"warmaz" meaning in Proto-Germanic

See warmaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈwɑr.mɑz/
Etymology: Uncertain. Two different etymologies have been proposed. # From Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰór-mo-s, from *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”) + *-mos, related to Ancient Greek θερμός (thermós), Latin formus, Persian گرم (garm) and Sanskrit घर्म (gharma). # From Proto-Indo-European *wór-mo-s, from *wer- (“to burn”) + *-mos, related to Hittite [script needed] (warnuzi). The dispute is due to differing hypotheses on how Proto-Indo-European initial *gʷʰ- evolved in Germanic. Some maintain that *gʷʰ would have turned to *b, and therefore that the root *gʷʰer- would instead have given rise to *ber- (“to burn”) etc. (compare *banô < *gʷʰon-ō). A counterargument (e.g. Kroonen (2013: p. xxviii)) is that Germanic *w is in fact the usual outcome of *gʷʰ, citing uncontroversial examples such as *snaiwaz < *snóygʷʰos and *neurô < *négʷʰrō. There have also been etymologies proposing a merger of the two roots. Etymology templates: {{unc|gem-pro}} Uncertain, {{inh|gem-pro|ine-pro||*gʷʰór-mo-s}} Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰór-mo-s, {{suf|ine-pro|*gʷʰer-|*mos|nocat=1|t1=warm, hot}} *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”) + *-mos, {{cog|grc|θερμός}} Ancient Greek θερμός (thermós), {{cog|la|formus}} Latin formus, {{cog|fa|گرم|tr=garm}} Persian گرم (garm), {{cog|sa|घर्म}} Sanskrit घर्म (gharma), {{inh|gem-pro|ine-pro||*wór-mo-s}} Proto-Indo-European *wór-mo-s, {{suf|ine-pro|*wer-|*mos|nocat=1|t1=to burn}} *wer- (“to burn”) + *-mos, {{cog|hit|tr=warnuzi}} Hittite [script needed] (warnuzi) Inflection templates: {{gem-decl-adj-a|warm}}, {{gem-decl-adj-table2|*warmaz|*warmanǭ|*warmas, -is|*warmammai|*warmanō|*warmai|*warmanz|*warmaizǫ̂|*warmaimaz|*warmaimiz|*warmō|*warmǭ|*warmaizōz|*warmaizōi|*warmaizō|*warmôz|*warmōz|*warmaizǫ̂|*warmaimaz|*warmaimiz|*warmą, -atō|*warmą, -atō|*warmas, -is|*warmammai|*warmanō|*warmō|*warmō|*warmaizǫ̂|*warmaimaz|*warmaimiz|*warmô|*warmanų|*warminiz|*warmini|*warminē|*warmaniz|*warmanunz|*warmanǫ̂|*warmammaz|*warmammiz|*warmǭ|*warmōnų|*warmōniz|*warmōni|*warmōnē|*warmōniz|*warmōnunz|*warmōnǫ̂|*warmōmaz|*warmōmiz|*warmô|*warmô|*warminiz|*warmini|*warminē|*warmōnō|*warmōnō|*warmanǫ̂|*warmammaz|*warmammiz|title=*warmaz (a-stem)}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], warmaz [masculine, nominative, singular, strong], warmai [masculine, nominative, plural, strong], warmō [feminine, nominative, singular, strong], warmôz [feminine, nominative, plural, strong], warmą [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], -atō [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], warmō [neuter, nominative, plural, strong], warmanǭ [accusative, masculine, singular, strong], warmanz [accusative, masculine, plural, strong], warmǭ [accusative, feminine, singular, strong], warmōz [accusative, feminine, plural, strong], warmą [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], -atō [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], warmō [accusative, neuter, plural, strong], warmas [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], -is [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], warmaizǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, strong], warmaizōz [feminine, genitive, singular, strong], warmaizǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, strong], warmas [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], -is [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], warmaizǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, strong], warmammai [dative, masculine, singular, strong], warmaimaz [dative, masculine, plural, strong], warmaizōi [dative, feminine, singular, strong], warmaimaz [dative, feminine, plural, strong], warmammai [dative, neuter, singular, strong], warmaimaz [dative, neuter, plural, strong], warmanō [instrumental, masculine, singular, strong], warmaimiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, strong], warmaizō [feminine, instrumental, singular, strong], warmaimiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, strong], warmanō [instrumental, neuter, singular, strong], warmaimiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, strong], warmô [masculine, nominative, singular, weak], warmaniz [masculine, nominative, plural, weak], warmǭ [feminine, nominative, singular, weak], warmōniz [feminine, nominative, plural, weak], warmô [neuter, nominative, singular, weak], warmōnō [neuter, nominative, plural, weak], warmanų [accusative, masculine, singular, weak], warmanunz [accusative, masculine, plural, weak], warmōnų [accusative, feminine, singular, weak], warmōnunz [accusative, feminine, plural, weak], warmô [accusative, neuter, singular, weak], warmōnō [accusative, neuter, plural, weak], warminiz [genitive, masculine, singular, weak], warmanǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, weak], warmōniz [feminine, genitive, singular, weak], warmōnǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, weak], warminiz [genitive, neuter, singular, weak], warmanǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, weak], warmini [dative, masculine, singular, weak], warmammaz [dative, masculine, plural, weak], warmōni [dative, feminine, singular, weak], warmōmaz [dative, feminine, plural, weak], warmini [dative, neuter, singular, weak], warmammaz [dative, neuter, plural, weak], warminē [instrumental, masculine, singular, weak], warmammiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, weak], warmōnē [feminine, instrumental, singular, weak], warmōmiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, weak], warminē [instrumental, neuter, singular, weak], warmammiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, weak]
  1. warm (having a higher temperature than usual) Wikipedia link: Brill Publishers Tags: reconstruction Synonyms: *haitaz (english: hot) Derived forms: warmijaną
    Sense id: en-warmaz-gem-pro-adj-CsgSTcPF Categories (other): Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header

Download JSON data for warmaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (12.8kB)

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*warm"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *warm\nOld English: wearm\nMiddle English: warm, warme, werm, wearm\nScots: wairm\nEnglish: warm\nOld Frisian: warm\nSaterland Frisian: woorm\nWest Frisian: waarm\nOld Saxon: warm\nMiddle Low German: warm\nLow German: warm\nGerman Low German: warm\nOld Dutch: *warm\nMiddle Dutch: warm\nDutch: warm\nAfrikaans: warm\nLimburgish: werm\nWest Flemish: werm\nOld High German: warm\nMiddle High German: warm\nAlemannic German: warm\nItalian Walser: warm, woare, woarm, wore, wérme\nBavarian: borm\nCimbrian: barm\nMòcheno: bòrm\nUdinese: borm, borbm, boarm\nViennese: wårm\nCentral Franconian: wärm, warm\nHunsrik: waarem\nGerman: warm\nLuxembourgish: waarm\nYiddish: וואַרעם (varem)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *warm\nOld English: wearm\nMiddle English: warm, warme, werm, wearm\nScots: wairm\nEnglish: warm\nOld Frisian: warm\nSaterland Frisian: woorm\nWest Frisian: waarm\nOld Saxon: warm\nMiddle Low German: warm\nLow German: warm\nGerman Low German: warm\nOld Dutch: *warm\nMiddle Dutch: warm\nDutch: warm\nAfrikaans: warm\nLimburgish: werm\nWest Flemish: werm\nOld High German: warm\nMiddle High German: warm\nAlemannic German: warm\nItalian Walser: warm, woare, woarm, wore, wérme\nBavarian: borm\nCimbrian: barm\nMòcheno: bòrm\nUdinese: borm, borbm, boarm\nViennese: wårm\nCentral Franconian: wärm, warm\nHunsrik: waarem\nGerman: warm\nLuxembourgish: waarm\nYiddish: וואַרעם (varem)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "varmr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: varmr\nIcelandic: varmur\nFaroese: varmur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: varm; (dialectal) varm’u, varm’e\nElfdalian: warm\nOld Swedish: varmber, værmber\nSwedish: varm\nOld Danish: warm\nDanish: varm\nNorwegian Bokmål: varm\nScanian: værmer\nOld Gutnish: varmbr\nGutnish: varmar",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: varmr\nIcelandic: varmur\nFaroese: varmur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: varm; (dialectal) varm’u, varm’e\nElfdalian: warm\nOld Swedish: varmber, værmber\nSwedish: varm\nOld Danish: warm\nDanish: varm\nNorwegian Bokmål: varm\nScanian: værmer\nOld Gutnish: varmbr\nGutnish: varmar"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "Uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*gʷʰór-mo-s"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰór-mo-s",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*gʷʰer-",
