See ǵʰéymn̥ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Hittite",
"lang_code": "hit",
"raw_tags": [
"< acc.sg. *ǵʰimn̥"
],
"roman": "gi-ma-an",
"sense": "the winter",
"word": "𒄀𒈠𒀭"
},
{
"lang": "Hittite",
"lang_code": "hit",
"raw_tags": [
"< loc.sg. *ǵʰimni"
],
"roman": "gi-im-mi",
"sense": "in the winter",
"word": "𒄀𒅎𒈪"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Anatolian",
"lang_code": "ine-ana-pro"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"word": "dimër"
},
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "winter",
"word": "dimën"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Albanian",
"lang_code": "sqj-pro",
"word": "*deimena"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"word": "dimër"
},
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "winter",
"word": "dimën"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Albanian",
"lang_code": "sqj-pro",
"word": "*dimena"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "kheîma",
"word": "χεῖμα"
},
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "kheimṓn",
"sense": "winter",
"word": "χειμών"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"< nom.sg. *ǵʰéymn̥"
],
"word": "*kʰéimə"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "kheîma",
"word": "χεῖμα"
},
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "kheimṓn",
"sense": "winter",
"word": "χειμών"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"< nom.col. *ǵʰéymō"
],
"word": "*kʰeimṓn"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "hemantá",
"word": "हेमन्त"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "héman",
"sense": "in the winter",
"word": "हेमन्"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*źʰáyma"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*ȷ́ʰáyma"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰey-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ǵʰey-",
"3": "*-mn̥",
"pos2": "action or result suffix",
"t1": "winter"
},
"expansion": "*ǵʰey- (“winter”) + *-mn̥ (action or result suffix)",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "May be analysed as a primary derivative *ǵʰey- (“winter”) + *-mn̥ (action or result suffix), but this is unlikely as all derivatives in daughter languages are based on *ǵʰéy-ōm. Thus other possiblilties listed by NIL and Ozoliņš (2015) are:\n* *ǵʰéy-ōm + *-mn̥ (secondary men-stem),\n* *ǵʰéy-ōm + *-n̥ (secondary n-stem),\n* *ǵʰéy-ōm + *-r̥ (secondary r/n-stem),\n* *ǵʰéy-m (loc.sg.) + *én (“in”), a postpositional phrase meaning \"in winter\", reanalysed as *ǵʰéy-men, the loc.sg. of a men-stem.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰéymn̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰéym̥nih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰéymō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰéymn̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰéym̥nih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰéymō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰéymn̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰéym̥nih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰéymō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"collective"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰiméns",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰym̥nés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰiméns",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰym̥nés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"collective"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰiméney",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰym̥néy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"dative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰimén",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰiméni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰimén",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰiméni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰiménh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰym̥néh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"instrumental"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*ǵʰéymn̥ n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ǵʰéymn̥",
"2": "ǵʰimén",
"ac": "proterokinetic",
"coll": "ǵʰéymon",
"coll2": "ǵʰimn̥",
"coll_loc": "ǵʰimén",
"n": "sd"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰéymn̥",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *ǵʰey-",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-mn̥",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"winter"
],
"id": "en-ǵʰéymn̥-ine-pro-noun-MMVGH8J7",
"links": [
[
"winter",
"winter"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme"
]
}
],
"word": "ǵʰéymn̥"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Hittite",
"lang_code": "hit",
"raw_tags": [
"< acc.sg. *ǵʰimn̥"
],
"roman": "gi-ma-an",
"sense": "the winter",
"word": "𒄀𒈠𒀭"
},
{
"lang": "Hittite",
"lang_code": "hit",
"raw_tags": [
"< loc.sg. *ǵʰimni"
],
"roman": "gi-im-mi",
"sense": "in the winter",
"word": "𒄀𒅎𒈪"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Anatolian",
"lang_code": "ine-ana-pro"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"word": "dimër"
},
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "winter",
"word": "dimën"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Albanian",
"lang_code": "sqj-pro",
"word": "*deimena"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"word": "dimër"
},
{
"lang": "Albanian",
"lang_code": "sq",
"sense": "winter",
"word": "dimën"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Albanian",
