See tungǭ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*tungā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *tungā\nOld English: tunge\nMiddle English: tonge, tong, tung, tunge\nEnglish: tongue, tounge (misspelling, otherwise obsolete), tung (eye dialect, otherwise obsolete), tong, tonge, toong, toongue, toung, toungue, tunge (obsolete)\nAustralian Kriol: tang\nBislama: tang\nSranan Tongo: tongo\nTok Pisin: tang\nTorres Strait Creole: tang\nScots: tung, tongue, tong\nOld Frisian: tunge\nNorth Frisian: tonge, tunge\nSaterland Frisian: Tunge\nWest Frisian: tonge\nOld Saxon: tunga, tunge\nMiddle Low German: tunge\nGerman Low German: Tunge\nPlautdietsch: Tung\nOld Dutch: tunga\nMiddle Dutch: tonge, tonghe\nDutch: tong\nAfrikaans: tong\nNegerhollands: tong, toṅ, tung\n→ Virgin Islands Creole: ton (dated)\nSkepi Creole Dutch: tunk\n→? Sranan Tongo: tongo\n→ Aukan: tongo\n→ Kwinti: tongo\n→ Saramaccan: tongò\nLimburgish: tóng\nOld High German: zunga\nMiddle High German: zunge\nAlemannic German: Zunge\nCentral Franconian: Zong\nCimbrian: zung\nGerman: Zunge\nLuxembourgish: Zong\nVilamovian: cung\nYiddish: צונג (tsung)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *tungā\nOld English: tunge\nMiddle English: tonge, tong, tung, tunge\nEnglish: tongue, tounge (misspelling, otherwise obsolete), tung (eye dialect, otherwise obsolete), tong, tonge, toong, toongue, toung, toungue, tunge (obsolete)\nAustralian Kriol: tang\nBislama: tang\nSranan Tongo: tongo\nTok Pisin: tang\nTorres Strait Creole: tang\nScots: tung, tongue, tong\nOld Frisian: tunge\nNorth Frisian: tonge, tunge\nSaterland Frisian: Tunge\nWest Frisian: tonge\nOld Saxon: tunga, tunge\nMiddle Low German: tunge\nGerman Low German: Tunge\nPlautdietsch: Tung\nOld Dutch: tunga\nMiddle Dutch: tonge, tonghe\nDutch: tong\nAfrikaans: tong\nNegerhollands: tong, toṅ, tung\n→ Virgin Islands Creole: ton (dated)\nSkepi Creole Dutch: tunk\n→? Sranan Tongo: tongo\n→ Aukan: tongo\n→ Kwinti: tongo\n→ Saramaccan: tongò\nLimburgish: tóng\nOld High German: zunga\nMiddle High German: zunge\nAlemannic German: Zunge\nCentral Franconian: Zong\nCimbrian: zung\nGerman: Zunge\nLuxembourgish: Zong\nVilamovian: cung\nYiddish: צונג (tsung)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "tunga"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: tunga\nIcelandic: tunga\nFaroese: tunga\nNorn: tunga\nElfdalian: tungga\nNorwegian: tunge\nOld Swedish: tunga\nSwedish: tunga\nOld Danish: tungæ\nDanish: tunge\nGutnish: tungge, tunggå, tungga",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: tunga\nIcelandic: tunga\nFaroese: tunga\nNorn: tunga\nElfdalian: tungga\nNorwegian: tunge\nOld Swedish: tunga\nSwedish: tunga\nOld Danish: tungæ\nDanish: tunge\nGutnish: tungge, tunggå, tungga"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍄𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍉"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐍄𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍉 (tuggō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐍄𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍉 (tuggō)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s",
"t": "tongue"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s (“tongue”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "lingua",
"t": "idem"
},
"expansion": "Latin lingua (“idem”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जिह्वा",
"t": "idem",
"tr": "jihvā́"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit जिह्वा (jihvā́, “idem”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "N-stem variant of Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s (“tongue”). Cognate with Latin lingua (“idem”) and Sanskrit जिह्वा (jihvā́, “idem”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ōn-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "tungǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tungōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tungǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tungōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tungōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tungōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tungōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tungōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tungōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tungōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tungōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tungōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tungǭ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"tongue"
],
"id": "en-tungǭ-gem-pro-noun-snFSEtk5",
"links": [
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*tulgaz"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "14 86",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "5 95",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "1 99",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"speech, language"
],
"id": "en-tungǭ-gem-pro-noun-1ANoDjVX",
"links": [
[
"speech",
"speech"
],
[
"language",
