See swēbaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*swāb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *swāb\nOld English: Swǣfas pl, Swǣfe\nOld High German: swāb, swāp, suāb, suāp\nMiddle High German: swāp, swābe\nGerman: Schwabe\n→ Dutch: Zwaab\n→ Romanian: șvab",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *swāb\nOld English: Swǣfas pl, Swǣfe\nOld High German: swāb, swāp, suāb, suāp\nMiddle High German: swāp, swābe\nGerman: Schwabe\n→ Dutch: Zwaab\n→ Romanian: șvab"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "*ᛊᚹᚨᛒᚨᛉ",
"ts": "swābaɹ̝̊"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: *ᛊᚹᚨᛒᚨᛉ (*swabaʀ /swābaɹ̝̊/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: *ᛊᚹᚨᛒᚨᛉ (*swabaʀ /swābaɹ̝̊/)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "ᛊᚹᚨᛒᚨᚺᚨᚱᛃᚨᛉ",
"der": "1",
"ts": "Swābaharjaɹ̝̊"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Norse: ᛊᚹᚨᛒᚨᚺᚨᚱᛃᚨᛉ (swabaharjaʀ /Swābaharjaɹ̝̊/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Norse: ᛊᚹᚨᛒᚨᚺᚨᚱᛃᚨᛉ (swabaharjaʀ /Swābaharjaɹ̝̊/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "Sváfarr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: Sváfarr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: Sváfarr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "*sváfr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: *sváfr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: *sváfr"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "Sváfa",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Norse: Sváfa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Norse: Sváfa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "Sváfaland",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Norse: Sváfaland",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Norse: Sváfaland"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Suēbus",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: Suēbus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: Suēbus (plural Suēbī), Suēvus (plural Suēvī), Suēbia, Suābia"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "sueu"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: sueu",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "Suèvia",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Suèvia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: sueu, Suèvia"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "suevos"
},
"expansion": "Galician: suevos",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "place names"
},
"expansion": "(place names)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Galician: suevos; Suevos, Suegos (place names)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "Σούηβος",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ancient Greek: Σούηβος (Soúēbos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ancient Greek: Σούηβος (Soúēbos)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Sueben",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Sueben",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Sueben"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Suebi",
"3": "Suevi",
"4": "Swabia",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: Suebi, Suevi, Swabia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: Suebi, Suevi, Swabia"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*swé",
"pos": "reflexive pronoun",
"t": "oneself"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swé (“oneself”, reflexive pronoun)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*svobodà",
"3": "",
"4": "freedom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *svobodà (“freedom”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "atsvabināt",
"3": "",
"4": "to free"
},
"expansion": "Latvian atsvabināt (“to free”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "Sif",
"pos": "name of a goddess"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse Sif (name of a goddess)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*sebʰyo"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sebʰyo",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *swé (“oneself”, reflexive pronoun) with an uncertain second component, sometimes taken to be *bʰuH- despite formal difficulties. Compared to Proto-Slavic *svobodà (“freedom”), Latvian atsvabināt (“to free”). In Germanic, compare especially *sibjō (“kinship; friendship”) and Old Norse Sif (name of a goddess), plausibly derived from Proto-Indo-European *sebʰyo, the dative form of the pronoun. Note also the ethnonym *swihô (“Swede”), which like *swēbaz retains the *w. However, all connections are problematic in one way or another.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "swēbaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swēbōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swēbōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swēb",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "swēbōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "swēbōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "swēbą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swēbanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swēbas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swēbis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swēbǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swēbai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swēbamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swēbō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swēbamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swēbaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "Swēbaharjaz"
}
],
"glosses": [
"someone of the Suebi (a Swabian, but this has a modern meaning)"
],
"id": "en-swēbaz-gem-pro-noun-JnFC-sOh",
"links": [
[
"Suebi",
"Suebi"
],
[
"Swabian",
"Swabian#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈswɛː.βɑz/"
}
],
