See -dʰrom in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for -dʰrom meaning in Proto-Indo-European (5.2kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*-tʰron",
"3": "*-tʰrē"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *-tʰron, *-tʰrē",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *-tʰron, *-tʰrē"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-θρον",
"3": "-θρη"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: -θρον (-thron), -θρη (-thrē)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: -θρον (-thron), -θρη (-thrē)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*-ðrom",
"3": "*-ðrā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *-ðrom, *-ðrā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *-ðrom, *-ðrā"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-brum",
"3": "-bra"
},
"expansion": "Latin: -brum, -bra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: -brum, -bra"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-trom"
},
"expansion": "*-trom",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "λέκτρον"
},
"expansion": "λέκτρον (léktron)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*legʰ-",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *legʰ-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Variant of *-trom.\nSometimes hypothesized to have developed from assimilation to a preceding voiced aspirate (compare Bartholomae's law in Indo-Iranian). Sihler describes this as the usual explanation and considers it \"the only remotely plausible\" one if the *t- forms of the suffix are original, but says it is problematic, noting that this form of the suffix is not attested in contexts like Greek λέκτρον (léktron) (from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ-) even though, under this hypothesis, the *-dʰ-initial variants would have originated in words like this.\nBased on the contexts in which it occurs, Olsen 1988 argues that it actually originated from coalescence of a voiceless laryngeal (*h₁ or *h₂) with the following *-t-, initially resulting in a voiceless aspirate, which is proposed to have merged with the outcome of voiced aspirates in the languages in which this allomorph is attested.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-dʰrom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dʰroy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-dʰroyh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-dʰreh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dʰrom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-dʰroy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-dʰroyh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-dʰreh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-dʰrom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dʰroy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-dʰroyh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-dʰreh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dʰrosyo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-dʰroHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dʰread",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-dʰromos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dʰroey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-dʰromos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dʰrey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dʰroy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-dʰroysu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dʰroh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-dʰrōys",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "*-dʰrom n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-dʰro"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-dʰrom",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "*-trom"
}
],
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of *-trom"
],
"id": "en--dʰrom-ine-pro-suffix-LNkYmEAY",
"links": [
[
"*-trom",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-trom"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme",
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-dʰrom"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"2": "*-tʰron",
"3": "*-tʰrē"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *-tʰron, *-tʰrē",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *-tʰron, *-tʰrē"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "-θρον",
"3": "-θρη"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: -θρον (-thron), -θρη (-thrē)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: -θρον (-thron), -θρη (-thrē)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*-ðrom",
"3": "*-ðrā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *-ðrom, *-ðrā",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *-ðrom, *-ðrā"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "-brum",
"3": "-bra"
},
"expansion": "Latin: -brum, -bra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: -brum, -bra"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*-trom"
},
"expansion": "*-trom",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "λέκτρον"
},
"expansion": "λέκτρον (léktron)",
"name": "m"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*legʰ-",
"nocat": "1"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *legʰ-",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Variant of *-trom.\nSometimes hypothesized to have developed from assimilation to a preceding voiced aspirate (compare Bartholomae's law in Indo-Iranian). Sihler describes this as the usual explanation and considers it \"the only remotely plausible\" one if the *t- forms of the suffix are original, but says it is problematic, noting that this form of the suffix is not attested in contexts like Greek λέκτρον (léktron) (from Proto-Indo-European *legʰ-) even though, under this hypothesis, the *-dʰ-initial variants would have originated in words like this.\nBased on the contexts in which it occurs, Olsen 1988 argues that it actually originated from coalescence of a voiceless laryngeal (*h₁ or *h₂) with the following *-t-, initially resulting in a voiceless aspirate, which is proposed to have merged with the outcome of voiced aspirates in the languages in which this allomorph is attested.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "-dʰrom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dʰroy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-dʰroyh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-dʰreh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dʰrom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-dʰroy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-dʰroyh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-dʰreh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-dʰrom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dʰroy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-dʰroyh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-dʰreh₂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dʰrosyo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-dʰroHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dʰread",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-dʰromos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dʰroey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-dʰromos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dʰrey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-dʰroy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-dʰroysu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "-dʰroh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-dʰrōys",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "suffix",
"cat2": "noun-forming suffixes",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "*-dʰrom n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "-dʰro"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-dʰrom",
"pos": "suffix",
"senses": [
{
"alt_of": [
{
"word": "*-trom"
}
],
"categories": [
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European neuter suffixes",
"Proto-Indo-European noun-forming suffixes",
"Proto-Indo-European suffixes",
"Proto-Indo-European thematic neuter o-stem nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"Alternative form of *-trom"
],
"links": [
[
"*-trom",
"Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/-trom"
]
],
"tags": [
"alt-of",
"alternative",
"morpheme",
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "-dʰrom"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-18 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (1d5a7d1 and 304864d). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.