"language"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtuŋ.ɡɔ̃ː/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "tungǭ"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic ōn-stem nouns"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*tungā"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *tungā\nOld English: tunge\nMiddle English: tonge, tong, tung, tunge\nEnglish: tongue, tounge (misspelling, otherwise obsolete), tung (eye dialect, otherwise obsolete), tong, tonge, toong, toongue, toung, toungue, tunge (obsolete)\nAustralian Kriol: tang\nBislama: tang\nSranan Tongo: tongo\nTok Pisin: tang\nTorres Strait Creole: tang\nScots: tung, tongue, tong\nOld Frisian: tunge\nNorth Frisian: tonge, tunge\nSaterland Frisian: Tunge\nWest Frisian: tonge\nOld Saxon: tunga, tunge\nMiddle Low German: tunge\nGerman Low German: Tunge\nPlautdietsch: Tung\nOld Dutch: tunga\nMiddle Dutch: tonge, tonghe\nDutch: tong\nAfrikaans: tong\nNegerhollands: tong, toṅ, tung\n→ Virgin Islands Creole: ton (dated)\nSkepi Creole Dutch: tunk\n→? Sranan Tongo: tongo\n→ Aukan: tongo\n→ Kwinti: tongo\n→ Saramaccan: tongò\nLimburgish: tóng\nOld High German: zunga\nMiddle High German: zunge\nAlemannic German: Zunge\nCentral Franconian: Zong\nCimbrian: zung\nGerman: Zunge\nLuxembourgish: Zong\nVilamovian: cung\nYiddish: צונג (tsung)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *tungā\nOld English: tunge\nMiddle English: tonge, tong, tung, tunge\nEnglish: tongue, tounge (misspelling, otherwise obsolete), tung (eye dialect, otherwise obsolete), tong, tonge, toong, toongue, toung, toungue, tunge (obsolete)\nAustralian Kriol: tang\nBislama: tang\nSranan Tongo: tongo\nTok Pisin: tang\nTorres Strait Creole: tang\nScots: tung, tongue, tong\nOld Frisian: tunge\nNorth Frisian: tonge, tunge\nSaterland Frisian: Tunge\nWest Frisian: tonge\nOld Saxon: tunga, tunge\nMiddle Low German: tunge\nGerman Low German: Tunge\nPlautdietsch: Tung\nOld Dutch: tunga\nMiddle Dutch: tonge, tonghe\nDutch: tong\nAfrikaans: tong\nNegerhollands: tong, toṅ, tung\n→ Virgin Islands Creole: ton (dated)\nSkepi Creole Dutch: tunk\n→? Sranan Tongo: tongo\n→ Aukan: tongo\n→ Kwinti: tongo\n→ Saramaccan: tongò\nLimburgish: tóng\nOld High German: zunga\nMiddle High German: zunge\nAlemannic German: Zunge\nCentral Franconian: Zong\nCimbrian: zung\nGerman: Zunge\nLuxembourgish: Zong\nVilamovian: cung\nYiddish: צונג (tsung)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "tunga"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: tunga\nIcelandic: tunga\nFaroese: tunga\nNorn: tunga\nElfdalian: tungga\nNorwegian: tunge\nOld Swedish: tunga\nSwedish: tunga\nOld Danish: tungæ\nDanish: tunge\nGutnish: tungge, tunggå, tungga",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: tunga\nIcelandic: tunga\nFaroese: tunga\nNorn: tunga\nElfdalian: tungga\nNorwegian: tunge\nOld Swedish: tunga\nSwedish: tunga\nOld Danish: tungæ\nDanish: tunge\nGutnish: tungge, tunggå, tungga"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍄𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍉"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐍄𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍉 (tuggō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐍄𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍉 (tuggō)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s",
"t": "tongue"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s (“tongue”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "lingua",
"t": "idem"
},
"expansion": "Latin lingua (“idem”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "जिह्वा",
"t": "idem",
"tr": "jihvā́"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit जिह्वा (jihvā́, “idem”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "N-stem variant of Proto-Indo-European *dn̥ǵʰwéh₂s (“tongue”). Cognate with Latin lingua (“idem”) and Sanskrit जिह्वा (jihvā́, “idem”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ōn-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "tungǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tungōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tungǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tungōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "tungōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tungōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tungōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tungōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tungōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tungōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "tungōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "tungōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/tungǭ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"gem-pro:Mouth"
],
"glosses": [
"tongue"
],
"links": [
[
"tongue",
"tongue"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*tulgaz"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"gem-pro:Talking"
],
"glosses": [
"speech, language"
],
"links": [
[
"speech",
"speech"
],
[
"language",
"language"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈtuŋ.ɡɔ̃ː/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "tungǭ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for tungǭ meaning in Proto-Germanic (5.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.