See ǵʰéymn̥ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for ǵʰéymn̥ meaning in Proto-Indo-European (8.3kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒄀𒈠𒀭",
"3": "𒄀𒅎𒈪",
"pos1": "acc.sg.",
"pos2": "dat.loc.sg.",
"qq1": "< acc.sg. *ǵʰimn̥",
"qq2": "< loc.sg. *ǵʰimni",
"t1": "the winter",
"t2": "in the winter",
"tr1": "gi-ma-an",
"tr2": "gi-im-mi",
"ts1": "giman",
"ts2": "gimmi"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒄀𒈠𒀭 (gi-ma-an /giman/, “the winter”, acc.sg.) (< acc.sg. *ǵʰimn̥), 𒄀𒅎𒈪 (gi-im-mi /gimmi/, “in the winter”, dat.loc.sg.) (< loc.sg. *ǵʰimni)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒄀𒈠𒀭 (gi-ma-an /giman/, “the winter”, acc.sg.) (< acc.sg. *ǵʰimn̥), 𒄀𒅎𒈪 (gi-im-mi /gimmi/, “in the winter”, dat.loc.sg.) (< loc.sg. *ǵʰimni)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"alt1": "*deimena",
"alt2": "*dimena"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *deimena, *dimena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *deimena, *dimena"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "dimër",
"3": "dimën",
"t2": "winter"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: dimër, dimën (“winter”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: dimër, dimën (“winter”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"alt1": "*kʰéimə",
"alt2": "*kʰeimṓn",
"qq1": "< nom.sg. *ǵʰéymn̥)",
"qq2": "< nom.col. *ǵʰéymō)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʰéimə (< nom.sg. *ǵʰéymn̥)), *kʰeimṓn (< nom.col. *ǵʰéymō))",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʰéimə (< nom.sg. *ǵʰéymn̥)), *kʰeimṓn (< nom.col. *ǵʰéymō))"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χεῖμα",
"3": "χειμών",
"t2": "winter"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: χεῖμα (kheîma), χειμών (kheimṓn, “winter”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: χεῖμα (kheîma), χειμών (kheimṓn, “winter”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́ʰáyma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰáyma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰáyma"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"alt": "*źʰáyma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰáyma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰáyma"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "हेमन्",
"pos": "loc.sg.",
"t": "in the winter",
"tr": "héman"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: हेमन् (héman, “in the winter”, loc.sg.)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: हेमन् (héman, “in the winter”, loc.sg.) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "हेमन्त",
"der": "1",
"tr": "hemantá"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Sanskrit: हेमन्त (hemantá)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Sanskrit: हेमन्त (hemantá) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰey-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ǵʰey-",
"3": "*-mn̥",
"pos2": "action or result suffix",
"t1": "winter"
},
"expansion": "*ǵʰey- (“winter”) + *-mn̥ (action or result suffix)",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "May be analysed as a primary derivative *ǵʰey- (“winter”) + *-mn̥ (action or result suffix), but this is unlikely as all derivatives in daughter languages are based on *ǵʰéy-ōm. Thus other possiblilties listed by NIL and Ozoliņš (2015) are:\n* *ǵʰéy-ōm + *-mn̥ (secondary men-stem),\n* *ǵʰéy-ōm + *-n̥ (secondary n-stem),\n* *ǵʰéy-ōm + *-r̥ (secondary r/n-stem),\n* *ǵʰéy-m (loc.sg.) + *én (“in”), a postpositional phrase meaning \"in winter\", reanalysed as *ǵʰéy-men, the loc.sg. of a men-stem.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰéymn̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰéym̥nih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰéymō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰéymn̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰéym̥nih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰéymō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰéymn̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰéym̥nih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰéymō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"collective"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰiméns",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰym̥nés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰiméns",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰym̥nés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"collective"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰiméney",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰym̥néy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"dative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰimén",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰiméni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰimén",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰiméni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰiménh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰym̥néh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"instrumental"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*ǵʰéymn̥ n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ǵʰéymn̥",
"2": "ǵʰimén",
"ac": "proterokinetic",
"coll": "ǵʰéymon",
"coll2": "ǵʰimn̥",
"coll_loc": "ǵʰimén",
"n": "sd"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰéymn̥",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "German quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *ǵʰey-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-mn̥",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Undetermined quotations with omitted translation",
"parents": [
"Quotations with omitted translation",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"winter"
],
"id": "en-ǵʰéymn̥-ine-pro-noun-MMVGH8J7",
"links": [
[
"winter",
"winter"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme",
"Vladimir Orel"
]
}
],
"word": "ǵʰéymn̥"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-ana-pro"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Anatolian:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Anatolian:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "hit",
