See dus- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "(perhaps) Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "տ-"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: տ- (t-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: տ- (t-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*dъždžь",
"der": "1",
"gloss": "rainstorm, rain"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *dъždžь (“rainstorm, rain”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *dъždžь (“rainstorm, rain”) (< *dus-dyu- (“bad sky”), from *dyu- (“sky, day”))"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*dus-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *dus-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *dus- (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*tuz-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *tuz-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *tuz- (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*dus-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *dus-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *dus- (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*duš-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *duš-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *duš- (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "(perhaps) Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "dis-"
},
"expansion": "Latin: dis-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: dis-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "unc",
"3": "*dews->lack",
"id": "bad",
"pos": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from *dews- (“lack”). De Vaan instead suggests a derivation from the root of *dwóh₁ (“two”) with sense development from \"into two\" > \"apart\" > \"bad\".",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*dus-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dus-",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "*h₁su-"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages using catfix",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"parents": [
"Entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"bad"
],
"id": "en-dus--ine-pro-prefix-LwXUtonS",
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "dus-"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "(perhaps) Armenian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "տ-"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian: տ- (t-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Armenian: տ- (t-)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Balto-Slavic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*dъždžь",
"der": "1",
"gloss": "rainstorm, rain"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *dъždžь (“rainstorm, rain”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Slavic: *dъždžь (“rainstorm, rain”) (< *dus-dyu- (“bad sky”), from *dyu- (“sky, day”))"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*dus-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *dus-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *dus- (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*tuz-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *tuz-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *tuz- (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*dus-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *dus-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *dus- (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*duš-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *duš-",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *duš- (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "qual"
}
],
"text": "(perhaps) Italic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "dis-"
},
"expansion": "Latin: dis-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: dis-"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "unc",
"3": "*dews->lack",
"id": "bad",
"pos": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "etymon"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from *dews- (“lack”). De Vaan instead suggests a derivation from the root of *dwóh₁ (“two”) with sense development from \"into two\" > \"apart\" > \"bad\".",
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "prefix"
},
"expansion": "*dus-",
"name": "head"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dus-",
"pos": "prefix",
"senses": [
{
"antonyms": [
{
"word": "*h₁su-"
}
],
"categories": [
"Pages using catfix",
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European entries referencing etymons with invalid IDs",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European prefixes"
],
"glosses": [
"bad"
],
"links": [
[
"bad",
"bad"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "dus-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dus- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (3.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.