See der- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for der- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (14.6kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dér-ti ~ *dr-énti (root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*derˀtéi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *derˀtéi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *derˀtéi"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "dérti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: dérti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: dérti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*dertì"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *dertì",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *dertì (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*teraną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *teraną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *teraną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*dérō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *dérō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *dérō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "δέρω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: δέρω (dérō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: δέρω (dérō)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dr̥-néH-ti ~ *dr̥-nH-énti (néH-present?)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*dr̥náHti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dr̥náHti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dr̥náHti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*dr̥náHti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dr̥náHti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dr̥náHti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "दृणाति",
"tr": "dṛṇā́ti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: दृणाति (dṛṇā́ti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: दृणाति (dṛṇā́ti)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*dr̥náHti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *dr̥náHti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *dr̥náHti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬛𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬌"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬛𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬌 (dər^ənəṇti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬛𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬌 (dər^ənəṇti)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kho",
"tr": "dar(r)-"
},
"expansion": "Khotanese: [script needed] (dar(r)-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khotanese: [script needed] (dar(r)-)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bal",
"2": "درت",
"t": "to tear up",
"tr": "dirt"
},
"expansion": "Baluchi: درت (dirt, “to tear up”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Baluchi: درت (dirt, “to tear up”), در (dirr)/ دن (din-)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kurdish:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ckb",
"2": "دڕین",
"tr": "diřīn"
},
"expansion": "Central Kurdish: دڕین (diřīn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Kurdish: دڕین (diřīn), دڕ (diř-)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "dirîn",
"tr": "dirīn"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: dirîn (dirīn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: dirîn (dirīn), dir (dir-)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sdh",
"2": "دڕین",
"tr": "diřīn"
},
"expansion": "Southern Kurdish: دڕین (diřīn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Kurdish: دڕین (diřīn), دڕ (diř-)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Zaza-Gorani:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hac",
"2": "دڕیای",
"t": "to tear",
"tr": "diřāy"
},
"expansion": "Gurani: دڕیای (diřāy, “to tear”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gurani: دڕیای (diřāy, “to tear”), در (dir-)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zza",
"2": "dirnayen",
"t": "to tear off, cut off",
"tr": "dirnāyan"
},
"expansion": "Zazaki: dirnayen (dirnāyan, “to tear off, cut off”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Zazaki: dirnayen (dirnāyan, “to tear off, cut off”), diřa (dirrā-)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "-",
"ts": "darrīdan"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: (/darrīdan/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: (/darrīdan/)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"sc": "Phlv",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "SDKWNtn'"
},
"expansion": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (SDKWNtn')",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (SDKWNtn'), [Book Pahlavi needed] (dlytn')"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Lurish:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lrc",
"2": "درنییاْ",
"tr": "derniye"
},
"expansion": "Northern Luri: درنییاْ (derniye)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Luri: درنییاْ (derniye)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bqi",
"2": "درنیڌن",
"tr": "derniđen"
},
"expansion": "Bakhtiari: درنیڌن (derniđen)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bakhtiari: درنیڌن (derniđen)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "luz",
"2": "درنیڌن",
"tr": "derniđen"
},
"expansion": "Southern Luri: درنیڌن (derniđen)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Luri: درنیڌن (derniđen)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dr̥-nh₂-é-ti ~ dr̥-nh₂-é-nti (nh₂-present?)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*turnaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *turnaną",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *turnaną"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "*𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: *𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽 (*taurnan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: *𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽 (*taurnan) (in 𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽 (aftaurnan), 𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽 (distaurnan))"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dér-mn̥ ~ dr̥-mnés (deverbal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*dérmə"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *dérmə",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *dérmə"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "δέρμα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: δέρμα (dérma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: δέρμα (dérma)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dr̥-tis"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*turþiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *turþiz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *turþiz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*də́rtis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *də́rtis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *də́rtis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "δάρσις"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: δάρσις (dársis)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: δάρσις (dársis)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*dŕ̥tiš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dŕ̥tiš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dŕ̥tiš"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*dŕ̥tiṣ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dŕ̥tiṣ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dŕ̥tiṣ"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "दृति",
"tr": "dṛ́ti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: दृति (dṛ́ti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: दृति (dṛ́ti)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dr̥-nos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*darnos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *darnos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *darnos, *darnā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*darn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *darn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *darn"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbm",
"2": "darn"
},
"expansion": "Middle Breton: darn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Breton: darn"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "darn"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: darn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: darn"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "darn"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: darn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: darn"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "darn"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: darn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: darn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "*darnā"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: *darnā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: *darnā"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "darne",
"bor": "1",
"t": "piece, slice of fish"
},
