"trumaz" meaning in Proto-Germanic

See trumaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈtru.mɑz/
Etymology: Related to or derived from the above. For the semantic development, compare Proto-Germanic *trewą and *triwwiz. Etymology templates: {{cog|gem-pro|*trewą}} Proto-Germanic *trewą Inflection templates: {{gem-decl-adj-a|trum}}, {{gem-decl-adj-table2|*trumaz|*trumanǭ|*trumas, -is|*trumammai|*trumanō|*trumai|*trumanz|*trumaizǫ̂|*trumaimaz|*trumaimiz|*trumō|*trumǭ|*trumaizōz|*trumaizōi|*trumaizō|*trumôz|*trumōz|*trumaizǫ̂|*trumaimaz|*trumaimiz|*trumą, -atō|*trumą, -atō|*trumas, -is|*trumammai|*trumanō|*trumō|*trumō|*trumaizǫ̂|*trumaimaz|*trumaimiz|*trumô|*trumanų|*truminiz|*trumini|*truminē|*trumaniz|*trumanunz|*trumanǫ̂|*trumammaz|*trumammiz|*trumǭ|*trumōnų|*trumōniz|*trumōni|*trumōnē|*trumōniz|*trumōnunz|*trumōnǫ̂|*trumōmaz|*trumōmiz|*trumô|*trumô|*truminiz|*trumini|*truminē|*trumōnō|*trumōnō|*trumanǫ̂|*trumammaz|*trumammiz|title=*trumaz (a-stem)}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], trumaz [masculine, nominative, singular, strong], trumai [masculine, nominative, plural, strong], trumō [feminine, nominative, singular, strong], trumôz [feminine, nominative, plural, strong], trumą [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], -atō [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], trumō [neuter, nominative, plural, strong], trumanǭ [accusative, masculine, singular, strong], trumanz [accusative, masculine, plural, strong], trumǭ [accusative, feminine, singular, strong], trumōz [accusative, feminine, plural, strong], trumą [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], -atō [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], trumō [accusative, neuter, plural, strong], trumas [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], -is [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], trumaizǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, strong], trumaizōz [feminine, genitive, singular, strong], trumaizǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, strong], trumas [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], -is [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], trumaizǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, strong], trumammai [dative, masculine, singular, strong], trumaimaz [dative, masculine, plural, strong], trumaizōi [dative, feminine, singular, strong], trumaimaz [dative, feminine, plural, strong], trumammai [dative, neuter, singular, strong], trumaimaz [dative, neuter, plural, strong], trumanō [instrumental, masculine, singular, strong], trumaimiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, strong], trumaizō [feminine, instrumental, singular, strong], trumaimiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, strong], trumanō [instrumental, neuter, singular, strong], trumaimiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, strong], trumô [masculine, nominative, singular, weak], trumaniz [masculine, nominative, plural, weak], trumǭ [feminine, nominative, singular, weak], trumōniz [feminine, nominative, plural, weak], trumô [neuter, nominative, singular, weak], trumōnō [neuter, nominative, plural, weak], trumanų [accusative, masculine, singular, weak], trumanunz [accusative, masculine, plural, weak], trumōnų [accusative, feminine, singular, weak], trumōnunz [accusative, feminine, plural, weak], trumô [accusative, neuter, singular, weak], trumōnō [accusative, neuter, plural, weak], truminiz [genitive, masculine, singular, weak], trumanǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, weak], trumōniz [feminine, genitive, singular, weak], trumōnǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, weak], truminiz [genitive, neuter, singular, weak], trumanǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, weak], trumini [dative, masculine, singular, weak], trumammaz [dative, masculine, plural, weak], trumōni [dative, feminine, singular, weak], trumōmaz [dative, feminine, plural, weak], trumini [dative, neuter, singular, weak], trumammaz [dative, neuter, plural, weak], truminē [instrumental, masculine, singular, weak], trumammiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, weak], trumōnē [feminine, instrumental, singular, weak], trumōmiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, weak], truminē [instrumental, neuter, singular, weak], trumammiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, weak]
  1. firm, strong Tags: reconstruction Derived forms: trumiþō, trumjaną
    Sense id: en-trumaz-gem-pro-adj-sbTOlrgp Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 100 0 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 100 0 Disambiguation of Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header: 98 2
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 2

