"ḱeḱlówe" meaning in Proto-Indo-European

See ḱeḱlówe in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

Etymology: Reduplicated stative of the root *ḱlew- (“to hear”). Etymology templates: {{root|ine-pro|ine-pro|*ḱlew-}} Head templates: {{head|ine-pro|verb|stative||cat2=stative verbs|head=}} *ḱeḱlówe (stative) Inflection templates: {{ine-conj-stat|ḱeḱlów|ḱeḱlu}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], ḱeḱlówh₂e [first-person, indicative, singular], - [first-person, imperative, singular], ḱeḱléwoh₂ [first-person, singular, subjunctive], ḱeḱluyéh₁m̥ [first-person, optative, singular], ḱeḱlówth₂e [indicative, second-person, singular], ḱeḱlów [imperative, second-person, singular], ḱeḱludʰí [imperative, second-person, singular], ḱeḱléwesi [second-person, singular, subjunctive], ḱeḱluyéh₁s [optative, second-person, singular], ḱeḱlówe [indicative, singular, third-person], ḱeḱlówtu [imperative, singular, third-person], ḱeḱléweti [singular, subjunctive, third-person], ḱeḱluyéh₁t [optative, singular, third-person], ḱeḱluwé [dual, first-person, indicative], - [dual, first-person, imperative], ḱeḱléwowos [dual, first-person, subjunctive], ḱeḱl̥wih₁wé [dual, first-person, optative], - [dual, indicative, second-person], ḱeḱlutóm [dual, imperative, second-person], ḱeḱléwetes [dual, second-person, subjunctive], ḱeḱl̥wih₁tóm [dual, optative, second-person], - [dual, indicative, third-person], ḱeḱlutā́m [dual, imperative, third-person], ḱeḱléwetes [dual, subjunctive, third-person], ḱeḱl̥wih₁tā́m [dual, optative, third-person], ḱeḱlumé [first-person, indicative, plural], - [first-person, imperative, plural], ḱeḱléwomos [first-person, plural, subjunctive], ḱeḱl̥wih₁mé [first-person, optative, plural], ḱeḱl̥wé [indicative, plural, second-person], ḱeḱluté [imperative, plural, second-person], ḱeḱléwete [plural, second-person, subjunctive], ḱeḱl̥wih₁té [optative, plural, second-person], ḱeḱl̥wḗr [indicative, plural, third-person], ḱeḱl̥wéntu [imperative, plural, third-person], ḱeḱléwonti [plural, subjunctive, third-person], ḱeḱl̥wih₁ént [optative, plural, third-person], ḱeḱluwṓs [indicative, participle]
  1. to be heard, audible Wikipedia link: Brill Publishers, Helmut Rix, Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben Tags: reconstruction, stative
    Sense id: en-ḱeḱlówe-ine-pro-verb-Rsqeo7DN Categories (other): Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header, Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *ḱlew-

