See Hroth₂ós in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latgalian",
"lang_code": "ltg",
"word": "rots"
},
{
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"word": "rats"
},
{
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"word": "rãtas"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*rat'as"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"word": "*rotos"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"word": "*raþą"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*Hrátʰas"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*Hreth₂-",
"3": "*-ós",
"id2": "o-grade",
"t1": "to run"
},
"expansion": "*Hreth₂- (“to run”) + *-ós",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "rota",
"t": "wheel, chariot"
},
"expansion": "Latin rota (“wheel, chariot”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *Hreth₂- (“to run”) + *-ós; the question of the exact relation between this adjective and Latin rota (“wheel, chariot”) remains unresolved; see the Latin entry for more.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Hroth₂ós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Hroth₂óh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "Hroth₂óes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Hroth₂óh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Hroth₂óes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Hroth₂óm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Hroth₂óh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "Hroth₂óms",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Hroth₂ósyo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "Hroth₂óey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "Hroth₂óysu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Hroth₂óh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "Hroth₂ṓys",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Hroth₂óm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Hroth₂óy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "Hroth₂óyh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "Hroth₂óm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Hroth₂óy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Hroth₂óyh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Hroth₂óy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "Hroth₂óyh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "*Hroth₂ós",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Hroth₂ó"
},
"name": "ine-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/Hroth₂ós",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"running"
],
"id": "en-Hroth₂ós-ine-pro-adj-wHHPX17W",
"links": [
[
"running",
"running"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "0 100",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 95",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "3 97",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-ós (o-grade)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"something that runs (including wheels and chariots)."
],
"id": "en-Hroth₂ós-ine-pro-adj-XFAggI4w",
"links": [
[
"wheel",
"wheel"
],
[
"chariot",
"chariot"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nominalized) something that runs (including wheels and chariots)."
],
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "Hroth₂ós"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European adjectives",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-ós (o-grade)",
"Proto-Indo-European thematic adjectives"
],
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Latgalian",
"lang_code": "ltg",
"word": "rots"
},
{
"lang": "Latvian",
"lang_code": "lv",
"word": "rats"
},
{
"lang": "Lithuanian",
"lang_code": "lt",
"word": "rãtas"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Finnic",
"lang_code": "urj-fin-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"borrowed"
],
"word": "*rat'as"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"lang_code": "ine-bsl-pro"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Celtic",
"lang_code": "cel-pro",
"word": "*rotos"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"word": "*raþą"
},
{
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*Hrátʰas"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*Hreth₂-",
"3": "*-ós",
"id2": "o-grade",
"t1": "to run"
},
"expansion": "*Hreth₂- (“to run”) + *-ós",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "rota",
"t": "wheel, chariot"
},
"expansion": "Latin rota (“wheel, chariot”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *Hreth₂- (“to run”) + *-ós; the question of the exact relation between this adjective and Latin rota (“wheel, chariot”) remains unresolved; see the Latin entry for more.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "Hroth₂ós",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Hroth₂óh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "Hroth₂óes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Hroth₂óh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Hroth₂óes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Hroth₂óm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Hroth₂óh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "Hroth₂óms",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Hroth₂ósyo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "Hroth₂óey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "Hroth₂óysu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Hroth₂óh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "Hroth₂ṓys",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "Hroth₂óm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "Hroth₂óy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "Hroth₂óyh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "Hroth₂óm",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Hroth₂óy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Hroth₂óyh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "Hroth₂óy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "Hroth₂óyh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "adjective"
},
"expansion": "*Hroth₂ós",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "Hroth₂ó"
},
"name": "ine-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/Hroth₂ós",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"running"
],
"links": [
[
"running",
"running"
]
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"something that runs (including wheels and chariots)."
],
"links": [
[
"wheel",
"wheel"
],
[
"chariot",
"chariot"
]
],
"raw_glosses": [
"(nominalized) something that runs (including wheels and chariots)."
],
"tags": [
"noun-from-verb",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "Hroth₂ós"
}
Download raw JSONL data for Hroth₂ós meaning in Proto-Indo-European (4.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-12-02 using wiktextract (e2469cc and 9905b1f). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.