See bʰardʰéh₂ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*bardā́ˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bardā́ˀ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bardā́ˀ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bardaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *bardaz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *bardaz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*farβā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *farβā",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *farβā (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the stem *bʰar-/-bʰor- (“projecting forward; tip, point; bristle, awn”), form of *bʰer- (“to cut, to grate, to split, to hit”). Kroonen considers the root to be potentially derived from *bʰers- (“tip, point”) (which seems to be related to the roots discussed above), with sense development \"pointy and prickly thing\" > \"beard\".",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰéh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰéh₂h₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰéh₂h₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰéh₂es",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰéh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰéh₂h₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰéh₂h₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰéh₂es",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰā́m",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰéh₂h₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰéh₂h₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰéh₂m̥s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰéh₂s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰéh₂oHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰéh₂s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰéh₂mos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰéh₂bʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰéh₂ey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰéh₂mos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰéh₂bʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰéh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰéh₂i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰéh₂su",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰéh₂h₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰéh₂mis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰéh₂bʰis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*bʰardʰéh₂ f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bʰardʰéh₂"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰardʰéh₂",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*bʰardʰéh₂tos (“bearded”)",
"word": "bardā́ˀtas"
},
{
"sense": "*bʰardʰéh₂tos (“bearded”)",
"word": "bardōdaz"
},
{
"english": "the initial /b-/ is also found in barba; see there for further descendants",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *farβātos",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "barbātus"
}
],
"glosses": [
"beard"
],
"id": "en-bʰardʰéh₂-ine-pro-noun-lBGSq7CG",
"links": [
[
"beard",
"beard"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "chin, beard",
"word": "smóḱwr̥"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"word": "bʰardʰéh₂"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"english": "see there for further descendants",
"sense": "*bʰardʰéh₂tos (“bearded”)",
"word": "bardā́ˀtas"
},
{
"sense": "*bʰardʰéh₂tos (“bearded”)",
"word": "bardōdaz"
},
{
"english": "the initial /b-/ is also found in barba; see there for further descendants",
"sense": "Proto-Italic: *farβātos",
"tags": [
"Latin"
],
"word": "barbātus"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*bardā́ˀ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bardā́ˀ",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *bardā́ˀ (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*bardaz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *bardaz",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Germanic: *bardaz (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*farβā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *farβā",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *farβā (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the stem *bʰar-/-bʰor- (“projecting forward; tip, point; bristle, awn”), form of *bʰer- (“to cut, to grate, to split, to hit”). Kroonen considers the root to be potentially derived from *bʰers- (“tip, point”) (which seems to be related to the roots discussed above), with sense development \"pointy and prickly thing\" > \"beard\".",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰéh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰéh₂h₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰéh₂h₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰéh₂es",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰéh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰéh₂h₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰéh₂h₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰéh₂es",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰā́m",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰéh₂h₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰéh₂h₁e",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰéh₂m̥s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰéh₂s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰéh₂oHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰéh₂s",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰéh₂mos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰéh₂bʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰéh₂ey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰéh₂mos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰéh₂bʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰéh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰéh₂i",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰéh₂su",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰéh₂h₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰéh₂mis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "bʰardʰéh₂bʰis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "f",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*bʰardʰéh₂ f",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "bʰardʰéh₂"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/bʰardʰéh₂",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European feminine nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European thematic eh₂-stem nouns",
"ine-pro:Face",
"ine-pro:Hair"
],
"glosses": [
"beard"
],
"links": [
[
"beard",
"beard"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Rick Derksen"
]
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"english": "chin, beard",
"word": "smóḱwr̥"
}
],
"word": "bʰardʰéh₂"
}
Download raw JSONL data for bʰardʰéh₂ meaning in Proto-Indo-European (5.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (f889f65 and 8fbd9e8). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.