See winidaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0",
"word": "winidiskaz"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*winid",
"3": "*winiþ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *winid, *winiþ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *winid, *winiþ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "Wined"
},
"expansion": "Old English: Wined",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: Wined"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "Winoth"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: Winoth",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: Winoth"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "Wēnt",
"3": "Went"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: Wēnt, Went",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: Wēnt, Went"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Wende",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Wende",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Wende"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Wend",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: Wend",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: Wend"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "winid"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: winid",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: winid"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "wint",
"3": "winde"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: wint, winde",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: wint, winde"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Winde",
"qq": "restricted to the sense “Slovene”"
},
"expansion": "German: Winde (restricted to the sense “Slovene”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Winde (restricted to the sense “Slovene”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "vindr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: vindr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: vindr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "Vindur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: Vindur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: Vindur"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*venät",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *venät",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *venät"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "vene"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: vene",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: vene"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "Venäjä",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Finnish: Venäjä",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Finnish: Venäjä"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wenh₁-",
"4": "",
"5": "to love, desire"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to love, desire”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*winiz",
"3": "",
"4": "friend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *winiz (“friend”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Venetī"
},
"expansion": "Latin Venetī",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the name of the “Vistula Veneti” or “Baltic Veneti”, one of at least three ancient tribal groupings going by the name *Wenet-. What kind of tribe this was is unknown. It may have been Proto-Balto-Slavic. Another theory postulates that it was Germanic and its name came to be assigned to the Slavs who repopulated their territory during the Migration Period. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to love, desire”). Compare Proto-Germanic *winiz (“friend”) and Latin Venetī.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "winidaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "winidōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "winidōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "winid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "winidōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "winidōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "winidą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "winidanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "winidas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "winidis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "winidǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "winidai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "winidamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "winidō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "winidamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "*winiþaz",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/winidaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "76 24",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "90 10",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "81 19",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"a member of the “Baltic Veneti” (tribe of unknown affiliation)"
],
"id": "en-winidaz-gem-pro-noun-88ppcGw-",
"qualifier": "early",
"raw_glosses": [
"(early) a member of the “Baltic Veneti” (tribe of unknown affiliation)"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"an eastern foreigner, a Slav, Wend"
],
"id": "en-winidaz-gem-pro-noun-WAQRE8OF",
"links": [
[
"eastern",
"eastern"
],
[
"foreigner",
"foreigner"
],
[
"Slav",
"Slav"
],
[
"Wend",
"Wend"
]
],
"qualifier": "later",
"raw_glosses": [
"(later) an eastern foreigner, a Slav, Wend"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwi.ni.ðɑz/"
}
],
"word": "winidaz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms borrowed from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"gem-pro:Ethnonyms"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "winidiskaz"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*winid",
"3": "*winiþ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *winid, *winiþ",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *winid, *winiþ"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "Wined"
},
"expansion": "Old English: Wined",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: Wined"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "Winoth"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: Winoth",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: Winoth"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "Wēnt",
"3": "Went"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: Wēnt, Went",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: Wēnt, Went"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Wende",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Wende",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Wende"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Wend",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: Wend",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: Wend"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "winid"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: winid",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: winid"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "wint",
"3": "winde"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: wint, winde",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: wint, winde"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Winde",
"qq": "restricted to the sense “Slovene”"
},
"expansion": "German: Winde (restricted to the sense “Slovene”)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Winde (restricted to the sense “Slovene”)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "vindr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: vindr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: vindr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "Vindur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: Vindur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: Vindur"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*venät",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *venät",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *venät"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "et",
"2": "vene"
},
"expansion": "Estonian: vene",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Estonian: vene"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fi",
"2": "Venäjä",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Finnish: Venäjä",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Finnish: Venäjä"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-bsl-pro",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic",
"name": "bor"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*wenh₁-",
"4": "",
"5": "to love, desire"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to love, desire”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*winiz",
"3": "",
"4": "friend"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Germanic *winiz (“friend”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Venetī"
},
"expansion": "Latin Venetī",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From the name of the “Vistula Veneti” or “Baltic Veneti”, one of at least three ancient tribal groupings going by the name *Wenet-. What kind of tribe this was is unknown. It may have been Proto-Balto-Slavic. Another theory postulates that it was Germanic and its name came to be assigned to the Slavs who repopulated their territory during the Migration Period. Ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *wenh₁- (“to love, desire”). Compare Proto-Germanic *winiz (“friend”) and Latin Venetī.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "winidaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "winidōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "winidōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "winid",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "winidōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "winidōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "winidą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "winidanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "winidas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "winidis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "winidǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "winidai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "winidamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "winidō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "winidamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "*winiþaz",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/winidaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"a member of the “Baltic Veneti” (tribe of unknown affiliation)"
],
"qualifier": "early",
"raw_glosses": [
"(early) a member of the “Baltic Veneti” (tribe of unknown affiliation)"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"an eastern foreigner, a Slav, Wend"
],
"links": [
[
"eastern",
"eastern"
],
[
"foreigner",
"foreigner"
],
[
"Slav",
"Slav"
],
[
"Wend",
"Wend"
]
],
"qualifier": "later",
"raw_glosses": [
"(later) an eastern foreigner, a Slav, Wend"
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwi.ni.ðɑz/"
}
],
"word": "winidaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for winidaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (6.0kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-06-13 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-06-01 using wiktextract (9c82c1c and f1c2b61). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.