Noun

IPA: /ˈtru.mɑz/
Etymology: Continues Proto-Indo-European *drumos, from *deru-, *drew- (“tree”). Compare Sanskrit द्रुम (druma, “tree”), Ancient Greek δρυμός (drumós, “copse, thicket”), Old Armenian տրամ (tram, “solid, firm”). Etymology templates: {{inh|gem-pro|ine-pro||*drumos}} Proto-Indo-European *drumos, {{cog|sa|द्रुम||tree}} Sanskrit द्रुम (druma, “tree”), {{cog|grc|δρυμός||copse, thicket}} Ancient Greek δρυμός (drumós, “copse, thicket”), {{cog|xcl|տրամ||solid, firm}} Old Armenian տրամ (tram, “solid, firm”) Inflection templates: {{gem-decl-noun}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], trumaz [nominative, singular], trumōz [nominative, plural], trumōs [nominative, plural], trum [singular, vocative], trumōz [plural, vocative], trumōs [plural, vocative], trumą [accusative, singular], trumanz [accusative, plural], trumas [genitive, singular], trumis [genitive, singular], trumǫ̂ [genitive, plural], trumai [dative, singular], trumamaz [dative, plural], trumō [instrumental, singular], trumamiz [instrumental, plural]
  1. root (of a plant) Tags: masculine, reconstruction
    Sense id: en-trumaz-gem-pro-noun-cVTTxKea
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Etymology number: 1
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "*trum",
            "3": "wyrttrum",
            "4": "wyrttruma"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: *trum, wyrttrum, wyrttruma",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: *trum, wyrttrum, wyrttruma (< *trumô)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*drumos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *drumos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "द्रुम",
        "3": "",
        "4": "tree"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit द्रुम (druma, “tree”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "δρυμός",
        "3": "",
        "4": "copse, thicket"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek δρυμός (drumós, “copse, thicket”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "տրամ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "solid, firm"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian տրամ (tram, “solid, firm”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Continues Proto-Indo-European *drumos, from *deru-, *drew- (“tree”). Compare Sanskrit द्रुम (druma, “tree”), Ancient Greek δρυμός (drumós, “copse, thicket”), Old Armenian տրամ (tram, “solid, firm”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumamaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumamiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gem-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/trumaz",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "root (of a plant)"
      ],
      "id": "en-trumaz-gem-pro-noun-cVTTxKea",
      "links": [
        [
          "root",
          "root"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtru.mɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "trumaz"
}

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*trum"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *trum",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *trum"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "trum"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: trum",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: trum"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "trum"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: trum",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: trum (in compounds: mistrum; untrum)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "trim"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: trim",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: trim"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "trim"
          },
          "expansion": "English: trim",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: trim"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*trewą"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *trewą",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Related to or derived from the above. For the semantic development, compare Proto-Germanic *trewą and *triwwiz.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "truminiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "truminiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "truminē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "truminē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "trum"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*trumaz",
        "10": "*trumaimiz",
        "11": "*trumō",
        "12": "*trumǭ",
        "13": "*trumaizōz",
        "14": "*trumaizōi",
        "15": "*trumaizō",
        "16": "*trumôz",
        "17": "*trumōz",
        "18": "*trumaizǫ̂",
        "19": "*trumaimaz",
        "2": "*trumanǭ",
        "20": "*trumaimiz",
        "21": "*trumą, -atō",
        "22": "*trumą, -atō",
        "23": "*trumas, -is",
        "24": "*trumammai",
        "25": "*trumanō",
        "26": "*trumō",
        "27": "*trumō",
        "28": "*trumaizǫ̂",
        "29": "*trumaimaz",
        "3": "*trumas, -is",
        "30": "*trumaimiz",
        "31": "*trumô",
        "32": "*trumanų",
        "33": "*truminiz",
        "34": "*trumini",
        "35": "*truminē",
        "36": "*trumaniz",
        "37": "*trumanunz",
        "38": "*trumanǫ̂",
        "39": "*trumammaz",
        "4": "*trumammai",
        "40": "*trumammiz",
        "41": "*trumǭ",
        "42": "*trumōnų",
        "43": "*trumōniz",
        "44": "*trumōni",
        "45": "*trumōnē",
        "46": "*trumōniz",
        "47": "*trumōnunz",
        "48": "*trumōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*trumōmaz",
        "5": "*trumanō",
        "50": "*trumōmiz",
        "51": "*trumô",
        "52": "*trumô",
        "53": "*truminiz",
        "54": "*trumini",
        "55": "*truminē",
        "56": "*trumōnō",
        "57": "*trumōnō",
        "58": "*trumanǫ̂",
        "59": "*trumammaz",
        "6": "*trumai",
        "60": "*trumammiz",
        "7": "*trumanz",
        "8": "*trumaizǫ̂",
        "9": "*trumaimaz",
        "title": "*trumaz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/trumaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "100 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "100 0",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "98 2",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "trumiþō"
        },
        {
          "word": "trumjaną"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "firm, strong"
      ],
      "id": "en-trumaz-gem-pro-adj-sbTOlrgp",
      "links": [
        [
          "firm",
          "firm"
        ],
        [
          "strong",
          "strong"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtru.mɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "trumaz"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
    "Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
    "Proto-Germanic adjectives",
    "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
    "Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
    "Proto-Germanic nouns",
    "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "*trum",
            "3": "wyrttrum",
            "4": "wyrttruma"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: *trum, wyrttrum, wyrttruma",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: *trum, wyrttrum, wyrttruma (< *trumô)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 1,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*drumos"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *drumos",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "द्रुम",
        "3": "",
        "4": "tree"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit द्रुम (druma, “tree”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "δρυμός",
        "3": "",
        "4": "copse, thicket"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek δρυμός (drumós, “copse, thicket”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "տրամ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "solid, firm"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian տրամ (tram, “solid, firm”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Continues Proto-Indo-European *drumos, from *deru-, *drew- (“tree”). Compare Sanskrit द्रुम (druma, “tree”), Ancient Greek δρυμός (drumós, “copse, thicket”), Old Armenian տրամ (tram, “solid, firm”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumōs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumamaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumamiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gem-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/trumaz",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "root (of a plant)"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "root",
          "root"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtru.mɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "trumaz"
}

