See gʰe in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"word": "*že"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
"word": "*ge"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "olt",
"word": "-ga"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"word": "*-go"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
"word": "*go"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"roman": "-k",
"word": "-𐌺"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"word": "*-k"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "ge",
"sense": "at least, at any rate, only; in fact",
"word": "γε"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro",
"word": "*ge"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "ha",
"word": "ह"
},
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "gha",
"word": "घ"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*źʰa"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "ha",
"word": "ह"
},
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "gha",
"word": "घ"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*gʰa"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*ǰʰa"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "ha",
"word": "ह"
},
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "gha",
"word": "घ"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*źʰa"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "ha",
"word": "ह"
},
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "gha",
"word": "घ"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*gʰa"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*gʰa"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*ho"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"lang_code": "txb",
"sense": "just, scarcely",
"word": "ka"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Tocharian",
"lang_code": "ine-toc-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
]
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "ge",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "go",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "gi",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "particle",
"head": "*g(ʰ)e",
"head2": "*g(ʰ)o",
"head3": "*g(ʰ)i"
},
"expansion": "*g(ʰ)e or *g(ʰ)o or *g(ʰ)i",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰe",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "ghā",
"sense": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"tags": [
"Sanskrit"
],
"word": "घा"
},
{
"roman": "ná gha",
"sense": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"tags": [
"Sanskrit"
],
"word": "न घ"
},
{
"english": "hither",
"roman": "in hōc and hōrsum",
"sense": "Proto-Italic",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"translation": "hither",
"word": "hō-"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"translation": "see there for further descendants",
"word": "h₂éw ge"
},
{
"english": "neither, nor",
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *negi",
"tags": [
"Latvian"
],
"translation": "neither, nor",
"word": "nedz"
},
{
"english": "not at all",
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *negi",
"tags": [
"Lithuanian"
],
"translation": "not at all",
"word": "nègi"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *negi; Old Prussian",
"word": "neggi"
},
{
"english": "neither",
"sense": "Proto-Germanic; Old Saxon",
"translation": "neither",
"word": "nec"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Postpositional intensifying particle: indeed, at any rate, in fact"
],
"id": "en-gʰe-ine-pro-particle-GxGb-F8~",
"links": [
[
"indeed",
"indeed"
],
[
"at any rate",
"at any rate"
],
[
"in fact",
"in fact"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme"
]
}
],
"word": "gʰe"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"roman": "ghā",
"sense": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"tags": [
"Sanskrit"
],
"word": "घा"
},
{
"english": "hither",
"roman": "in hōc and hōrsum",
"sense": "Proto-Italic",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"translation": "hither",
"word": "hō-"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"translation": "see there for further descendants",
"word": "h₂éw ge"
},
{
"english": "neither, nor",
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *negi",
"tags": [
"Latvian"
],
"translation": "neither, nor",
"word": "nedz"
},
{
"english": "not at all",
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *negi",
"tags": [
"Lithuanian"
],
"translation": "not at all",
"word": "nègi"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *negi; Old Prussian",
"word": "neggi"
},
{
"english": "neither",
"sense": "Proto-Germanic; Old Saxon",
"translation": "neither",
"word": "nec"
},
{
"roman": "ná gha",
"sense": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"tags": [
"Sanskrit"
],
"word": "न घ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"word": "*že"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
"word": "*ge"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Old Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "olt",
"word": "-ga"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "sla-pro",
"word": "*-go"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro",
"word": "*go"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"roman": "-k",
"word": "-𐌺"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"word": "*-k"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "ge",
"sense": "at least, at any rate, only; in fact",
"word": "γε"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro",
"word": "*ge"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "ha",
"word": "ह"
},
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "gha",
"word": "घ"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*źʰa"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "ha",
"word": "ह"
},
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "gha",
"word": "घ"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*gʰa"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*ǰʰa"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "ha",
"word": "ह"
},
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "gha",
"word": "घ"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*źʰa"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "ha",
"word": "ह"
},
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "gha",
"word": "घ"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*gʰa"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*gʰa"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*ho"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Tocharian B",
"lang_code": "txb",
"sense": "just, scarcely",
"word": "ka"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Tocharian",
"lang_code": "ine-toc-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"inherited",
"uncertain"
]
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "ge",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "go",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "gi",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "particle",
"head": "*g(ʰ)e",
"head2": "*g(ʰ)o",
"head3": "*g(ʰ)i"
},
"expansion": "*g(ʰ)e or *g(ʰ)o or *g(ʰ)i",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰe",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European particles"
],
"glosses": [
"Postpositional intensifying particle: indeed, at any rate, in fact"
],
"links": [
[
"indeed",
"indeed"
],
[
"at any rate",
"at any rate"
],
[
"in fact",
"in fact"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme"
]
}
],
"word": "gʰe"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gʰe meaning in Proto-Indo-European (3.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (ffdbfc3 and b9346a0). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.