"word": "swēbaz"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "Swēbaharjaz"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*swāb"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *swāb\nOld English: Swǣfas pl, Swǣfe\nOld High German: swāb, swāp, suāb, suāp\nMiddle High German: swāp, swābe\nGerman: Schwabe\n→ Dutch: Zwaab\n→ Romanian: șvab",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *swāb\nOld English: Swǣfas pl, Swǣfe\nOld High German: swāb, swāp, suāb, suāp\nMiddle High German: swāp, swābe\nGerman: Schwabe\n→ Dutch: Zwaab\n→ Romanian: șvab"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "*ᛊᚹᚨᛒᚨᛉ",
"ts": "swābaɹ̝̊"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: *ᛊᚹᚨᛒᚨᛉ (*swabaʀ /swābaɹ̝̊/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: *ᛊᚹᚨᛒᚨᛉ (*swabaʀ /swābaɹ̝̊/)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "ᛊᚹᚨᛒᚨᚺᚨᚱᛃᚨᛉ",
"der": "1",
"ts": "Swābaharjaɹ̝̊"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Proto-Norse: ᛊᚹᚨᛒᚨᚺᚨᚱᛃᚨᛉ (swabaharjaʀ /Swābaharjaɹ̝̊/)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Proto-Norse: ᛊᚹᚨᛒᚨᚺᚨᚱᛃᚨᛉ (swabaharjaʀ /Swābaharjaɹ̝̊/)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "Sváfarr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: Sváfarr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: Sváfarr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "*sváfr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: *sváfr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: *sváfr"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "Sváfa",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Norse: Sváfa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Norse: Sváfa"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "Sváfaland",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Old Norse: Sváfaland",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Old Norse: Sváfaland"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "Suēbus",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: Suēbus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: Suēbus (plural Suēbī), Suēvus (plural Suēvī), Suēbia, Suābia"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "sueu"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: sueu",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "Suèvia",
"nolb": "1"
},
"expansion": "Suèvia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: sueu, Suèvia"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gl",
"2": "suevos"
},
"expansion": "Galician: suevos",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "place names"
},
"expansion": "(place names)",
"name": "q"
}
],
"text": "Galician: suevos; Suevos, Suegos (place names)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "Σούηβος",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Ancient Greek: Σούηβος (Soúēbos)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Ancient Greek: Σούηβος (Soúēbos)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Sueben",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ German: Sueben",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ German: Sueben"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "Suebi",
"3": "Suevi",
"4": "Swabia",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ English: Suebi, Suevi, Swabia",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ English: Suebi, Suevi, Swabia"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*swé",
"pos": "reflexive pronoun",
"t": "oneself"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swé (“oneself”, reflexive pronoun)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*svobodà",
"3": "",
"4": "freedom"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *svobodà (“freedom”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "atsvabināt",
"3": "",
"4": "to free"
},
"expansion": "Latvian atsvabināt (“to free”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "Sif",
"pos": "name of a goddess"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse Sif (name of a goddess)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*sebʰyo"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *sebʰyo",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. Possibly from Proto-Indo-European *swé (“oneself”, reflexive pronoun) with an uncertain second component, sometimes taken to be *bʰuH- despite formal difficulties. Compared to Proto-Slavic *svobodà (“freedom”), Latvian atsvabināt (“to free”). In Germanic, compare especially *sibjō (“kinship; friendship”) and Old Norse Sif (name of a goddess), plausibly derived from Proto-Indo-European *sebʰyo, the dative form of the pronoun. Note also the ethnonym *swihô (“Swede”), which like *swēbaz retains the *w. However, all connections are problematic in one way or another.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "swēbaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swēbōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swēbōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swēb",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "swēbōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "swēbōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "swēbą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swēbanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swēbas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swēbis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swēbǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swēbai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swēbamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "swēbō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "swēbamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/swēbaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies",
"gem-pro:Ethnonyms"
],
"glosses": [
"someone of the Suebi (a Swabian, but this has a modern meaning)"
],
"links": [
[
"Suebi",
"Suebi"
],
[
"Swabian",
"Swabian#English"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈswɛː.βɑz/"
}
],
"word": "swēbaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for swēbaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (6.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (b81b832 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.