See ǵʰórtos in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*gortos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *gortos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *gortos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "gort"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: gort",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: gort"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Irish: gort (“wheatfield”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*gorθ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *gorθ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *gorθ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "obt",
"2": "orth"
},
"expansion": "Old Breton: orth",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Breton: orth"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "gorth"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: gorth",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: gorth"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "garth",
"gloss": "hill, enclosure"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: garth (“hill, enclosure”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: garth (“hill, enclosure”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χόρτος",
"gloss": "farmyard"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: χόρτος (khórtos, “farmyard”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: χόρτος (khórtos, “farmyard”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*hortos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *hortos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *hortos (< earlier *xortos)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "hortus",
"gloss": "garden"
},
"expansion": "Latin: hortus (“garden”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: hortus (“garden”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "𐌇𐌞𐌓𐌆"
},
"expansion": "Oscan: 𐌇𐌞𐌓𐌆 (húrz)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Oscan: 𐌇𐌞𐌓𐌆 (húrz)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: (possibly)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "kerccī",
"t": "palace"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: kerccī (“palace”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: kerccī (“palace”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰer-",
"id": "enclose"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *ǵʰer- (“to enclose”). Alternatively, Matasović proposes that this is instead from a neo-root derived from a root noun *gʰṓrdʰ-s (root *gʰerdʰ- (“to enclose”), genitive *gʰr̥dʰ-ós, where the root-final consonant would devoice to -t- in the nominative singular. Whether the initial consonant was a palatovelar cannot be ascertained, since reflexes of *ǵʰórtos are only securely attested in centum languages.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "non-ablauting",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰórtos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰórtoh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰórtoes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰórte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰórtoh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰórtoes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰórtom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰórtoh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰórtoms",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰórtosyo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰórtoHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰórtead",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰórtomos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰórtobʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰórtoey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰórtomos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰórtobʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰórtey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰórtoy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰórtoysu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰórtoh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰórtōys",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "non-ablauting",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "-",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*ǵʰórtos m (non-ablauting)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ǵʰórto"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰórtos",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *ǵʰer- (enclose)",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"enclosure"
],
"id": "en-ǵʰórtos-ine-pro-noun-le~sxbl9",
"links": [
[
"enclosure",
"enclosure"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ǵʰórtos"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*gortos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic: *gortos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Celtic: *gortos"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "gort"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish: gort",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Irish: gort"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [],
"text": "Irish: gort (“wheatfield”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-bry-pro",
"2": "*gorθ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Brythonic: *gorθ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Brythonic: *gorθ"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "obt",
"2": "orth"
},
"expansion": "Old Breton: orth",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Breton: orth"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "kw",
"2": "gorth"
},
"expansion": "Cornish: gorth",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cornish: gorth"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "garth",
"gloss": "hill, enclosure"
},
"expansion": "Welsh: garth (“hill, enclosure”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Welsh: garth (“hill, enclosure”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "Hellenic:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χόρτος",
"gloss": "farmyard"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: χόρτος (khórtos, “farmyard”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: χόρτος (khórtos, “farmyard”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "itc-pro",
"2": "*hortos"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Italic: *hortos",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Italic: *hortos (< earlier *xortos)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "hortus",
"gloss": "garden"
},
"expansion": "Latin: hortus (“garden”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Latin: hortus (“garden”)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osc",
"2": "𐌇𐌞𐌓𐌆"
},
"expansion": "Oscan: 𐌇𐌞𐌓𐌆 (húrz)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Oscan: 𐌇𐌞𐌓𐌆 (húrz)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-toc-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Tocharian:",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "possibly"
},
"expansion": "(possibly)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Tocharian: (possibly)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "txb",
"2": "kerccī",
"t": "palace"
},
"expansion": "Tocharian B: kerccī (“palace”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Tocharian B: kerccī (“palace”)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰer-",
"id": "enclose"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *ǵʰer- (“to enclose”). Alternatively, Matasović proposes that this is instead from a neo-root derived from a root noun *gʰṓrdʰ-s (root *gʰerdʰ- (“to enclose”), genitive *gʰr̥dʰ-ós, where the root-final consonant would devoice to -t- in the nominative singular. Whether the initial consonant was a palatovelar cannot be ascertained, since reflexes of *ǵʰórtos are only securely attested in centum languages.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "non-ablauting",
"tags": [
"romanization"
]
},
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-mf",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰórtos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰórtoh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰórtoes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰórte",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰórtoh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰórtoes",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰórtom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰórtoh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰórtoms",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰórtosyo",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰórtoHom",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰórtead",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰórtomos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰórtobʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰórtoey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰórtomos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰórtobʰos",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰórtey",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰórtoy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰórtoysu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰórtoh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰórtōys",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "non-ablauting",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "-",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "m",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*ǵʰórtos m (non-ablauting)",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ǵʰórto"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-mf"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰórtos",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European masculine nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *ǵʰer- (enclose)",
"Proto-Indo-European thematic o-stem nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"enclosure"
],
"links": [
[
"enclosure",
"enclosure"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "ǵʰórtos"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ǵʰórtos meaning in Proto-Indo-European (6.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-03 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (05fdf6b and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.