"lang_code": "sqj-pro",
"word": "*dimena"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "kheîma",
"word": "χεῖμα"
},
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "kheimṓn",
"sense": "winter",
"word": "χειμών"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"< nom.sg. *ǵʰéymn̥"
],
"word": "*kʰéimə"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "kheîma",
"word": "χεῖμα"
},
{
"lang": "Ancient Greek",
"lang_code": "grc",
"roman": "kheimṓn",
"sense": "winter",
"word": "χειμών"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Hellenic",
"lang_code": "grk-pro",
"raw_tags": [
"< nom.col. *ǵʰéymō"
],
"word": "*kʰeimṓn"
},
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"descendants": [
{
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"raw_tags": [
"reshaped by analogy or addition of morphemes"
],
"roman": "hemantá",
"word": "हेमन्त"
}
],
"lang": "Sanskrit",
"lang_code": "sa",
"roman": "héman",
"sense": "in the winter",
"word": "हेमन्"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Aryan",
"lang_code": "inc-pro",
"word": "*źʰáyma"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-Iranian",
"lang_code": "iir-pro",
"word": "*ȷ́ʰáyma"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵʰey-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*ǵʰey-",
"3": "*-mn̥",
"pos2": "action or result suffix",
"t1": "winter"
},
"expansion": "*ǵʰey- (“winter”) + *-mn̥ (action or result suffix)",
"name": "suf"
}
],
"etymology_text": "May be analysed as a primary derivative *ǵʰey- (“winter”) + *-mn̥ (action or result suffix), but this is unlikely as all derivatives in daughter languages are based on *ǵʰéy-ōm. Thus other possiblilties listed by NIL and Ozoliņš (2015) are:\n* *ǵʰéy-ōm + *-mn̥ (secondary men-stem),\n* *ǵʰéy-ōm + *-n̥ (secondary n-stem),\n* *ǵʰéy-ōm + *-r̥ (secondary r/n-stem),\n* *ǵʰéy-m (loc.sg.) + *én (“in”), a postpositional phrase meaning \"in winter\", reanalysed as *ǵʰéy-men, the loc.sg. of a men-stem.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "ine-decl-noun-n",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰéymn̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰéym̥nih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰéymō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"nominative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰéymn̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰéym̥nih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰéymō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰéymn̥",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰéym̥nih₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰéymō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"collective"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰiméns",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰym̥nés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"genitive"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰiméns",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰym̥nés",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"ablative",
"collective"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰiméney",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"dual"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰym̥néy",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"dative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰimén",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰiméni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"locative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰimén",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰiméni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"locative"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰiménh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dual",
"instrumental"
]
},
{
"form": "-",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "ǵʰym̥néh₁",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"collective",
"instrumental"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "noun",
"3": "",
"4": "",
"5": "",
"6": "",
"f2nolink": "1",
"g": "n",
"g2": "",
"g3": "",
"head": "",
"head2": "",
"head3": "",
"head4": "",
"head5": ""
},
"expansion": "*ǵʰéymn̥ n",
"name": "head"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ǵʰéymn̥",
"2": "ǵʰimén",
"ac": "proterokinetic",
"coll": "ǵʰéymon",
"coll2": "ǵʰimn̥",
"coll_loc": "ǵʰimén",
"n": "sd"
},
"name": "ine-decl-noun-n"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Indo-European",
"lang_code": "ine-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Indo-European/ǵʰéymn̥",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Indo-European entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Indo-European lemmas",
"Proto-Indo-European neuter nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European proterokinetic neuter men-stem nouns",
"Proto-Indo-European terms belonging to the root *ǵʰey-",
"Proto-Indo-European terms suffixed with *-mn̥"
],
"glosses": [
"winter"
],
"links": [
[
"winter",
"winter"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Lexikon der indogermanischen Partikeln und Pronominalstämme"
]
}
],
"word": "ǵʰéymn̥"
}
Download raw JSONL data for ǵʰéymn̥ meaning in Proto-Indo-European (6.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Indo-European dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-08-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-08-23 using wiktextract (ffdbfc3 and b9346a0). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.