See swarduz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sweard"
},
"expansion": "Old English: sweard\nMiddle English: sward, swerd, swerde, swarde, swarthe, swarth, suarth\nEnglish: sward\nScots: swaird",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: sweard\nMiddle English: sward, swerd, swerde, swarde, swarthe, swarth, suarth\nEnglish: sward\nScots: swaird"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*swarda"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *swarda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *swarda"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "swaerde"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: swaerde",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: swaerde"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "zwoerd"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: zwoerd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: zwoerd"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*swarta"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *swarta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *swarta"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "swarte"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: swarte",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: swarte"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Schwarte"
},
"expansion": "German: Schwarte",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Schwarte"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "svǫrðr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: svǫrðr\nIcelandic: svörður\nFaroese: svørður\nNorwegian Nynorsk: svord, svor\nNorwegian Bokmål: svor\nSwedish: svål\nDanish: svær",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: svǫrðr\nIcelandic: svörður\nFaroese: svørður\nNorwegian Nynorsk: svord, svor\nNorwegian Bokmål: svor\nSwedish: svål\nDanish: svær"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "šērve",
"3": "",
"4": "pigskin, thick (and dirty) skin layer"
},
"expansion": "Latvian šērve (“pigskin, thick (and dirty) skin layer”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*sverdvē"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *sverdvē",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Schörwe"
},
"expansion": "German Low German Schörwe",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Of unknown origin. Often the only cognate compared is Latvian šērve (“pigskin, thick (and dirty) skin layer”) and a possible reconstruction Proto-Balto-Slavic *sverdvē, though the Latvian term itself could have been borrowed through Germanic from German Low German Schörwe.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "u-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "swarduz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swardiwiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swardu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "swardiwiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "swardų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swardunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swardauz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swardiwǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swardiwi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swardumaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swardū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swardumiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swarduz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"rind, tough skin"
],
"id": "en-swarduz-gem-pro-noun-M1sjocev",
"links": [
[
"rind",
"rind"
],
[
"skin",
"skin"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "33 67",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 78",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "21 79",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"turf"
],
"id": "en-swarduz-gem-pro-noun-FLuyejpk",
"links": [
[
"turf",
"turf"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈswɑr.duz/"
}
],
"word": "swarduz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies",
"Proto-Germanic u-stem nouns"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "sweard"
},
"expansion": "Old English: sweard\nMiddle English: sward, swerd, swerde, swarde, swarthe, swarth, suarth\nEnglish: sward\nScots: swaird",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: sweard\nMiddle English: sward, swerd, swerde, swarde, swarthe, swarth, suarth\nEnglish: sward\nScots: swaird"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*swarda"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *swarda",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *swarda"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "swaerde"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: swaerde",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: swaerde"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "zwoerd"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: zwoerd",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: zwoerd"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*swarta"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *swarta",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *swarta"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "swarte"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: swarte",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: swarte"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Schwarte"
},
"expansion": "German: Schwarte",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Schwarte"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "svǫrðr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: svǫrðr\nIcelandic: svörður\nFaroese: svørður\nNorwegian Nynorsk: svord, svor\nNorwegian Bokmål: svor\nSwedish: svål\nDanish: svær",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: svǫrðr\nIcelandic: svörður\nFaroese: svørður\nNorwegian Nynorsk: svord, svor\nNorwegian Bokmål: svor\nSwedish: svål\nDanish: svær"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "šērve",
"3": "",
"4": "pigskin, thick (and dirty) skin layer"
},
"expansion": "Latvian šērve (“pigskin, thick (and dirty) skin layer”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-bsl-pro",
"2": "*sverdvē"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Balto-Slavic *sverdvē",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Schörwe"
},
"expansion": "German Low German Schörwe",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Of unknown origin. Often the only cognate compared is Latvian šērve (“pigskin, thick (and dirty) skin layer”) and a possible reconstruction Proto-Balto-Slavic *sverdvē, though the Latvian term itself could have been borrowed through Germanic from German Low German Schörwe.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "u-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "swarduz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swardiwiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swardu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "swardiwiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "swardų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swardunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swardauz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swardiwǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swardiwi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swardumaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swardū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swardumiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swarduz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"rind, tough skin"
],
"links": [
[
"rind",
"rind"
],
[
"skin",
"skin"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"turf"
],
"links": [
[
"turf",
"turf"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈswɑr.duz/"
}
],
"word": "swarduz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for swarduz meaning in Proto-Germanic (4.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.