Download JSON data for ḱeḱlówe meaning in Proto-Indo-European (6.7kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Celtic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-bry-pro",
            "2": "*kiglow"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *kiglow",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Brythonic: *kiglow (preterite of *klüwid)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sga",
            "2": "ro·cúalae"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Irish: ro·cúalae",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Irish: ro·cúalae"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ga",
            "2": "chuala"
          },
          "expansion": "Irish: chuala",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Irish: chuala"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": "*ćućrā́wa"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćućrā́wa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćućrā́wa"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-pro",
            "2": "*śuśrā́wa"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śuśrā́wa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śuśrā́wa"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "शुश्राव",
            "tr": "śuśrā́va"
          },
          "expansion": "Sanskrit: शुश्राव (śuśrā́va)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sanskrit: शुश्राव (śuśrā́va)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ira-pro",
            "2": "*cucrā́wa"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *cucrā́wa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Iranian: *cucrā́wa"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ae",
            "2": "𐬯𐬏𐬯𐬭𐬏𐬨𐬀"
          },
          "expansion": "Avestan: 𐬯𐬏𐬯𐬭𐬏𐬨𐬀 (sūsrūma)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Avestan: 𐬯𐬏𐬯𐬭𐬏𐬨𐬀 (sūsrūma)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ḱlew-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Reduplicated stative of the root *ḱlew- (“to hear”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ine-conj-stat",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱlówh₂e",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱléwoh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱluyéh₁m̥",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "optative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱlówth₂e",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱlów",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱludʰí",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱléwesi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱluyéh₁s",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "optative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱlówe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱlówtu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱléweti",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱluyéh₁t",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "optative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱluwé",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱléwowos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱl̥wih₁wé",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "optative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱlutóm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱléwetes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱl̥wih₁tóm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "optative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱlutā́m",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱléwetes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱl̥wih₁tā́m",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "optative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱlumé",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱléwomos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱl̥wih₁mé",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "optative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱl̥wé",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱluté",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱléwete",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱl̥wih₁té",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "optative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱl̥wḗr",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱl̥wéntu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱléwonti",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱl̥wih₁ént",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "optative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱluwṓs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "participle"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "verb",
        "3": "stative",
        "4": "",
        "cat2": "stative verbs",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "*ḱeḱlówe (stative)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ḱeḱlów",
        "2": "ḱeḱlu"
      },
      "name": "ine-conj-stat"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
  "lang_code": "ine-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱeḱlówe",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *ḱlew-",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be heard, audible"
      ],
      "id": "en-ḱeḱlówe-ine-pro-verb-Rsqeo7DN",
      "links": [
        [
          "heard",
          "heard"
        ],
        [
          "audible",
          "audible"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction",
        "stative"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers",
        "Helmut Rix",
        "Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "ḱeḱlówe"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [],
      "text": "Celtic:"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "cel-bry-pro",
            "2": "*kiglow"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *kiglow",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Brythonic: *kiglow (preterite of *klüwid)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sga",
            "2": "ro·cúalae"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Irish: ro·cúalae",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Irish: ro·cúalae"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ga",
            "2": "chuala"
          },
          "expansion": "Irish: chuala",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Irish: chuala"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "iir-pro",
            "2": "*ćućrā́wa"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćućrā́wa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ćućrā́wa"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "inc-pro",
            "2": "*śuśrā́wa"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śuśrā́wa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *śuśrā́wa"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sa",
            "2": "शुश्राव",
            "tr": "śuśrā́va"
          },
          "expansion": "Sanskrit: शुश्राव (śuśrā́va)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Sanskrit: शुश्राव (śuśrā́va)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ira-pro",
            "2": "*cucrā́wa"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Iranian: *cucrā́wa",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Iranian: *cucrā́wa"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ae",
            "2": "𐬯𐬏𐬯𐬭𐬏𐬨𐬀"
          },
          "expansion": "Avestan: 𐬯𐬏𐬯𐬭𐬏𐬨𐬀 (sūsrūma)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Avestan: 𐬯𐬏𐬯𐬭𐬏𐬨𐬀 (sūsrūma)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*ḱlew-"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Reduplicated stative of the root *ḱlew- (“to hear”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ine-conj-stat",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱlówh₂e",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱléwoh₂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱluyéh₁m̥",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "optative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱlówth₂e",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱlów",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱludʰí",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱléwesi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱluyéh₁s",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "optative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱlówe",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱlówtu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱléweti",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱluyéh₁t",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "optative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱluwé",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱléwowos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱl̥wih₁wé",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "optative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱlutóm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱléwetes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱl̥wih₁tóm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "optative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱlutā́m",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱléwetes",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱl̥wih₁tā́m",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "optative",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱlumé",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱléwomos",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱl̥wih₁mé",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "optative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱl̥wé",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱluté",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱléwete",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱl̥wih₁té",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "optative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱl̥wḗr",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱl̥wéntu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱléwonti",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱl̥wih₁ént",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "optative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "ḱeḱluwṓs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "participle"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "verb",
        "3": "stative",
        "4": "",
        "cat2": "stative verbs",
        "head": ""
      },
      "expansion": "*ḱeḱlówe (stative)",
      "name": "head"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ḱeḱlów",
        "2": "ḱeḱlu"
      },
      "name": "ine-conj-stat"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
  "lang_code": "ine-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ḱeḱlówe",
  "pos": "verb",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
        "Proto-Indo-European reduplicated root perfect verbs",
        "Proto-Indo-European stative verbs",
        "Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *ḱlew-",
        "Proto-Indo-European verbs",
        "ine-pro:Hearing"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to be heard, audible"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "heard",
          "heard"
        ],
        [
          "audible",
          "audible"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction",
        "stative"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers",
        "Helmut Rix",
        "Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "word": "ḱeḱlówe"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.