See sulī in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*sul(l)i"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *sul(l)i",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *sul(l)i"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "syl",
"3": "syll"
},
"expansion": "Old English: syl, syll",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: syl, syll"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sylle",
"3": "sulle",
"4": "selle",
"5": "sille",
"alt2": "sülle"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: sylle, sülle, selle, sille",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: sylle, sülle, selle, sille"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sill"
},
"expansion": "English: sill",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: sill"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "sil",
"3": "sill"
},
"expansion": "Scots: sil, sill",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: sil, sill"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "silla",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: silla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: silla"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*selle"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *selle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *selle"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "sille"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: sille",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: sille"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*sul",
"3": "*sulli"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *sul, *sulli",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *sul, *sulli"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "sul",
"3": "sülle",
"4": "sille"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: sul, sülle, sille",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: sul, sülle, sille"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Sull",
"3": "Sülle"
},
"expansion": "Low German: Sull, Sülle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: Sull, Sülle"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*sulla"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *sulla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *sulla"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "sulle",
"3": "sille"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: sulle, sille",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: sulle, sille"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "zulle"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: zulle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: zulle"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "syll"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: syll",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: syll"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "syll",
"3": "sylla"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: syll, sylla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: syll, sylla"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "syll"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: syll",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: syll"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "syll"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: syll",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: syll"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "syl"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: syl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: syl"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "syll"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: syll",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: syll"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "syld"
},
"expansion": "Danish: syld",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: syld"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pre-Germanic",
"name": "pre-Germanic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "swelli, swella"
},
"expansion": "Old High German swelli, swella",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Schwelle",
"3": "",
"4": "threshold; railroad tie"
},
"expansion": "German Schwelle (“threshold; railroad tie”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non-own",
"2": "svalar"
},
"expansion": "Old West Norse svalar",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "svali"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish svali",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "svale, svala",
"3": "",
"4": "porch, canopy"
},
"expansion": "Swedish svale, svala (“porch, canopy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*swel-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swel-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "šelmuõ",
"3": "",
"4": "apex, roof, ridge"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian šelmuõ (“apex, roof, ridge”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "silva",
"3": "",
"4": "wood, forest"
},
"expansion": "Latin silva (“wood, forest”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "solum",
"3": "",
"4": "ground, floor, sole, bottom"
},
"expansion": "Latin solum (“ground, floor, sole, bottom”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "syll",
"3": "",
"4": "railroad tie"
},
"expansion": "Swedish syll (“railroad tie”)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a pre-Germanic ablauting paradigm *swol- ~ *sul-, with full-grade *swalī found in Old High German swelli, swella (modern German Schwelle (“threshold; railroad tie”)), Old West Norse svalar, Old Swedish svali (modern dialectal Swedish svale, svala (“porch, canopy”)). Further uncertain:\n* Traditionally, from Proto-Indo-European *swel-, *sel- (“piece of wood; beam, post, balk, board, threshold, sill”). Cognate with Lithuanian šelmuõ (“apex, roof, ridge”), Latin silva (“wood, forest”), Latin solum (“ground, floor, sole, bottom”).\n* In view of the phonetic and paradigmatic irregularities, as well as the semantic category, likely of substrate origin along with *sauliz, *sūliz (“beam; post, pillar”), *siuwilō and Swedish syll (“railroad tie”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ī/jō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "sulī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "suljôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sulī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "suljôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "suljǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "suljōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "suljōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "suljǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "suljōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "suljōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "suljō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "suljōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "*swalī",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sulī",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "suljaną"
}
],
"glosses": [
"balk, bar, threshold, sill"
],
"id": "en-sulī-gem-pro-noun-PZQyb4WF",
"links": [
[
"balk",
"balk"
],
[
"bar",
"bar"
],
[
"threshold",
"threshold"
],
[
"sill",
"sill"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "selmô"
},
{
"word": "swalī"
},
{
"word": "swilī"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "stuþilaz"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Germanic parent language"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsu.liː/"
}
],
"word": "sulī"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "suljaną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*sul(l)i"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *sul(l)i",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *sul(l)i"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "syl",