"expansion": "→ French: darne (“piece, slice of fish”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: darne (“piece, slice of fish”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*turnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *turnaz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *turnaz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*dь̀rnъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *dь̀rnъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *dь̀rnъ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "djerr"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: djerr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: djerr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*dírāˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *dírāˀtei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *dírāˀtei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "dìrti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: dìrti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: dìrti/dir̃ti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*dьràti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *dьràti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *dьràti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Celtic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Celtic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "drécht"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: drécht",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: drécht (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*trinnaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *trinnaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *trinnaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*trannijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *trannijaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *trannijaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*dr̥Hyátay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dr̥Hyátay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dr̥Hyátay"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*dr̥Hyátay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dr̥Hyátay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dr̥Hyátay"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "दीर्यते",
"tr": "dīryáte"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: दीर्यते (dīryáte)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: दीर्यते (dīryáte)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*dr̥Hakas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dr̥Hakas",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dr̥Hakas (perhaps)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*dr̥Hakah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *dr̥Hakah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *dr̥Hakah"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa-cls",
"2": "دره",
"t": "skin; a kind of Islamic punishment which related to sewing skin of the sinful person",
"tr": "dirra"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian: دره (dirra, “skin; a kind of Islamic punishment which related to sewing skin of the sinful person”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Classical Persian: دره (dirra, “skin; a kind of Islamic punishment which related to sewing skin of the sinful person”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*darda"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *darda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *darda"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "derdh"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: derdh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: derdh"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "dardhë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: dardhë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: dardhë"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*dar-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dar-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dar-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*dar-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dar-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dar-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "दॄ"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: दॄ (dṝ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: दॄ (dṝ)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/der-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "84 16",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CeR-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "92 8",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "97 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to split, to separate"
],
"id": "en-der--ine-pro-root-tG5AfeFU",
"links": [
[
"split",
"split"
],
[
"separate",
"separate"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to tear, to crack, to shatter"
],
"id": "en-der--ine-pro-root-gxN023DO",
"links": [
[
"tear",
"tear"
],
[
"crack",
"crack"
],
[
"shatter",
"shatter"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "der-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European CeR-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dér-ti ~ *dr-énti (root present)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*derˀtéi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *derˀtéi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *derˀtéi"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "dérti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: dérti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: dérti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*dertì"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *dertì",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *dertì (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*teraną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *teraną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *teraną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*dérō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *dérō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *dérō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "δέρω"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: δέρω (dérō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: δέρω (dérō)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dr̥-néH-ti ~ *dr̥-nH-énti (néH-present?)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*dr̥náHti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dr̥náHti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dr̥náHti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*dr̥náHti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dr̥náHti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dr̥náHti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "दृणाति",
"tr": "dṛṇā́ti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: दृणाति (dṛṇā́ti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: दृणाति (dṛṇā́ti)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*dr̥náHti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *dr̥náHti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *dr̥náHti"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ae",
"2": "𐬛𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬌"
},
"expansion": "Avestan: 𐬛𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬌 (dər^ənəṇti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Avestan: 𐬛𐬆𐬭𐬆𐬥𐬆𐬧𐬙𐬌 (dər^ənəṇti)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kho",
"tr": "dar(r)-"
},
"expansion": "Khotanese: [script needed] (dar(r)-)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Khotanese: [script needed] (dar(r)-)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bal",
"2": "درت",
"t": "to tear up",
"tr": "dirt"
},
"expansion": "Baluchi: درت (dirt, “to tear up”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Baluchi: درت (dirt, “to tear up”), در (dirr)/ دن (din-)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Kurdish:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ckb",
"2": "دڕین",
"tr": "diřīn"
},
"expansion": "Central Kurdish: دڕین (diřīn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Central Kurdish: دڕین (diřīn), دڕ (diř-)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kmr",
"2": "dirîn",
"tr": "dirīn"
},
"expansion": "Northern Kurdish: dirîn (dirīn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Kurdish: dirîn (dirīn), dir (dir-)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sdh",
"2": "دڕین",
"tr": "diřīn"
},
"expansion": "Southern Kurdish: دڕین (diřīn)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Kurdish: دڕین (diřīn), دڕ (diř-)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Zaza-Gorani:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hac",
"2": "دڕیای",
"t": "to tear",
"tr": "diřāy"
},
"expansion": "Gurani: دڕیای (diřāy, “to tear”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gurani: دڕیای (diřāy, “to tear”), در (dir-)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "zza",
"2": "dirnayen",
"t": "to tear off, cut off",
"tr": "dirnāyan"
},
"expansion": "Zazaki: dirnayen (dirnāyan, “to tear off, cut off”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Zazaki: dirnayen (dirnāyan, “to tear off, cut off”), diřa (dirrā-)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"2": "-",
"ts": "darrīdan"
},
"expansion": "Middle Persian: (/darrīdan/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Persian: (/darrīdan/)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pal",
"sc": "Phlv",
"sclb": "1",
"tr": "SDKWNtn'"
},
"expansion": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (SDKWNtn')",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Book Pahlavi script: [Book Pahlavi needed] (SDKWNtn'), [Book Pahlavi needed] (dlytn')"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Lurish:"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lrc",
