"stelaną" meaning in Proto-Germanic

See stelaną in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Verb

IPA: /ˈste.lɑ.nɑ̃/
Etymology: According to Kroonen & Lubotsky (2009), from Proto-Indo-European *tsel- (“to sneak”) (compare e.g. Sanskrit त्सर् (tsar), Shughni сӗрт (“to steal, sneak”), Old Armenian սողիմ (sołim, “to creep, to steal”)). The supposed metathesis *ts > *st has no exact parallels, but a similar development appears in *spenô (“nipple”), from Proto-Indo-European *pstḗn (“breast”). Numerous other etymologies with semantic or phonetic difficulties have been earlier proposed as well. Etymology templates: {{inh|gem-pro|ine-pro|*tsel-||to sneak}} Proto-Indo-European *tsel- (“to sneak”), {{cog|sa|त्सर्}} Sanskrit त्सर् (tsar), {{cog|sgh|сӗрт||to steal, sneak}} Shughni сӗрт (“to steal, sneak”), {{cog|xcl|սողիմ||to creep, to steal}} Old Armenian սողիմ (sołim, “to creep, to steal”), {{cog|ine-pro|*pstḗn||breast}} Proto-Indo-European *pstḗn (“breast”) Inflection templates: {{gem-conj-st|stel|stal|stēl|stul|class=4}} Forms: strong [table-tags], stelō [active, first-person, indicative, singular], stelaų [active, first-person, singular, subjunctive], - [active, first-person, imperative, singular], stelai [first-person, indicative, passive, singular], - [first-person, passive, singular, subjunctive], stilizi [active, indicative, second-person, singular], stelaiz [active, second-person, singular, subjunctive], stel [active, imperative, second-person, singular], stelazai [indicative, passive, second-person, singular], stelaizau [passive, second-person, singular, subjunctive], stilidi [active, indicative, singular, third-person], stelai [active, singular, subjunctive, third-person], steladau [active, imperative, singular, third-person], steladai [indicative, passive, singular, third-person], stelaidau [passive, singular, subjunctive, third-person], stelōz [active, dual, first-person, indicative], stelaiw [active, dual, first-person, subjunctive], - [active, dual, first-person, imperative], - [dual, first-person, indicative, passive], - [dual, first-person, passive, subjunctive], steladiz [active, dual, indicative, second-person], stelaidiz [active, dual, second-person, subjunctive], steladiz [active, dual, imperative, second-person], - [dual, indicative, passive, second-person], - [dual, passive, second-person, subjunctive], stelamaz [active, first-person, indicative, plural], stelaim [active, first-person, plural, subjunctive], - [active, first-person, imperative, plural], stelandai [first-person, indicative, passive, plural], stelaindau [first-person, passive, plural, subjunctive], stilid [active, indicative, plural, second-person], stelaid [active, plural, second-person, subjunctive], stilid [active, imperative, plural, second-person], stelandai [indicative, passive, plural, second-person], stelaindau [passive, plural, second-person, subjunctive], stelandi [active, indicative, plural, third-person], stelain [active, plural, subjunctive, third-person], stelandau [active, imperative, plural, third-person], stelandai [indicative, passive, plural, third-person], stelaindau [passive, plural, subjunctive, third-person], stal [active, first-person, indicative, singular], stēlį̄ [active, first-person, singular, subjunctive], stalt [active, indicative, second-person, singular], stēlīz [active, second-person, singular, subjunctive], stal [active, indicative, singular, third-person], stēlī [active, singular, subjunctive, third-person], stēlū [active, dual, first-person, indicative], stēlīw [active, dual, first-person, subjunctive], stēludiz [active, dual, indicative, second-person], stēlīdiz [active, dual, second-person, subjunctive], stēlum [active, first-person, indicative, plural], stēlīm [active, first-person, plural, subjunctive], stēlud [active, indicative, plural, second-person], stēlīd [active, plural, second-person, subjunctive], stēlun [active, indicative, plural, third-person], stēlīn [active, plural, subjunctive, third-person], stelandz [active, participle, present], stulanaz [active, participle, past, subjunctive]
  1. to steal Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-stelaną-gem-pro-verb-6exYWwd2
  2. to sneak Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-stelaną-gem-pro-verb-0MrTOxoq Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 30 70 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 19 81 Disambiguation of Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header: 13 87
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: hlefaną Derived forms: stuldiz, stulraz Related terms: stalōną, stullōną
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "stuldiz"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "stulraz"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*stelan"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *stelan\nOld English: stelan\nMiddle English: stelen\nEnglish: steal\nOld Frisian: stela\nWest Frisian: stelle\nOld Saxon: stelan\nLow German: stehlen\nOld Dutch: *stelan\nMiddle Dutch: stēlen\nDutch: stelen\nAfrikaans: steel\nLimburgish: staele\nOld High German: stelan\nMiddle High German: stelen, steln\nBavarian: stäihn, stöhln, stöhn\nGerman: stehlen\n→ Esperanto: ŝteli\nLuxembourgish: stielen",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *stelan\nOld English: stelan\nMiddle English: stelen\nEnglish: steal\nOld Frisian: stela\nWest Frisian: stelle\nOld Saxon: stelan\nLow German: stehlen\nOld Dutch: *stelan\nMiddle Dutch: stēlen\nDutch: stelen\nAfrikaans: steel\nLimburgish: staele\nOld High German: stelan\nMiddle High German: stelen, steln\nBavarian: stäihn, stöhln, stöhn\nGerman: stehlen\n→ Esperanto: ŝteli\nLuxembourgish: stielen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "stela"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: stela, stjala\nIcelandic: stela\nFaroese: stjala\nNorwegian Nynorsk: stela, stele\nJamtish: stjæła\nElfdalian: stjälå\nOld Swedish: stiæla, stæla, stiala\nSwedish: stjäla\nOld Danish: stælæ, stialæ, stiælæ\nDanish: stjæle\nNorwegian Bokmål: stjele\nScanian: stjæla\nGutnish: stjäle",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: stela, stjala\nIcelandic: stela\nFaroese: stjala\nNorwegian Nynorsk: stela, stele\nJamtish: stjæła\nElfdalian: stjälå\nOld Swedish: stiæla, stæla, stiala\nSwedish: stjäla\nOld Danish: stælæ, stialæ, stiælæ\nDanish: stjæle\nNorwegian Bokmål: stjele\nScanian: stjæla\nGutnish: stjäle"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌽"
          },
          "expansion": "Gothic: 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌽 (stilan)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gothic: 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌽 (stilan)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xvn",
            "2": "*stel-"
          },
