See dʰǵʰyésteros in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"word": "*gesteran"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*gesteran"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"word": "*gesteraz"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "gistradagis",
"word": "𐌲𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍂𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌲𐌹𐍃"
}
],
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"roman": "*gistra",
"word": "*𐌲𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍂𐌰"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"from the adverbial accusative"
],
"word": "*gestrą"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*hesternos"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*hesteros"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dʰǵʰyés",
"3": "*-teros",
"pos2": "contrastive suffix",
"t1": "yesterday"
},
"expansion": "*dʰǵʰyés (“yesterday”) + *-teros (contrastive suffix)",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the adverb *dʰǵʰyés (“yesterday”) + *-teros (contrastive suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésteros",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésteroh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésteroes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésteroh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésteroes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésterom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésteroh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésteroms",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésterosyo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésteroHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésteread",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésteromos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésterobʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésteroey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésteromos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésterobʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésterey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésteroy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésteroysu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésteroh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésterōys",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂h₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂h₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂es",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂h₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂h₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂es",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésterām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂h₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂h₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂m̥s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂oHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂mos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂bʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂ey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂mos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂bʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂su",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂h₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂mis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂bʰis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésterom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésteroy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésteroyh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésterom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésteroy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésteroyh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésteroy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésteroyh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "*dʰǵʰyésteros",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dʰǵʰyéstero"
},
"name": "ine-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰǵʰyésteros",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-teros",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"yesterday"
],
"id": "en-dʰǵʰyésteros-ine-pro-adj-lSPZ--eb",
"links": [
[
"yesterday",
"yesterday"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "dʰǵʰyésteros"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Proto-West Germanic",
"lang_code": "gmw-pro",
"word": "*gesteran"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*gesteran"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"word": "*gesteraz"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "gistradagis",
"word": "𐌲𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍂𐌰𐌳𐌰𐌲𐌹𐍃"
}
],
"lang": "Gothic",
"lang_code": "got",
"roman": "*gistra",
"word": "*𐌲𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍂𐌰"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes",
"from the adverbial accusative"
],
"word": "*gestrą"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "unknown",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"word": "*hesternos"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Italic",
"lang_code": "itc-pro",
"word": "*hesteros"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*dʰǵʰyés",
"3": "*-teros",
"pos2": "contrastive suffix",
"t1": "yesterday"
},
"expansion": "*dʰǵʰyés (“yesterday”) + *-teros (contrastive suffix)",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the adverb *dʰǵʰyés (“yesterday”) + *-teros (contrastive suffix).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésteros",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésteroh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésteroes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstere",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésteroh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésteroes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésterom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésteroh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésteroms",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésterosyo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésteroHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésteread",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésteromos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésterobʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésteroey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésteromos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésterobʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésterey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésteroy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésteroysu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésteroh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésterōys",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂h₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂h₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂es",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂h₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂h₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂es",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésterām",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂h₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂h₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂m̥s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂oHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂mos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂bʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂ey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂mos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂bʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂su",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂h₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂mis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂bʰis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésterom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésteroy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésteroyh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésterom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésteroy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésteroyh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésteroy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyésteroyh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "dʰǵʰyéstereh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "*dʰǵʰyésteros",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dʰǵʰyéstero"
},
"name": "ine-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/dʰǵʰyésteros",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European adjectives",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-teros",
"Proto-Indo-European thematic adjectives"
],
"glosses": [
"yesterday"
],
"links": [
[
"yesterday",
"yesterday"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "dʰǵʰyésteros"
}
Download raw JSONL data for dʰǵʰyésteros meaning in Proto-Indo-European (7.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-10-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-09-20 using wiktextract (ea0d853 and 1ab82da). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.