        "3": "*mos",
        "nocat": "1",
        "t1": "warm, hot"
      },
      "expansion": "*gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”) + *-mos",
      "name": "suf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "θερμός"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek θερμός (thermós)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "formus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin formus",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "گرم",
        "tr": "garm"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian گرم (garm)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "घर्म"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit घर्म (gharma)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*wór-mo-s"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wór-mo-s",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*wer-",
        "3": "*mos",
        "nocat": "1",
        "t1": "to burn"
      },
      "expansion": "*wer- (“to burn”) + *-mos",
      "name": "suf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hit",
        "tr": "warnuzi"
      },
      "expansion": "Hittite [script needed] (warnuzi)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain. Two different etymologies have been proposed.\n# From Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰór-mo-s, from *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”) + *-mos, related to Ancient Greek θερμός (thermós), Latin formus, Persian گرم (garm) and Sanskrit घर्म (gharma).\n# From Proto-Indo-European *wór-mo-s, from *wer- (“to burn”) + *-mos, related to Hittite [script needed] (warnuzi).\nThe dispute is due to differing hypotheses on how Proto-Indo-European initial *gʷʰ- evolved in Germanic. Some maintain that *gʷʰ would have turned to *b, and therefore that the root *gʷʰer- would instead have given rise to *ber- (“to burn”) etc. (compare *banô < *gʷʰon-ō). A counterargument (e.g. Kroonen (2013: p. xxviii)) is that Germanic *w is in fact the usual outcome of *gʷʰ, citing uncontroversial examples such as *snaiwaz < *snóygʷʰos and *neurô < *négʷʰrō. There have also been etymologies proposing a merger of the two roots.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warminiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warminiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warminē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warminē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "warm"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*warmaz",
        "10": "*warmaimiz",
        "11": "*warmō",
        "12": "*warmǭ",
        "13": "*warmaizōz",
        "14": "*warmaizōi",
        "15": "*warmaizō",
        "16": "*warmôz",
        "17": "*warmōz",
        "18": "*warmaizǫ̂",
        "19": "*warmaimaz",
        "2": "*warmanǭ",
        "20": "*warmaimiz",
        "21": "*warmą, -atō",
        "22": "*warmą, -atō",
        "23": "*warmas, -is",
        "24": "*warmammai",
        "25": "*warmanō",
        "26": "*warmō",
        "27": "*warmō",
        "28": "*warmaizǫ̂",
        "29": "*warmaimaz",
        "3": "*warmas, -is",
        "30": "*warmaimiz",
        "31": "*warmô",
        "32": "*warmanų",
        "33": "*warminiz",
        "34": "*warmini",
        "35": "*warminē",
        "36": "*warmaniz",
        "37": "*warmanunz",
        "38": "*warmanǫ̂",
        "39": "*warmammaz",
        "4": "*warmammai",
        "40": "*warmammiz",
        "41": "*warmǭ",
        "42": "*warmōnų",
        "43": "*warmōniz",
        "44": "*warmōni",
        "45": "*warmōnē",
        "46": "*warmōniz",
        "47": "*warmōnunz",
        "48": "*warmōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*warmōmaz",
        "5": "*warmanō",
        "50": "*warmōmiz",
        "51": "*warmô",
        "52": "*warmô",
        "53": "*warminiz",
        "54": "*warmini",
        "55": "*warminē",
        "56": "*warmōnō",
        "57": "*warmōnō",
        "58": "*warmanǫ̂",
        "59": "*warmammaz",
        "6": "*warmai",
        "60": "*warmammiz",
