See bʰrekʷ- in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰr̥kʷ-yé-ti (“ye-present”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*farkjō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *farkjō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *farkjō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "farciō",
"t": "to cram, fill completely, stuff"
},
"expansion": "Latin: farciō (“to cram, fill completely, stuff”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: farciō (“to cram, fill completely, stuff”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*pʰrakʷjō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰrakʷjō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly",
"2": "or perhaps from *bʰerǵʰ- (“to be high; to rise”)"
},
"expansion": "(possibly, or perhaps from *bʰerǵʰ- (“to be high; to rise”))",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰrakʷjō (possibly, or perhaps from *bʰerǵʰ- (“to be high; to rise”))"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φράσσω",
"t": "to fence"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: φράσσω (phrássō, “to fence”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: φράσσω (phrássō, “to fence”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰr̥kʷ-s-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*fraksō",
"t": "to patrol"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *fraksō (“to patrol”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *fraksō (“to patrol”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fraxō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: fraxō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: fraxō"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰrékʷ-nt-s ~ *bʰr̥kʷ-nt-ós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*frekʷents"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *frekʷents",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *frekʷents"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "frequēns",
"t": "occurring at close intervals"
},
"expansion": "Latin: frequēns (“occurring at close intervals”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: frequēns (“occurring at close intervals”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "frequēns"
},
"expansion": "Latin frequēns",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Reconstructed with a labiovelar to include Latin frequēns, but due to this unusual root structure, possibly a substrate borrowing.",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰrekʷ-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to condense"
],
"id": "en-bʰrekʷ--ine-pro-root-a3FlIi6x",
"links": [
[
"condense",
"condense"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "4 96",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 97",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 81",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European CReC-shape roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "6 94",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 97",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European roots",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"to crowd together"
],
"id": "en-bʰrekʷ--ine-pro-root-jPWtT9z1",
"links": [
[
"crowd",
"crowd"
],
[
"together",
"together"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bʰarekʷ-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bʰₔrekʷ-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bʰerk-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bʰrak-"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "bʰreg-"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "bʰrekʷ-"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European CReC-shape roots",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European roots",
"Proto-Indo-European terms borrowed from substrate languages",
"Proto-Indo-European terms derived from substrate languages"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰr̥kʷ-yé-ti (“ye-present”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*farkjō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *farkjō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *farkjō"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "farciō",
"t": "to cram, fill completely, stuff"
},
"expansion": "Latin: farciō (“to cram, fill completely, stuff”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: farciō (“to cram, fill completely, stuff”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*pʰrakʷjō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰrakʷjō",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly",
"2": "or perhaps from *bʰerǵʰ- (“to be high; to rise”)"
},
"expansion": "(possibly, or perhaps from *bʰerǵʰ- (“to be high; to rise”))",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *pʰrakʷjō (possibly, or perhaps from *bʰerǵʰ- (“to be high; to rise”))"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "φράσσω",
"t": "to fence"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: φράσσω (phrássō, “to fence”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: φράσσω (phrássō, “to fence”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰr̥kʷ-s-"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*fraksō",
"t": "to patrol"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *fraksō (“to patrol”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *fraksō (“to patrol”)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "fraxō"
},
"expansion": "Latin: fraxō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: fraxō"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "*bʰrékʷ-nt-s ~ *bʰr̥kʷ-nt-ós"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*frekʷents"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *frekʷents",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *frekʷents"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "frequēns",
"t": "occurring at close intervals"
},
"expansion": "Latin: frequēns (“occurring at close intervals”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: frequēns (“occurring at close intervals”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "frequēns"
},
"expansion": "Latin frequēns",
"name": "noncog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "bor"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Reconstructed with a labiovelar to include Latin frequēns, but due to this unusual root structure, possibly a substrate borrowing.",
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰrekʷ-",
"pos": "root",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"to condense"
],
"links": [
[
"condense",
"condense"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"to crowd together"
],
"links": [
[
"crowd",
"crowd"
],
[
"together",
"together"
]
],
"tags": [
"morpheme",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "bʰarekʷ-"
},
{
"word": "bʰₔrekʷ-"
},
{
"word": "bʰerk-"
},
{
"word": "bʰrak-"
},
{
"word": "bʰreg-"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Helmut Rix",
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
],
"word": "bʰrekʷ-"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bʰrekʷ- meaning in Proto-Indo-European (3.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-20 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (ee63ee9 and 4230888). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.