See waluz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "walu",
"3": "wala",
"g": "f",
"g2": "m"
},
"expansion": "Old English: walu f, wala m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: walu f, wala m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "wale"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: wale, wælh\nEnglish: wale, weal\nScots: wale, wail",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: wale, wælh\nEnglish: wale, weal\nScots: wale, wail"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*wale"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *wale",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *wale"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "waal"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian: waal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian: waal"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frk",
"2": "*walu",
"3": "*wala"
},
"expansion": "Frankish: *walu, *wala",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Frankish: *walu, *wala"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "waule",
"3": "waulle",
"4": "gaule",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old French: waule, waulle, gaule",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old French: waule, waulle, gaule"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "gaulle",
"3": "gaule"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: gaulle, gaule",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: gaulle, gaule"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gaule"
},
"expansion": "French: gaule",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: gaule"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "vǫlr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: vǫlr\nIcelandic: völur\nFaroese: vølur\nNorn: vol\nNorwegian Nynorsk: vol\nNorwegian Bokmål: vol\nOld Swedish: val\nSwedish: val (dial.)\nDanish: ol, vol",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: vǫlr\nIcelandic: völur\nFaroese: vølur\nNorn: vol\nNorwegian Nynorsk: vol\nNorwegian Bokmål: vol\nOld Swedish: val\nSwedish: val (dial.)\nDanish: ol, vol"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌿𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌿𐍃 (walus)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌿𐍃 (walus)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*wolH-u-s",
"t": "stick, stake"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wolH-u-s (“stick, stake”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*welH-",
"t": "to turn, wind, roll"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, wind, roll”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "apvalùs",
"t": "round"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian apvalùs (“round”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vallus",
"t": "stake, pale"
},
"expansion": "Latin vallus (“stake, pale”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *wolH-u-s (“stick, stake”), from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, wind, roll”). Cognate with Lithuanian apvalùs (“round”), Latin vallus (“stake, pale”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "u-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "waluz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waliwiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "walu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "waliwiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "walų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "walunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "walauz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waliwǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waliwi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "walumaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "walū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "walumiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/waluz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"alt": "compound with *wrōts; see there for further descendants",
"word": "wurtwaluz"
}
],
"glosses": [
"staff, stick"
],
"id": "en-waluz-gem-pro-noun-7SpN8kWo",
"links": [
[
"staff",
"staff"
],
[
"stick",
"stick"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "walwijaną"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*stabaz"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɑ.luz/"
}
],
"word": "waluz"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"alt": "compound with *wrōts; see there for further descendants",
"word": "wurtwaluz"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "walu",
"3": "wala",
"g": "f",
"g2": "m"
},
"expansion": "Old English: walu f, wala m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: walu f, wala m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "wale"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: wale, wælh\nEnglish: wale, weal\nScots: wale, wail",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: wale, wælh\nEnglish: wale, weal\nScots: wale, wail"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*wale"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *wale",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *wale"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "waal"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian: waal",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian: waal"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frk",
"2": "*walu",
"3": "*wala"
},
"expansion": "Frankish: *walu, *wala",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Frankish: *walu, *wala"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "waule",
"3": "waulle",
"4": "gaule",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old French: waule, waulle, gaule",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old French: waule, waulle, gaule"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "gaulle",
"3": "gaule"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: gaulle, gaule",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: gaulle, gaule"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "gaule"
},
"expansion": "French: gaule",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: gaule"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "vǫlr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: vǫlr\nIcelandic: völur\nFaroese: vølur\nNorn: vol\nNorwegian Nynorsk: vol\nNorwegian Bokmål: vol\nOld Swedish: val\nSwedish: val (dial.)\nDanish: ol, vol",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: vǫlr\nIcelandic: völur\nFaroese: vølur\nNorn: vol\nNorwegian Nynorsk: vol\nNorwegian Bokmål: vol\nOld Swedish: val\nSwedish: val (dial.)\nDanish: ol, vol"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌿𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌿𐍃 (walus)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐍅𐌰𐌻𐌿𐍃 (walus)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*wolH-u-s",
"t": "stick, stake"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *wolH-u-s (“stick, stake”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*welH-",
"t": "to turn, wind, roll"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, wind, roll”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "apvalùs",
"t": "round"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian apvalùs (“round”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "vallus",
"t": "stake, pale"
},
"expansion": "Latin vallus (“stake, pale”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *wolH-u-s (“stick, stake”), from Proto-Indo-European *welH- (“to turn, wind, roll”). Cognate with Lithuanian apvalùs (“round”), Latin vallus (“stake, pale”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "u-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "waluz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waliwiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "walu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "waliwiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "walų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "walunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "walauz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "waliwǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "waliwi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "walumaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "walū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "walumiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/waluz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "walwijaną"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic u-stem nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"staff, stick"
],
"links": [
[
"staff",
"staff"
],
[
"stick",
"stick"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*stabaz"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈwɑ.luz/"
}
],
"word": "waluz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for waluz meaning in Proto-Germanic (4.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-10 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-01 using wiktextract (df33d17 and 4ed51a5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.