        "7": "*warmanz",
        "8": "*warmaizǫ̂",
        "9": "*warmaimaz",
        "title": "*warmaz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/warmaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*kaldaz"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "warmijaną"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "warm (having a higher temperature than usual)"
      ],
      "id": "en-warmaz-gem-pro-adj-CsgSTcPF",
      "links": [
        [
          "warm",
          "warm"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "english": "hot",
          "word": "*haitaz"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈwɑr.mɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "warmaz"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "warmijaną"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*warm"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *warm\nOld English: wearm\nMiddle English: warm, warme, werm, wearm\nScots: wairm\nEnglish: warm\nOld Frisian: warm\nSaterland Frisian: woorm\nWest Frisian: waarm\nOld Saxon: warm\nMiddle Low German: warm\nLow German: warm\nGerman Low German: warm\nOld Dutch: *warm\nMiddle Dutch: warm\nDutch: warm\nAfrikaans: warm\nLimburgish: werm\nWest Flemish: werm\nOld High German: warm\nMiddle High German: warm\nAlemannic German: warm\nItalian Walser: warm, woare, woarm, wore, wérme\nBavarian: borm\nCimbrian: barm\nMòcheno: bòrm\nUdinese: borm, borbm, boarm\nViennese: wårm\nCentral Franconian: wärm, warm\nHunsrik: waarem\nGerman: warm\nLuxembourgish: waarm\nYiddish: וואַרעם (varem)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *warm\nOld English: wearm\nMiddle English: warm, warme, werm, wearm\nScots: wairm\nEnglish: warm\nOld Frisian: warm\nSaterland Frisian: woorm\nWest Frisian: waarm\nOld Saxon: warm\nMiddle Low German: warm\nLow German: warm\nGerman Low German: warm\nOld Dutch: *warm\nMiddle Dutch: warm\nDutch: warm\nAfrikaans: warm\nLimburgish: werm\nWest Flemish: werm\nOld High German: warm\nMiddle High German: warm\nAlemannic German: warm\nItalian Walser: warm, woare, woarm, wore, wérme\nBavarian: borm\nCimbrian: barm\nMòcheno: bòrm\nUdinese: borm, borbm, boarm\nViennese: wårm\nCentral Franconian: wärm, warm\nHunsrik: waarem\nGerman: warm\nLuxembourgish: waarm\nYiddish: וואַרעם (varem)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "varmr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: varmr\nIcelandic: varmur\nFaroese: varmur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: varm; (dialectal) varm’u, varm’e\nElfdalian: warm\nOld Swedish: varmber, værmber\nSwedish: varm\nOld Danish: warm\nDanish: varm\nNorwegian Bokmål: varm\nScanian: værmer\nOld Gutnish: varmbr\nGutnish: varmar",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: varmr\nIcelandic: varmur\nFaroese: varmur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: varm; (dialectal) varm’u, varm’e\nElfdalian: warm\nOld Swedish: varmber, værmber\nSwedish: varm\nOld Danish: warm\nDanish: varm\nNorwegian Bokmål: varm\nScanian: værmer\nOld Gutnish: varmbr\nGutnish: varmar"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "Uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*gʷʰór-mo-s"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰór-mo-s",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*gʷʰer-",
        "3": "*mos",
        "nocat": "1",
        "t1": "warm, hot"
      },
      "expansion": "*gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”) + *-mos",
      "name": "suf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "θερμός"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek θερμός (thermós)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "formus"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin formus",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "fa",
        "2": "گرم",
        "tr": "garm"
      },
      "expansion": "Persian گرم (garm)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "घर्म"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit घर्म (gharma)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*wór-mo-s"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wór-mo-s",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*wer-",
        "3": "*mos",
