See gʰrómos in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"word": "*gromъ"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
"word": "*gramas"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "*gramaz"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "khrómos",
"word": "χρόμος"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro",
"word": "*kʰrómos"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Pashto",
"lang_code": "ps",
"roman": "ğṛum",
"sense": "roar; rumble, peal of thunder",
"word": "غړوم"
},
{
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "ġaram",
"word": "غرم"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*grámah"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*gʰrámas"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*gʰrem-",
"3": "*-os",
"id2": "thematic",
"t1": "to roar, rumble; to thunder"
},
"expansion": "*gʰrem- (“to roar, rumble; to thunder”) + *-os",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *gʰrem- (“to roar, rumble; to thunder”) + *-os",
"forms": [
{
"form": "non-ablauting",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰrómos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰrómoh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰrómoes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰróme",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰrómoh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰrómoes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰrómom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰrómoh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰrómoms",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰrómosyo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰrómoHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰrómead",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰrómomos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰrómobʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰrómoey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰrómomos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰrómobʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰrómey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰrómoy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰrómoysu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰrómoh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰrómōys",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "non-ablauting",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "-",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*gʰrómos m (non-ablauting)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gʰrómo"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰrómos",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "79 21",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "89 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "93 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "97 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-os (thematic)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a roar, rumble"
],
"id": "en-gʰrómos-ine-pro-noun-0nT9lK9Q",
"links": [
[
"roar",
"roar"
],
[
"rumble",
"rumble"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"thunder"
],
"id": "en-gʰrómos-ine-pro-noun-Se~3R~e2",
"links": [
[
"thunder",
"thunder"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "gʰrómos"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European masculine nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-os (thematic)",
"Proto-Indo-European thematic o-stem nouns"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"word": "*gromъ"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
"word": "*gramas"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
],
"word": "*gramaz"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "khrómos",
"word": "χρόμος"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro",
"word": "*kʰrómos"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Pashto",
"lang_code": "ps",
"roman": "ğṛum",
"sense": "roar; rumble, peal of thunder",
"word": "غړوم"
},
{
"lang": "Persian",
"lang_code": "fa",
"roman": "ġaram",
"word": "غرم"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Iranian",
"lang_code": "ira-pro",
"word": "*grámah"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*gʰrámas"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*gʰrem-",
"3": "*-os",
"id2": "thematic",
"t1": "to roar, rumble; to thunder"
},
"expansion": "*gʰrem- (“to roar, rumble; to thunder”) + *-os",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *gʰrem- (“to roar, rumble; to thunder”) + *-os",
"forms": [
{
"form": "non-ablauting",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰrómos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰrómoh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰrómoes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰróme",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰrómoh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰrómoes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰrómom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰrómoh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰrómoms",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰrómosyo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰrómoHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰrómead",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰrómomos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰrómobʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰrómoey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰrómomos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰrómobʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰrómey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰrómoy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰrómoysu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰrómoh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "gʰrómōys",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "non-ablauting",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "-",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*gʰrómos m (non-ablauting)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gʰrómo"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰrómos",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a roar, rumble"
],
"links": [
[
"roar",
"roar"
],
[
"rumble",
"rumble"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"thunder"
],
"links": [
[
"thunder",
"thunder"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "gʰrómos"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gʰrómos meaning in Proto-Indo-European (4.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-10-07 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-10-01 using wiktextract (19bd8d3 and 1ab82da). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.