See -kos in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSONL data for -kos meaning in Proto-Indo-European (9.4kB)
{ "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ine-bsl-pro", "2": "*-kas" }, "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-kas", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-kas" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "lt", "2": "-ingas" }, "expansion": "Lithuanian: -ingas", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "with an /n/ infix" }, "expansion": "(with an /n/ infix)", "name": "q" } ], "text": "Lithuanian: -ingas (with an /n/ infix)" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "lv", "2": "-īgs" }, "expansion": "Latvian: -īgs", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Latvian: -īgs" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sla-pro", "2": "*-kъ" }, "expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *-kъ", "name": "desc" }, { "args": {}, "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)", "name": "see desc" } ], "text": "Proto-Slavic: *-kъ (see there for further descendants)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "cel-pro", "2": "*-kos" }, "expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *-kos", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Proto-Celtic: *-kos" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "cel-pro", "2": "*-ākos", "der": "1" }, "expansion": "⇒ Proto-Celtic: *-ākos", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "⇒ Proto-Celtic: *-ākos" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "gem-pro", "2": "*-gaz" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *-gaz", "name": "desc" }, { "args": {}, "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)", "name": "see desc" } ], "text": "Proto-Germanic: *-gaz (see there for further descendants)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "grk-pro", "2": "*-kos" }, "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *-kos", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Proto-Hellenic: *-kos" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "grc", "2": "-κός" }, "expansion": "Ancient Greek: -κός (-kós)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Ancient Greek: -κός (-kós)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "iir-pro", "2": "*-kas" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-kas", "name": "desc" }, { "args": {}, "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)", "name": "see desc" } ], "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-kas (see there for further descendants)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "itc-pro", "2": "*-kos" }, "expansion": "Proto-Italic: *-kos", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Proto-Italic: *-kos" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "-cus" }, "expansion": "Latin: -cus", "name": "desc" }, { "args": {}, "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)", "name": "see desc" } ], "text": "Latin: -cus (see there for further descendants)" }, { "depth": 3, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "-icus", "der": "1" }, "expansion": "⇒ Latin: -icus", "name": "desc" }, { "args": {}, "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)", "name": "see desc" } ], "text": "⇒ Latin: -icus (see there for further descendants)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sqj-pro", "2": "*-ikā" }, "expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *-ikā", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Proto-Albanian: *-ikā" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sqj-pro", "2": "*-kā" }, "expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *-kā", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Proto-Albanian: *-kā," }, { "depth": 3, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sq", "2": "-kë" }, "expansion": "Albanian: -kë", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "*Albanian: -kë," } ], "forms": [ { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "ine-decl-adj", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "-kos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-koh₁", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "nominative" ] }, { "form": "-koes", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-ke", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "singular", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "-koh₁", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "-koes", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "plural", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "-kom", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-koh₁", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "-koms", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kosyo", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "genitive" ] }, { "form": "-koHom", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kead", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "ablative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "-komos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-koey", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "-komos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-key", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "locative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-koy", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "locative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "locative" ] }, { "form": "-koysu", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "locative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-koh₁", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "instrumental", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "instrumental" ] }, { "form": "-kōys", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "instrumental", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-keh₂", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-keh₂h₁", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "nominative" ] }, { "form": "-keh₂h₁e", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "nominative" ] }, { "form": "-keh₂es", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-keh₂", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "singular", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "-keh₂h₁", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "-keh₂h₁e", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "-keh₂es", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "plural", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "-kām", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-keh₂h₁", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "-keh₂h₁e", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "-keh₂m̥s", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-keh₂s", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-keh₂oHom", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-keh₂s", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-keh₂mos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-keh₂ey", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-keh₂mos