"2": "𒄀𒈠𒀭",
"3": "𒄀𒅎𒈪",
"pos1": "acc.sg.",
"pos2": "dat.loc.sg.",
"qq1": "< acc.sg. *ǵʰimn̥",
"qq2": "< loc.sg. *ǵʰimni",
"t1": "the winter",
"t2": "in the winter",
"tr1": "gi-ma-an",
"tr2": "gi-im-mi",
"ts1": "giman",
"ts2": "gimmi"
},
"expansion": "Hittite: 𒄀𒈠𒀭 (gi-ma-an /giman/, “the winter”, acc.sg.) (< acc.sg. *ǵʰimn̥), 𒄀𒅎𒈪 (gi-im-mi /gimmi/, “in the winter”, dat.loc.sg.) (< loc.sg. *ǵʰimni)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Hittite: 𒄀𒈠𒀭 (gi-ma-an /giman/, “the winter”, acc.sg.) (< acc.sg. *ǵʰimn̥), 𒄀𒅎𒈪 (gi-im-mi /gimmi/, “in the winter”, dat.loc.sg.) (< loc.sg. *ǵʰimni)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sqj-pro",
"alt1": "*deimena",
"alt2": "*dimena"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Albanian: *deimena, *dimena",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Albanian: *deimena, *dimena"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "dimër",
"3": "dimën",
"t2": "winter"
},
"expansion": "Albanian: dimër, dimën (“winter”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Albanian: dimër, dimën (“winter”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grk-pro",
"alt1": "*kʰéimə",
"alt2": "*kʰeimṓn",
"qq1": "< nom.sg. *ǵʰéymn̥)",
"qq2": "< nom.col. *ǵʰéymō)"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʰéimə (< nom.sg. *ǵʰéymn̥)), *kʰeimṓn (< nom.col. *ǵʰéymō))",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Hellenic: *kʰéimə (< nom.sg. *ǵʰéymn̥)), *kʰeimṓn (< nom.col. *ǵʰéymō))"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "χεῖμα",
"3": "χειμών",
"t2": "winter"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek: χεῖμα (kheîma), χειμών (kheimṓn, “winter”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Ancient Greek: χεῖμα (kheîma), χειμών (kheimṓn, “winter”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*ȷ́ʰáyma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰáyma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Iranian: *ȷ́ʰáyma"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "inc-pro",
"alt": "*źʰáyma"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰáyma",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Indo-Aryan: *źʰáyma"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "हेमन्",
"pos": "loc.sg.",
"t": "in the winter",
"tr": "héman"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit: हेमन् (héman, “in the winter”, loc.sg.)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "Sanskrit: हेमन् (héman, “in the winter”, loc.sg.) (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "हेमन्त",
"der": "1",
"tr": "hemantá"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Sanskrit: हेमन्त (hemantá)",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Sanskrit: हेमन्त (hemantá) (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰey-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ǵʰey-",
"3": "*-mn̥",
"pos2": "action or result suffix",
"t1": "winter"
},
"expansion": "*ǵʰey- (“winter”) + *-mn̥ (action or result suffix)",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "May be analysed as a primary derivative *ǵʰey- (“winter”) + *-mn̥ (action or result suffix), but this is unlikely as all derivatives in daughter languages are based on *ǵʰéy-ōm. Thus other possiblilties listed by NIL and Ozoliņš (2015) are:\n* *ǵʰéy-ōm + *-mn̥ (secondary men-stem),\n* *ǵʰéy-ōm + *-n̥ (secondary n-stem),\n* *ǵʰéy-ōm + *-r̥ (secondary r/n-stem),\n* *ǵʰéy-m (loc.sg.) + *én (“in”), a postpositional phrase meaning \"in winter\", reanalysed as *ǵʰéy-men, the loc.sg. of a men-stem.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰéymn̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰéym̥nih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰéymō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰéymn̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰéym̥nih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰéymō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰéymn̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰéym̥nih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰéymō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"collective"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰiméns",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰym̥nés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰiméns",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰym̥nés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"collective"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰiméney",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰym̥néy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"dative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰimén",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰiméni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰimén",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰiméni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰiménh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰym̥néh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"instrumental"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*ǵʰéymn̥ n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ǵʰéymn̥",
"2": "ǵʰimén",
"ac": "proterokinetic",
"coll": "ǵʰéymon",
"coll2": "ǵʰimn̥",
"coll_loc": "ǵʰimén",
"n": "sd"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰéymn̥",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"German quotations with omitted translation",
"German terms with quotations",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European neuter nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European proterokinetic neuter men-stem nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *ǵʰey-",
"Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-mn̥",
"Undetermined quotations with omitted translation",
"Undetermined terms with quotations"
],
"glosses": [
"winter"
],
"links": [
[
"winter",
"winter"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme",
"Vladimir Orel"
]
}
],
"word": "ǵʰéymn̥"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-04 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (e9e0a99 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.