See wundō in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*wundu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *wundu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *wundu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wund"
},
"expansion": "Old English: wund\nMiddle English: wund, wonde, wound\nEnglish: wound\nScots: wond, wound",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: wund\nMiddle English: wund, wonde, wound\nEnglish: wound\nScots: wond, wound"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "wunde",
"3": "unde"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: wunde, unde",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: wunde, unde"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Wuunde"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Wuunde",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Wuunde"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "wûne"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: wûne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: wûne"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "wunda"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: wunda\nMiddle Low German: wunde\nGerman Low German: Wunn",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: wunda\nMiddle Low German: wunde\nGerman Low German: Wunn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "wunda"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: wunda\nMiddle Dutch: wunde, wonde\nDutch: wond, (Belgium) wonde\nAfrikaans: wond\nNegerhollands: wond\nLimburgish: wónj",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: wunda\nMiddle Dutch: wunde, wonde\nDutch: wond, (Belgium) wonde\nAfrikaans: wond\nNegerhollands: wond\nLimburgish: wónj"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "wunta"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: wunta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: wunta"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "wunde"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: wunde",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: wunde"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "bunta"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian: bunta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cimbrian: bunta"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Wunde"
},
"expansion": "German: Wunde",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Wunde"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Wonn"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: Wonn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: Wonn"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "וווּנד"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish: וווּנד (vund)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yiddish: וווּנד (vund)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "*ᚹᚢᛞᚢ",
"ts": "wundu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: *ᚹᚢᛞᚢ (*wudu /wundu/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: *ᚹᚢᛞᚢ (*wudu /wundu/)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "und"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: und",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: und"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "und"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: und",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: und"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "und"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: und",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: und"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "vunde"
},
"expansion": "Danish: vunde",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "influenced by Low German"
},
"expansion": "(influenced by Low German)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Danish: vunde (influenced by Low German)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "*𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: *𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰 (*wunda)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: *𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰 (*wunda) (attested in compound 𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌿𐍆𐌽𐌹 (wundufni))"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*wn̥-tó-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wn̥-tó-s",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ymwan",
"t": "to battle"
},
"expansion": "Welsh ymwan (“to battle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "վանդեմ",
"t": "to destroy"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian վանդեմ (vandem, “to destroy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂wn̥tós",
"4": "",
"5": "wounded"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂wn̥tós (“wounded”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂wen-",
"4": "",
"5": "to strike, injure, hurt"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂wen- (“to strike, injure, hurt”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Nominal formation from *wundaz (“wounded”), from Proto-Indo-European *wn̥-tó-s, from a root *wen- (“to strive, toil, win”), invoking a sense of \"toiled (in battle)\". Kroonen considers the word related to *winnaną (“idem”), while Orel compares Welsh ymwan (“to battle”) and perhaps Old Armenian վանդեմ (vandem, “to destroy”). It is possible that all these terms are related to each other, as well.\nOlder theories derive the word from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wn̥tós (“wounded”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wen- (“to strike, injure, hurt”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "wundō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wundôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wundō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "wundôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "wundǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wundōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wundōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wundǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wundōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wundōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wundō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wundōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wundō",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "haubidawundō"
},
{
"word": "haubudawundō"
},
{
"word": "wundōną"
}
],
"glosses": [
"wound"
],
"id": "en-wundō-gem-pro-noun-iTZKCnaZ",
"links": [
[
"wound",
"wound"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "wanjō"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic: *wund",
"tags": [
"Old-English"
],
"word": "wund"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic: *wund; Old Saxon",
"word": "wund"
},
{
"sense": "Middle High German: wunt",
"tags": [
"German"
],
"word": "wund"
},
{
"roman": "haubiþwunds",
"sense": "*wundaz (“wounded”)",
"word": "⇒ Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌸𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍃"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwun.dɔː/"
}
],
"word": "wundō"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "haubidawundō"
},
{
"word": "haubudawundō"