        "nocat": "1",
        "t1": "to burn"
      },
      "expansion": "*wer- (“to burn”) + *-mos",
      "name": "suf"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "hit",
        "tr": "warnuzi"
      },
      "expansion": "Hittite [script needed] (warnuzi)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain. Two different etymologies have been proposed.\n# From Proto-Indo-European *gʷʰór-mo-s, from *gʷʰer- (“warm, hot”) + *-mos, related to Ancient Greek θερμός (thermós), Latin formus, Persian گرم (garm) and Sanskrit घर्म (gharma).\n# From Proto-Indo-European *wór-mo-s, from *wer- (“to burn”) + *-mos, related to Hittite [script needed] (warnuzi).\nThe dispute is due to differing hypotheses on how Proto-Indo-European initial *gʷʰ- evolved in Germanic. Some maintain that *gʷʰ would have turned to *b, and therefore that the root *gʷʰer- would instead have given rise to *ber- (“to burn”) etc. (compare *banô < *gʷʰon-ō). A counterargument (e.g. Kroonen (2013: p. xxviii)) is that Germanic *w is in fact the usual outcome of *gʷʰ, citing uncontroversial examples such as *snaiwaz < *snóygʷʰos and *neurô < *négʷʰrō. There have also been etymologies proposing a merger of the two roots.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warminiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warminiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warminē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warminē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "warmammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "warm"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*warmaz",
        "10": "*warmaimiz",
        "11": "*warmō",
        "12": "*warmǭ",
        "13": "*warmaizōz",
        "14": "*warmaizōi",
        "15": "*warmaizō",
        "16": "*warmôz",
        "17": "*warmōz",
        "18": "*warmaizǫ̂",
        "19": "*warmaimaz",
        "2": "*warmanǭ",
        "20": "*warmaimiz",
        "21": "*warmą, -atō",
        "22": "*warmą, -atō",
        "23": "*warmas, -is",
        "24": "*warmammai",
        "25": "*warmanō",
        "26": "*warmō",
        "27": "*warmō",
        "28": "*warmaizǫ̂",
        "29": "*warmaimaz",
        "3": "*warmas, -is",
        "30": "*warmaimiz",
        "31": "*warmô",
        "32": "*warmanų",
        "33": "*warminiz",
        "34": "*warmini",
        "35": "*warminē",
        "36": "*warmaniz",
        "37": "*warmanunz",
        "38": "*warmanǫ̂",
        "39": "*warmammaz",
        "4": "*warmammai",
        "40": "*warmammiz",
        "41": "*warmǭ",
        "42": "*warmōnų",
        "43": "*warmōniz",
        "44": "*warmōni",
        "45": "*warmōnē",
        "46": "*warmōniz",
        "47": "*warmōnunz",
        "48": "*warmōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*warmōmaz",
        "5": "*warmanō",
        "50": "*warmōmiz",
        "51": "*warmô",
        "52": "*warmô",
        "53": "*warminiz",
        "54": "*warmini",
        "55": "*warminē",
        "56": "*warmōnō",
        "57": "*warmōnō",
        "58": "*warmanǫ̂",
        "59": "*warmammaz",
        "6": "*warmai",
        "60": "*warmammiz",
        "7": "*warmanz",
        "8": "*warmaizǫ̂",
        "9": "*warmaimaz",
        "title": "*warmaz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/warmaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "antonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*kaldaz"
        }
      ],
      "categories": [
        "Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
        "Proto-Germanic adjectives",
        "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies",
        "gem-pro:Temperature"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "warm (having a higher temperature than usual)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "warm",
          "warm"
        ]
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "english": "hot",
          "word": "*haitaz"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈwɑr.mɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "warmaz"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-19 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-06 using wiktextract (372f256 and 664a3bc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.