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-keh₂", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "locative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-keh₂i", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "locative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-keh₂su", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "locative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-keh₂h₁", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "instrumental", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-keh₂mis", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "instrumental", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kom", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-koy", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "nominative" ] }, { "form": "-koyh₁", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "nominative" ] }, { "form": "-keh₂", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kom", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "singular", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "-koy", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "-koyh₁", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "-keh₂", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "plural", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "-koy", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "-koyh₁", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "-keh₂", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ine-pro", "2": "suffix", "cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes" }, "expansion": "*-kos", "name": "head" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "-ko" }, "name": "ine-decl-adj" } ], "lang": "Proto-Indo-European", "lang_code": "ine-pro", "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-kos", "pos": "suffix", "senses": [ { "categories": [ { "kind": "other", "name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header", "parents": [ "Entries with incorrect language header", "Entry maintenance" ], "source": "w" } ], "derived": [ { "sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-ikas", "tags": [ "Lithuanian" ], "word": "-ikas" }, { "sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-ikas", "tags": [ "Lithuanian" ], "word": "-ikis" }, { "english": "see there for further descendants", "sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-ikas", "tags": [ "Proto-Slavic" ], "word": "-ьcь" }, { "roman": "-ikós", "sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *-ikos", "tags": [ "Ancient-Greek" ], "word": "-ικός" }, { "english": "see there for further descendants", "sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-kāˀ", "tags": [ "Proto-Slavic" ], "word": "-ъka" }, { "english": "see there for further descendants", "sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-akas, *-ukas", "tags": [ "Proto-Slavic" ], "word": "-ъkъ" }, { "word": ">? Proto-Germanic: *-ingaz" }, { "word": "-ungō" }, { "word": "-ingō" }, { "english": "see there for further descendants", "word": "-engō" } ], "glosses": [ "Creates deadjectival and desubstantival adjectives denoting the characteristic of, typical of, pertaining to." ], "id": "en--kos-ine-pro-suffix-dHXYKqh7", "synonyms": [ { "word": "-ḱos" } ], "tags": [ "morpheme", "reconstruction" ] } ], "word": "-kos" }
{ "derived": [ { "sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-ikas", "tags": [ "Lithuanian" ], "word": "-ikas" }, { "sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-ikas", "tags": [ "Lithuanian" ], "word": "-ikis" }, { "english": "see there for further descendants", "sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-ikas", "tags": [ "Proto-Slavic" ], "word": "-ьcь" }, { "roman": "-ikós", "sense": "Proto-Hellenic: *-ikos", "tags": [ "Ancient-Greek" ], "word": "-ικός" }, { "english": "see there for further descendants", "sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-kāˀ", "tags": [ "Proto-Slavic" ], "word": "-ъka" }, { "english": "see there for further descendants", "sense": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-akas, *-ukas", "tags": [ "Proto-Slavic" ], "word": "-ъkъ" }, { "word": ">? Proto-Germanic: *-ingaz" }, { "word": "-ungō" }, { "word": "-ingō" }, { "english": "see there for further descendants", "word": "-engō" } ], "descendants": [ { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ine-bsl-pro", "2": "*-kas" }, "expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-kas", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Proto-Balto-Slavic: *-kas" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "lt", "2": "-ingas" }, "expansion": "Lithuanian: -ingas", "name": "desc" }, { "args": { "1": "with an /n/ infix" }, "expansion": "(with an /n/ infix)", "name": "q" } ], "text": "Lithuanian: -ingas (with an /n/ infix)" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "lv", "2": "-īgs" }, "expansion": "Latvian: -īgs", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Latvian: -īgs" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sla-pro", "2": "*-kъ" }, "expansion": "Proto-Slavic: *-kъ", "name": "desc" }, { "args": {}, "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)", "name": "see desc" } ], "text": "Proto-Slavic: *-kъ (see there for further descendants)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "cel-pro", "2": "*-kos" }, "expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *-kos", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Proto-Celtic: *-kos" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "cel-pro", "2": "*-ākos", "der": "1" }, "expansion": "⇒ Proto-Celtic: *-ākos", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "⇒ Proto-Celtic: *-ākos" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "gem-pro", "2": "*-gaz" }, "expansion": "Proto-Germanic: *-gaz", "name": "desc" }, { "args": {}, "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)", "name": "see desc" } ], "text": "Proto-Germanic: *-gaz (see there for further descendants)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "grk-pro", "2": "*-kos" }, "expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *-kos", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Proto-Hellenic: *-kos" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "grc", "2": "-κός" }, "expansion": "Ancient Greek: -κός (-kós)", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Ancient Greek: -κός (-kós)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "iir-pro", "2": "*-kas" }, "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-kas", "name": "desc" }, { "args": {}, "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)", "name": "see desc" } ], "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *-kas (see there for further descendants)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "itc-pro", "2": "*-kos" }, "expansion": "Proto-Italic: *-kos", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Proto-Italic: *-kos" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "-cus" }, "expansion": "Latin: -cus", "name": "desc" }, { "args": {}, "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)", "name": "see desc" } ], "text": "Latin: -cus (see there for further descendants)" }, { "depth": 3, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "la", "2": "-icus", "der": "1" }, "expansion": "⇒ Latin: -icus", "name": "desc" }, { "args": {}, "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)", "name": "see desc" } ], "text": "⇒ Latin: -icus (see there for further descendants)" }, { "depth": 1, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sqj-pro", "2": "*-ikā" }, "expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *-ikā", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Proto-Albanian: *-ikā" }, { "depth": 2, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sqj-pro", "2": "*-kā" }, "expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *-kā", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "Proto-Albanian: *-kā," }, { "depth": 3, "templates": [ { "args": { "1": "sq", "2": "-kë" }, "expansion": "Albanian: -kë", "name": "desc" } ], "text": "*Albanian: -kë," } ], "forms": [ { "form": "no-table-tags", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "table-tags" ] }, { "form": "ine-decl-adj", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "inflection-template" ] }, { "form": "-kos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-koh₁", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "nominative" ] }, { "form": "-koes", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-ke", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "singular", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "-koh₁", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "-koes", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "plural", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "-kom", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-koh₁", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "-koms", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kosyo", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "genitive" ] }, { "form": "-koHom", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kead", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "ablative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "-komos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-koey", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "-komos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-key", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "locative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-koy", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "locative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "locative" ] }, { "form": "-koysu", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "locative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-koh₁", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "instrumental", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "instrumental" ] }, { "form": "-kōys", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "instrumental", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-keh₂", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-keh₂h₁", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "nominative" ] }, { "form": "-keh₂h₁e", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "nominative" ] }, { "form": "-keh₂es", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-keh₂", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "singular", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "-keh₂h₁", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "-keh₂h₁e", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "-keh₂es", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "plural", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "-kām", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-keh₂h₁", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "-keh₂h₁e", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "-keh₂m̥s", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-keh₂s", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-keh₂oHom", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "genitive", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-keh₂s", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "ablative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-keh₂mos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "ablative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-keh₂ey", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-keh₂mos", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-keh₂", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "locative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-keh₂i", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "locative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-keh₂su", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "locative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-keh₂h₁", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "instrumental", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-keh₂mis", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "instrumental", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kom", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "singular" ] }, { "form": "-koy", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "nominative" ] }, { "form": "-koyh₁", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "nominative" ] }, { "form": "-keh₂", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "nominative", "plural" ] }, { "form": "-kom", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "singular", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "-koy", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "-koyh₁", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "dual", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "-keh₂", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "plural", "vocative" ] }, { "form": "-koy", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "-koyh₁", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "dual" ] }, { "form": "-keh₂", "source": "inflection", "tags": [ "accusative", "plural" ] } ], "head_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "ine-pro", "2": "suffix", "cat2": "adjective-forming suffixes" }, "expansion": "*-kos", "name": "head" } ], "inflection_templates": [ { "args": { "1": "-ko" }, "name": "ine-decl-adj" } ], "lang": "Proto-Indo-European", "lang_code": "ine-pro", "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-kos", "pos": "suffix", "senses": [ { "categories": [ "Proto-Indo-European adjective-forming suffixes", "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header", "Proto-Indo-European lemmas", "Proto-Indo-European suffixes", "Proto-Indo-European thematic adjectives" ], "glosses": [ "Creates deadjectival and desubstantival adjectives denoting the characteristic of, typical of, pertaining to." ], "tags": [ "morpheme", "reconstruction" ] } ], "synonyms": [ { "word": "-ḱos" } ], "word": "-kos" }
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-07-22 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-07-20 using wiktextract (0af6c06 and 6aeea9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.