"2": "درنییاْ",
"tr": "derniye"
},
"expansion": "Northern Luri: درنییاْ (derniye)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Northern Luri: درنییاْ (derniye)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bqi",
"2": "درنیڌن",
"tr": "derniđen"
},
"expansion": "Bakhtiari: درنیڌن (derniđen)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Bakhtiari: درنیڌن (derniđen)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "luz",
"2": "درنیڌن",
"tr": "derniđen"
},
"expansion": "Southern Luri: درنیڌن (derniđen)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Southern Luri: درنیڌن (derniđen)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dr̥-nh₂-é-ti ~ dr̥-nh₂-é-nti (nh₂-present?)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*turnaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *turnaną",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *turnaną"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "*𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: *𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽 (*taurnan)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: *𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽 (*taurnan) (in 𐌰𐍆𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽 (aftaurnan), 𐌳𐌹𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌿𐍂𐌽𐌰𐌽 (distaurnan))"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dér-mn̥ ~ dr̥-mnés (deverbal)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*dérmə"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *dérmə",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *dérmə"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "δέρμα"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: δέρμα (dérma)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: δέρμα (dérma)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dr̥-tis"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*turþiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *turþiz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *turþiz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*də́rtis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *də́rtis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *də́rtis"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "δάρσις"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: δάρσις (dársis)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: δάρσις (dársis)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*dŕ̥tiš"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dŕ̥tiš",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dŕ̥tiš"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*dŕ̥tiṣ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dŕ̥tiṣ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dŕ̥tiṣ"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "दृति",
"tr": "dṛ́ti"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: दृति (dṛ́ti)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: दृति (dṛ́ti)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*dr̥-nos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*darnos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *darnos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *darnos, *darnā"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*darn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *darn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *darn"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "xbm",
"2": "darn"
},
"expansion": "Middle Breton: darn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Breton: darn"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "darn"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: darn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: darn"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "wlm",
"2": "darn"
},
"expansion": "Middle Welsh: darn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Welsh: darn"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "darn"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: darn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: darn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-gau",
"2": "*darnā"
},
"expansion": "Gaulish: *darnā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gaulish: *darnā"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "darne",
"bor": "1",
"t": "piece, slice of fish"
},
"expansion": "→ French: darne (“piece, slice of fish”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ French: darne (“piece, slice of fish”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*turnaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *turnaz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *turnaz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*dь̀rnъ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *dь̀rnъ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *dь̀rnъ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Unsorted formations:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "djerr"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: djerr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: djerr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*dírāˀtei"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *dírāˀtei",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *dírāˀtei"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "dìrti"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian: dìrti",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Lithuanian: dìrti/dir̃ti"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*dьràti"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *dьràti",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Slavic: *dьràti (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Proto-Celtic:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Proto-Celtic:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "drécht"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: drécht",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: drécht (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*trinnaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *trinnaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *trinnaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*trannijaną"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *trannijaną",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *trannijaną (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*dr̥Hyátay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dr̥Hyátay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dr̥Hyátay"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*dr̥Hyátay"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dr̥Hyátay",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dr̥Hyátay"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "दीर्यते",
"tr": "dīryáte"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: दीर्यते (dīryáte)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: दीर्यते (dīryáte)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*dr̥Hakas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dr̥Hakas",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "perhaps"
},
"expansion": "(perhaps)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dr̥Hakas (perhaps)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ira-pro",
"2": "*dr̥Hakah"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *dr̥Hakah",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Iranian: *dr̥Hakah"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fa-cls",
"2": "دره",
"t": "skin; a kind of Islamic punishment which related to sewing skin of the sinful person",
"tr": "dirra"
},
"expansion": "Classical Persian: دره (dirra, “skin; a kind of Islamic punishment which related to sewing skin of the sinful person”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Classical Persian: دره (dirra, “skin; a kind of Islamic punishment which related to sewing skin of the sinful person”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"2": "*darda"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *darda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *darda"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "derdh"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: derdh",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: derdh"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "dardhë"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: dardhë",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: dardhë"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*dar-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dar-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dar-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"2": "*dar-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dar-",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *dar-"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "दॄ"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: दॄ (dṝ)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: दॄ (dṝ)"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/der-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to split, to separate"
],
"links": [
[
"split",
"split"
],
[
"separate",
"separate"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to tear, to crack, to shatter"
],
"links": [
[
"tear",
"tear"
],
[
"crack",
"crack"
],
[
"shatter",
"shatter"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "der-"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.