See dʰrówgʰos in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*draugaz",
"t": "apparition, ghost"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *draugaz (“apparition, ghost”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *draugaz (“apparition, ghost”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*dʰráwgʰas",
"t": "deception, treachery"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰráwgʰas (“deception, treachery”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰráwgʰas (“deception, treachery”) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰrewgʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dʰrewgʰ-",
"3": "*-os",
"id2": "thematic",
"t1": "to deceive"
},
"expansion": "*dʰrewgʰ- (“to deceive”) + *-os",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *dʰrewgʰ- (“to deceive”) + *-os.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "non-ablauting",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrówgʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrówgʰoh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrówgʰoes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrówgʰe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrówgʰoh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrówgʰoes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrówgʰom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrówgʰoh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrówgʰoms",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrówgʰosyo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrówgʰoHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrówgʰead",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrówgʰomos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrówgʰobʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrówgʰoey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrówgʰomos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrówgʰobʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrówgʰey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrówgʰoy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrówgʰoysu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrówgʰoh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrówgʰōys",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "non-ablauting",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "-",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*dʰrówgʰos m (non-ablauting)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dʰrówgʰo"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰrówgʰos",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *dʰrewgʰ-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-os (thematic)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a deception, falsehood, lie"
],
"id": "en-dʰrówgʰos-ine-pro-noun-BrOWNwYR",
"links": [
[
"deception",
"deception"
],
[
"falsehood",
"falsehood"
],
[
"lie",
"lie"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "dʰrówgʰos"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*draugaz",
"t": "apparition, ghost"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *draugaz (“apparition, ghost”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *draugaz (“apparition, ghost”) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*dʰráwgʰas",
"t": "deception, treachery"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰráwgʰas (“deception, treachery”)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *dʰráwgʰas (“deception, treachery”) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dʰrewgʰ-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dʰrewgʰ-",
"3": "*-os",
"id2": "thematic",
"t1": "to deceive"
},
"expansion": "*dʰrewgʰ- (“to deceive”) + *-os",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *dʰrewgʰ- (“to deceive”) + *-os.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "non-ablauting",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrówgʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrówgʰoh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrówgʰoes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrówgʰe",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrówgʰoh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrówgʰoes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrówgʰom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrówgʰoh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrówgʰoms",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrówgʰosyo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrówgʰoHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrówgʰead",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrówgʰomos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrówgʰobʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrówgʰoey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrówgʰomos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrówgʰobʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrówgʰey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrówgʰoy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrówgʰoysu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrówgʰoh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰrówgʰōys",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "non-ablauting",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "-",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*dʰrówgʰos m (non-ablauting)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dʰrówgʰo"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰrówgʰos",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European masculine nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *dʰrewgʰ-",
"Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-os (thematic)",
"Proto-Indo-European thematic o-stem nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"a deception, falsehood, lie"
],
"links": [
[
"deception",
"deception"
],
[
"falsehood",
"falsehood"
],
[
"lie",
"lie"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "dʰrówgʰos"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dʰrówgʰos meaning in Proto-Indo-European (4.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (94ba7e1 and 5dea2a6). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.