{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
    "Proto-Germanic adjectives",
    "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Germanic lemmas"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "trumiþō"
    },
    {
      "word": "trumjaną"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*trum"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *trum",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *trum"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "trum"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: trum",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: trum"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "trum"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: trum",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: trum (in compounds: mistrum; untrum)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sco",
            "2": "trim"
          },
          "expansion": "Scots: trim",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Scots: trim"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "trim"
          },
          "expansion": "English: trim",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: trim"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_number": 2,
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*trewą"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *trewą",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Related to or derived from the above. For the semantic development, compare Proto-Germanic *trewą and *triwwiz.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "truminiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "truminiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "truminē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "truminē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "trumammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "trum"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*trumaz",
        "10": "*trumaimiz",
        "11": "*trumō",
        "12": "*trumǭ",
        "13": "*trumaizōz",
        "14": "*trumaizōi",
        "15": "*trumaizō",
        "16": "*trumôz",
        "17": "*trumōz",
        "18": "*trumaizǫ̂",
        "19": "*trumaimaz",
        "2": "*trumanǭ",
        "20": "*trumaimiz",
        "21": "*trumą, -atō",
        "22": "*trumą, -atō",
        "23": "*trumas, -is",
        "24": "*trumammai",
        "25": "*trumanō",
        "26": "*trumō",
        "27": "*trumō",
        "28": "*trumaizǫ̂",
        "29": "*trumaimaz",
        "3": "*trumas, -is",
        "30": "*trumaimiz",
        "31": "*trumô",
        "32": "*trumanų",
        "33": "*truminiz",
        "34": "*trumini",
        "35": "*truminē",
        "36": "*trumaniz",
        "37": "*trumanunz",
        "38": "*trumanǫ̂",
        "39": "*trumammaz",
        "4": "*trumammai",
        "40": "*trumammiz",
        "41": "*trumǭ",
        "42": "*trumōnų",
        "43": "*trumōniz",
        "44": "*trumōni",
        "45": "*trumōnē",
        "46": "*trumōniz",
        "47": "*trumōnunz",
        "48": "*trumōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*trumōmaz",
        "5": "*trumanō",
        "50": "*trumōmiz",
        "51": "*trumô",
        "52": "*trumô",
        "53": "*truminiz",
        "54": "*trumini",
        "55": "*truminē",
        "56": "*trumōnō",
        "57": "*trumōnō",
        "58": "*trumanǫ̂",
        "59": "*trumammaz",
        "6": "*trumai",
        "60": "*trumammiz",
        "7": "*trumanz",
        "8": "*trumaizǫ̂",
        "9": "*trumaimaz",
        "title": "*trumaz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/trumaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "firm, strong"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "firm",
          "firm"
        ],
        [
          "strong",
          "strong"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈtru.mɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "trumaz"
}

Download raw JSONL data for trumaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (12.7kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.