See sternǭ in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*sternō",
"3": "*sterrō",
"g2": "m"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *sternō, *sterrō m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *sternō, *sterrō m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "steorra"
},
"expansion": "Old English: steorra, stearra, stiorra, styrra, sterra\nMiddle English: sterre, star, starre, ster, sterrie, sturre, steorra, steorre, storre (Early Middle English)\nEnglish: star (see there for further descendants)\nScots: ster\nYola: starr, steor",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: steorra, stearra, stiorra, styrra, sterra\nMiddle English: sterre, star, starre, ster, sterrie, sturre, steorra, steorre, storre (Early Middle English)\nEnglish: star (see there for further descendants)\nScots: ster\nYola: starr, steor"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "stēra"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: stēra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: stēra"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "steer"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian: steer",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian: steer"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "stjer"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: stjer",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: stjer"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "sterro"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: sterro\nMiddle Low German: stērne, stērn\nGerman Low German: Steern\nPlautdietsch: Stiern\n→ Saterland Frisian: Stiern",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: sterro\nMiddle Low German: stērne, stērn\nGerman Low German: Steern\nPlautdietsch: Stiern\n→ Saterland Frisian: Stiern"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "sterno",
"3": "sterro"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: sterno, sterro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: sterno, sterro"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "sterre"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: sterre, sterne\nDutch: ster\nAfrikaans: ster\nNegerhollands: ster\n→ Indonesian: seter\nLimburgish: stèr, stèrn\nWest Flemish: sterre",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: sterre, sterne\nDutch: ster\nAfrikaans: ster\nNegerhollands: ster\n→ Indonesian: seter\nLimburgish: stèr, stèrn\nWest Flemish: sterre"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "sterno"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: sterno, sterro, stern\nMiddle High German: stërne, stërre, stërn\nAlemannic German: Stern\nBavarian: Stean\nMòcheno: stern\nCentral Franconian: Stään, Stär, Stären, Stern\nHunsrik: Stern\nLuxembourgish: Stär\nGerman: Stern\nVilamovian: śtaom\nYiddish: שטערן (shtern)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: sterno, sterro, stern\nMiddle High German: stërne, stërre, stërn\nAlemannic German: Stern\nBavarian: Stean\nMòcheno: stern\nCentral Franconian: Stään, Stär, Stären, Stern\nHunsrik: Stern\nLuxembourgish: Stär\nGerman: Stern\nVilamovian: śtaom\nYiddish: שטערן (shtern)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "stjarna"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: stjarna\nIcelandic: stjarna\nFaroese: stjørna\nNorn: sterna\nNorwegian Bokmål: stjerne\nNorwegian Nynorsk: stjerne\nOld Swedish: stiærna\nSwedish: stjärna\nOld Danish: stiærnæ\nDanish: stjerne\nElfdalian: stienna\nGutnish: stjännå, stjänne\nScanian: stjærna\n→ Middle English: sterne, stern, starne, starn, sterrne, steorrne\nEnglish: starn (dialectal)\nScots: starn",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: stjarna\nIcelandic: stjarna\nFaroese: stjørna\nNorn: sterna\nNorwegian Bokmål: stjerne\nNorwegian Nynorsk: stjerne\nOld Swedish: stiærna\nSwedish: stjärna\nOld Danish: stiærnæ\nDanish: stjerne\nElfdalian: stienna\nGutnish: stjännå, stjänne\nScanian: stjærna\n→ Middle English: sterne, stern, starne, starn, sterrne, steorrne\nEnglish: starn (dialectal)\nScots: starn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Germanic"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍉"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍉 (stairnō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍉 (stairnō)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gme-cgo",
"2": "stein"
},
"expansion": "Crimean Gothic: stein",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Crimean Gothic: stein"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂stḗr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr. According to Kroonen, the word became an n-stem in Germanic, Pre-Germanic *h₂stérōn, gen. *h₂sternés, which gave rise to two stems, *ster- and *sterr-, the latter through Kluge's law. The forms showing *stern- have reintroduced the -n- from the cases where it had not been assimilated.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ōn-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "sternǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sternōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sternǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sternōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sternōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sternōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sternōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sternōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sternōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sternōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sternōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sternōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sternǭ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "sebunstirniją"
}
],
"glosses": [
"star"
],
"id": "en-sternǭ-gem-pro-noun-Ul7KHVCJ",
"links": [
[
"star",
"star"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sternô"
}
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Kluge's law"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈster.nɔ̃ː/"
}
],
"word": "sternǭ"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "sebunstirniją"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*sternō",