},
{
"word": "wundōną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*wundu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *wundu",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *wundu"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "wund"
},
"expansion": "Old English: wund\nMiddle English: wund, wonde, wound\nEnglish: wound\nScots: wond, wound",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: wund\nMiddle English: wund, wonde, wound\nEnglish: wound\nScots: wond, wound"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "wunde",
"3": "unde"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: wunde, unde",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: wunde, unde"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Wuunde"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Wuunde",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Wuunde"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "wûne"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: wûne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: wûne"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "wunda"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: wunda\nMiddle Low German: wunde\nGerman Low German: Wunn",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: wunda\nMiddle Low German: wunde\nGerman Low German: Wunn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "wunda"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: wunda\nMiddle Dutch: wunde, wonde\nDutch: wond, (Belgium) wonde\nAfrikaans: wond\nNegerhollands: wond\nLimburgish: wónj",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: wunda\nMiddle Dutch: wunde, wonde\nDutch: wond, (Belgium) wonde\nAfrikaans: wond\nNegerhollands: wond\nLimburgish: wónj"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "wunta"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: wunta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: wunta"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "wunde"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: wunde",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: wunde"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "cim",
"2": "bunta"
},
"expansion": "Cimbrian: bunta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Cimbrian: bunta"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Wunde"
},
"expansion": "German: Wunde",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Wunde"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lb",
"2": "Wonn"
},
"expansion": "Luxembourgish: Wonn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Luxembourgish: Wonn"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "yi",
"2": "וווּנד"
},
"expansion": "Yiddish: וווּנד (vund)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Yiddish: וווּנד (vund)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "*ᚹᚢᛞᚢ",
"ts": "wundu"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: *ᚹᚢᛞᚢ (*wudu /wundu/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: *ᚹᚢᛞᚢ (*wudu /wundu/)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "und"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: und",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: und"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "und"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: und",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: und"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "und"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: und",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: und"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "vunde"
},
"expansion": "Danish: vunde",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "influenced by Low German"
},
"expansion": "(influenced by Low German)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Danish: vunde (influenced by Low German)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "*𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: *𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰 (*wunda)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: *𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌰 (*wunda) (attested in compound 𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌳𐌿𐍆𐌽𐌹 (wundufni))"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*wn̥-tó-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wn̥-tó-s",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "ymwan",
"t": "to battle"
},
"expansion": "Welsh ymwan (“to battle”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xcl",
"2": "վանդեմ",
"t": "to destroy"
},
"expansion": "Old Armenian վանդեմ (vandem, “to destroy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂wn̥tós",
"4": "",
"5": "wounded"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂wn̥tós (“wounded”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂wen-",
"4": "",
"5": "to strike, injure, hurt"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂wen- (“to strike, injure, hurt”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Nominal formation from *wundaz (“wounded”), from Proto-Indo-European *wn̥-tó-s, from a root *wen- (“to strive, toil, win”), invoking a sense of \"toiled (in battle)\". Kroonen considers the word related to *winnaną (“idem”), while Orel compares Welsh ymwan (“to battle”) and perhaps Old Armenian վանդեմ (vandem, “to destroy”). It is possible that all these terms are related to each other, as well.\nOlder theories derive the word from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wn̥tós (“wounded”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₂wen- (“to strike, injure, hurt”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "wundō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wundôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wundō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "wundôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "wundǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wundōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wundōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wundǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wundōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wundōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "wundō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "wundōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/wundō",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "wanjō"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic: *wund",
"tags": [
"Old-English"
],
"word": "wund"
},
{
"sense": "Proto-West Germanic: *wund; Old Saxon",
"word": "wund"
},
{
"sense": "Middle High German: wunt",
"tags": [
"German"
],
"word": "wund"
},
{
"roman": "haubiþwunds",
"sense": "*wundaz (“wounded”)",
"word": "⇒ Gothic: 𐌷𐌰𐌿𐌱𐌹𐌸𐍅𐌿𐌽𐌳𐍃"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic ō-stem nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"wound"
],
"links": [
[
"wound",
"wound"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwun.dɔː/"
}
],
"word": "wundō"
}
Download raw JSONL data for wundō meaning in Proto-Germanic (7.3kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-08 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-02 using wiktextract (f90d964 and 9dbd323). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.