See gʰe on Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*ge"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ge",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< *g(ʰ)e"
},
"expansion": "(< *g(ʰ)e)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ge (< *g(ʰ)e)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*že"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *že",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *že (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*go",
"pos": "enclitic emphatic particle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *go (enclitic emphatic particle)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< *g(ʰ)o"
},
"expansion": "(< *g(ʰ)o)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *go (enclitic emphatic particle) (< *g(ʰ)o)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olt",
"2": "-ga"
},
"expansion": "Old Lithuanian: -ga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Lithuanian: -ga"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-go"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *-go",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "as in *jego, gen.sg. of *jь"
},
"expansion": "(as in *jego, gen.sg. of *jь)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *-go (as in *jego, gen.sg. of *jь)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-k"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *-k",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *-k"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "-𐌺"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: -𐌺 (-k)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: -𐌺 (-k)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*ge"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *ge",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *ge"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γε",
"t": "at least, at any rate, only; in fact"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: γε (ge, “at least, at any rate, only; in fact”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: γε (ge, “at least, at any rate, only; in fact”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ǰʰa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰʰa",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< *gʰe"
},
"expansion": "(< *gʰe)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< *gʰo"
},
"expansion": "(< *gʰo)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰʰa (< *gʰe), *gʰa (< *gʰo)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*źʰa",
"3": "*gʰa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰa, *gʰa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰa, *gʰa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ह",
"3": "घ",
"id1": "emphatic particle"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: ह (ha), घ (gha)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: ह (ha), घ (gha) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*ho"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *ho",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *ho (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Tocharian:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< *g(ʰ)o"
},
"expansion": "(< *g(ʰ)o)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Tocharian: (< *g(ʰ)o)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "ka",
"t": "just, scarcely"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: ka (“just, scarcely”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: ka (“just, scarcely”)"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "ge",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "go",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "gi",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "particle",
"head": "*g(ʰ)e",
"head2": "*g(ʰ)o",
"head3": "*g(ʰ)i"
},
"expansion": "*g(ʰ)e or *g(ʰ)o or *g(ʰ)i",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰe",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European particles",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"roman": "ghā",
"sense": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"tags": [
"Sanskrit"
],
"word": "घा"
},
{
"roman": "ná gha",
"sense": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"tags": [
"Sanskrit"
],
"word": "न घ"
},
{
"english": "hither",
"roman": "in hōc and hōrsum",
"sense": "Proto-Italic",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "hō-"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"word": "h₂éw ge"
},
{
"english": "neither, nor",
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *negi",
"tags": [
"Latvian"
],
"word": "nedz"
},
{
"english": "not at all",
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *negi",
"tags": [
"Lithuanian"
],
"word": "nègi"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *negi; Old Prussian",
"word": "neggi"
},
{
"english": "neither",
"sense": "Proto-Germanic; Old Saxon",
"word": "nec"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Postpositional intensifying particle: indeed, at any rate, in fact"
],
"id": "en-gʰe-ine-pro-particle-GxGb-F8~",
"links": [
[
"indeed",
"indeed"
],
[
"at any rate",
"at any rate"
],
[
"in fact",
"in fact"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme"
]
}
],
"word": "gʰe"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"roman": "ghā",
"sense": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"tags": [
"Sanskrit"
],
"word": "घा"
},
{
"english": "hither",
"roman": "in hōc and hōrsum",
"sense": "Proto-Italic",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "hō-"
},
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"word": "h₂éw ge"
},
{
"english": "neither, nor",
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *negi",
"tags": [
"Latvian"
],
"word": "nedz"
},
{
"english": "not at all",
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *negi",
"tags": [
"Lithuanian"
],
"word": "nègi"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *negi; Old Prussian",
"word": "neggi"
},
{
"english": "neither",
"sense": "Proto-Germanic; Old Saxon",
"word": "nec"
},
{
"roman": "ná gha",
"sense": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"tags": [
"Sanskrit"
],
"word": "न घ"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*ge"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ge",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< *g(ʰ)e"
},
"expansion": "(< *g(ʰ)e)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *ge (< *g(ʰ)e)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*že"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *že",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *že (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*go",
"pos": "enclitic emphatic particle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *go (enclitic emphatic particle)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< *g(ʰ)o"
},
"expansion": "(< *g(ʰ)o)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *go (enclitic emphatic particle) (< *g(ʰ)o)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "olt",
"2": "-ga"
},
"expansion": "Old Lithuanian: -ga",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Lithuanian: -ga"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*-go"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *-go",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "as in *jego, gen.sg. of *jь"
},
"expansion": "(as in *jego, gen.sg. of *jь)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *-go (as in *jego, gen.sg. of *jь)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*-k"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *-k",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *-k"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "-𐌺"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: -𐌺 (-k)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: -𐌺 (-k)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*ge"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *ge",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *ge"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "γε",
"t": "at least, at any rate, only; in fact"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: γε (ge, “at least, at any rate, only; in fact”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: γε (ge, “at least, at any rate, only; in fact”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ǰʰa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰʰa",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< *gʰe"
},
"expansion": "(< *gʰe)",
"name": "q"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< *gʰo"
},
"expansion": "(< *gʰo)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ǰʰa (< *gʰe), *gʰa (< *gʰo)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*źʰa",
"3": "*gʰa"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰa, *gʰa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰa, *gʰa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ह",
"3": "घ",
"id1": "emphatic particle"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: ह (ha), घ (gha)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: ह (ha), घ (gha) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*ho"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *ho",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *ho (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Tocharian:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "< *g(ʰ)o"
},
"expansion": "(< *g(ʰ)o)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Tocharian: (< *g(ʰ)o)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "ka",
"t": "just, scarcely"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: ka (“just, scarcely”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: ka (“just, scarcely”)"
}
],
"forms": [
{
"form": "ge",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "go",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
},
{
"form": "gi",
"tags": [
"canonical"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "particle",
"head": "*g(ʰ)e",
"head2": "*g(ʰ)o",
"head3": "*g(ʰ)i"
},
"expansion": "*g(ʰ)e or *g(ʰ)o or *g(ʰ)i",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/gʰe",
"pos": "particle",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European particles"
],
"glosses": [
"Postpositional intensifying particle: indeed, at any rate, in fact"
],
"links": [
[
"indeed",
"indeed"
],
[
"at any rate",
"at any rate"
],
[
"in fact",
"in fact"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme"
]
}
],
"word": "gʰe"
}
Download raw JSONL data for gʰe meaning in All languages combined (5.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable All languages combined dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-05-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-05-20 using wiktextract (e937b02 and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.