"3": "syll"
},
"expansion": "Old English: syl, syll",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: syl, syll"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "sylle",
"3": "sulle",
"4": "selle",
"5": "sille",
"alt2": "sülle"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: sylle, sülle, selle, sille",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: sylle, sülle, selle, sille"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "sill"
},
"expansion": "English: sill",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: sill"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "sil",
"3": "sill"
},
"expansion": "Scots: sil, sill",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: sil, sill"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "silla",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latin: silla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latin: silla"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*selle"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *selle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *selle"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "sille"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: sille",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: sille"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*sul",
"3": "*sulli"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *sul, *sulli",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *sul, *sulli"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "sul",
"3": "sülle",
"4": "sille"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: sul, sülle, sille",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: sul, sülle, sille"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Sull",
"3": "Sülle"
},
"expansion": "Low German: Sull, Sülle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: Sull, Sülle"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*sulla"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *sulla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *sulla"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "sulle",
"3": "sille"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: sulle, sille",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: sulle, sille"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "zulle"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: zulle",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: zulle"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "syll"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: syll",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: syll"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "syll",
"3": "sylla"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: syll, sylla",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: syll, sylla"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "syll"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: syll",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: syll"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "syll"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: syll",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: syll"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "syl"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: syl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: syl"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "syll"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: syll",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: syll"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "syld"
},
"expansion": "Danish: syld",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: syld"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "pre-Germanic",
"name": "pre-Germanic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "swelli, swella"
},
"expansion": "Old High German swelli, swella",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Schwelle",
"3": "",
"4": "threshold; railroad tie"
},
"expansion": "German Schwelle (“threshold; railroad tie”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "non-own",
"2": "svalar"
},
"expansion": "Old West Norse svalar",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "svali"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish svali",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "svale, svala",
"3": "",
"4": "porch, canopy"
},
"expansion": "Swedish svale, svala (“porch, canopy”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*swel-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *swel-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "šelmuõ",
"3": "",
"4": "apex, roof, ridge"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian šelmuõ (“apex, roof, ridge”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "silva",
"3": "",
"4": "wood, forest"
},
"expansion": "Latin silva (“wood, forest”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "solum",
"3": "",
"4": "ground, floor, sole, bottom"
},
"expansion": "Latin solum (“ground, floor, sole, bottom”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "syll",
"3": "",
"4": "railroad tie"
},
"expansion": "Swedish syll (“railroad tie”)",
"name": "m+"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a pre-Germanic ablauting paradigm *swol- ~ *sul-, with full-grade *swalī found in Old High German swelli, swella (modern German Schwelle (“threshold; railroad tie”)), Old West Norse svalar, Old Swedish svali (modern dialectal Swedish svale, svala (“porch, canopy”)). Further uncertain:\n* Traditionally, from Proto-Indo-European *swel-, *sel- (“piece of wood; beam, post, balk, board, threshold, sill”). Cognate with Lithuanian šelmuõ (“apex, roof, ridge”), Latin silva (“wood, forest”), Latin solum (“ground, floor, sole, bottom”).\n* In view of the phonetic and paradigmatic irregularities, as well as the semantic category, likely of substrate origin along with *sauliz, *sūliz (“beam; post, pillar”), *siuwilō and Swedish syll (“railroad tie”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ī/jō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "sulī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "suljôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sulī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "suljôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "suljǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "suljōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "suljōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "suljǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "suljōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "suljōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "suljō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "suljōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "*swalī",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sulī",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "selmô"
},
{
"word": "swalī"
},
{
"word": "swilī"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies",
"Proto-Germanic ī/jō-stem nouns"
],
"glosses": [
"balk, bar, threshold, sill"
],
"links": [
[
"balk",
"balk"
],
[
"bar",
"bar"
],
[
"threshold",
"threshold"
],
[
"sill",
"sill"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Germanic parent language"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈsu.liː/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "stuþilaz"
}
],
"word": "sulī"
}
Download raw JSONL data for sulī meaning in Proto-Germanic (7.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-02-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-02-21 using wiktextract (ce0be54 and f2e72e5). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.