"3": "*sterrō",
"g2": "m"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *sternō, *sterrō m",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *sternō, *sterrō m"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "steorra"
},
"expansion": "Old English: steorra, stearra, stiorra, styrra, sterra\nMiddle English: sterre, star, starre, ster, sterrie, sturre, steorra, steorre, storre (Early Middle English)\nEnglish: star (see there for further descendants)\nScots: ster\nYola: starr, steor",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: steorra, stearra, stiorra, styrra, sterra\nMiddle English: sterre, star, starre, ster, sterrie, sturre, steorra, steorre, storre (Early Middle English)\nEnglish: star (see there for further descendants)\nScots: ster\nYola: starr, steor"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "stēra"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: stēra",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: stēra"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frr",
"2": "steer"
},
"expansion": "North Frisian: steer",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "North Frisian: steer"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "stjer"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: stjer",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: stjer"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "sterro"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: sterro\nMiddle Low German: stērne, stērn\nGerman Low German: Steern\nPlautdietsch: Stiern\n→ Saterland Frisian: Stiern",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: sterro\nMiddle Low German: stērne, stērn\nGerman Low German: Steern\nPlautdietsch: Stiern\n→ Saterland Frisian: Stiern"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "sterno",
"3": "sterro"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: sterno, sterro",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: sterno, sterro"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "sterre"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: sterre, sterne\nDutch: ster\nAfrikaans: ster\nNegerhollands: ster\n→ Indonesian: seter\nLimburgish: stèr, stèrn\nWest Flemish: sterre",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: sterre, sterne\nDutch: ster\nAfrikaans: ster\nNegerhollands: ster\n→ Indonesian: seter\nLimburgish: stèr, stèrn\nWest Flemish: sterre"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "sterno"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: sterno, sterro, stern\nMiddle High German: stërne, stërre, stërn\nAlemannic German: Stern\nBavarian: Stean\nMòcheno: stern\nCentral Franconian: Stään, Stär, Stären, Stern\nHunsrik: Stern\nLuxembourgish: Stär\nGerman: Stern\nVilamovian: śtaom\nYiddish: שטערן (shtern)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: sterno, sterro, stern\nMiddle High German: stërne, stërre, stërn\nAlemannic German: Stern\nBavarian: Stean\nMòcheno: stern\nCentral Franconian: Stään, Stär, Stären, Stern\nHunsrik: Stern\nLuxembourgish: Stär\nGerman: Stern\nVilamovian: śtaom\nYiddish: שטערן (shtern)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "stjarna"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: stjarna\nIcelandic: stjarna\nFaroese: stjørna\nNorn: sterna\nNorwegian Bokmål: stjerne\nNorwegian Nynorsk: stjerne\nOld Swedish: stiærna\nSwedish: stjärna\nOld Danish: stiærnæ\nDanish: stjerne\nElfdalian: stienna\nGutnish: stjännå, stjänne\nScanian: stjærna\n→ Middle English: sterne, stern, starne, starn, sterrne, steorrne\nEnglish: starn (dialectal)\nScots: starn",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: stjarna\nIcelandic: stjarna\nFaroese: stjørna\nNorn: sterna\nNorwegian Bokmål: stjerne\nNorwegian Nynorsk: stjerne\nOld Swedish: stiærna\nSwedish: stjärna\nOld Danish: stiærnæ\nDanish: stjerne\nElfdalian: stienna\nGutnish: stjännå, stjänne\nScanian: stjærna\n→ Middle English: sterne, stern, starne, starn, sterrne, steorrne\nEnglish: starn (dialectal)\nScots: starn"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [],
"text": "East Germanic"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍉"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍉 (stairnō)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐍂𐌽𐍉 (stairnō)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gme-cgo",
"2": "stein"
},
"expansion": "Crimean Gothic: stein",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Crimean Gothic: stein"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₂stḗr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *h₂stḗr. According to Kroonen, the word became an n-stem in Germanic, Pre-Germanic *h₂stérōn, gen. *h₂sternés, which gave rise to two stems, *ster- and *sterr-, the latter through Kluge's law. The forms showing *stern- have reintroduced the -n- from the cases where it had not been assimilated.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ōn-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "sternǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sternōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sternǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sternōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "sternōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sternōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sternōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sternōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sternōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sternōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "sternōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "sternōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/sternǭ",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic ōn-stem nouns",
"gem-pro:Astronomy",
"gem-pro:Celestial bodies"
],
"glosses": [
"star"
],
"links": [
[
"star",
"star"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Kluge's law"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈster.nɔ̃ː/"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "sternô"
}
],
"word": "sternǭ"
}
Download raw JSONL data for sternǭ meaning in Proto-Germanic (6.8kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.