          "expansion": "Vandalic: *stel-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Vandalic: *stel-"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*tsel-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to sneak"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tsel- (“to sneak”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "त्सर्"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit त्सर् (tsar)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sgh",
        "2": "сӗрт",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to steal, sneak"
      },
      "expansion": "Shughni сӗрт (“to steal, sneak”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "սողիմ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to creep, to steal"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian սողիմ (sołim, “to creep, to steal”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*pstḗn",
        "3": "",
        "4": "breast"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pstḗn (“breast”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "According to Kroonen & Lubotsky (2009), from Proto-Indo-European *tsel- (“to sneak”) (compare e.g. Sanskrit त्सर् (tsar), Shughni сӗрт (“to steal, sneak”), Old Armenian սողիմ (sołim, “to creep, to steal”)). The supposed metathesis *ts > *st has no exact parallels, but a similar development appears in *spenô (“nipple”), from Proto-Indo-European *pstḗn (“breast”). Numerous other etymologies with semantic or phonetic difficulties have been earlier proposed as well.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-conj-st",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "4",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stelō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stelaų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stelai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stilizi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stelaiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stel",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stelazai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stelaizau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stilidi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stelai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "steladau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "steladai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stelaidau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stelōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stelaiw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "steladiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stelaidiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "steladiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stelamaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stelaim",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stelandai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stelaindau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stilid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stelaid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stilid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stelandai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stelaindau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stelandi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stelain",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stelandau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stelandai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stelaindau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stal",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stēlį̄",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stalt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stēlīz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stal",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stēlī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stēlū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stēlīw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stēludiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stēlīdiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stēlum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stēlīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stēlud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stēlīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stēlun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stēlīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stelandz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stulanaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "stel",
        "2": "stal",
        "3": "stēl",
        "4": "stul",
        "class": "4"
      },
      "name": "gem-conj-st"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stelaną",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "stalōną"
    },
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "stullōną"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to steal"
      ],
      "id": "en-stelaną-gem-pro-verb-6exYWwd2",
      "links": [
        [
          "steal",
          "steal"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "30 70",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "19 81",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "13 87",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "to sneak"
      ],
      "id": "en-stelaną-gem-pro-verb-0MrTOxoq",
      "links": [
        [
          "sneak",
          "sneak"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈste.lɑ.nɑ̃/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0",
      "word": "hlefaną"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "stelaną"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Proto-Germanic class 4 strong verbs",
    "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
    "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Germanic verbs"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "stuldiz"
    },
    {
      "word": "stulraz"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*stelan"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *stelan\nOld English: stelan\nMiddle English: stelen\nEnglish: steal\nOld Frisian: stela\nWest Frisian: stelle\nOld Saxon: stelan\nLow German: stehlen\nOld Dutch: *stelan\nMiddle Dutch: stēlen\nDutch: stelen\nAfrikaans: steel\nLimburgish: staele\nOld High German: stelan\nMiddle High German: stelen, steln\nBavarian: stäihn, stöhln, stöhn\nGerman: stehlen\n→ Esperanto: ŝteli\nLuxembourgish: stielen",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *stelan\nOld English: stelan\nMiddle English: stelen\nEnglish: steal\nOld Frisian: stela\nWest Frisian: stelle\nOld Saxon: stelan\nLow German: stehlen\nOld Dutch: *stelan\nMiddle Dutch: stēlen\nDutch: stelen\nAfrikaans: steel\nLimburgish: staele\nOld High German: stelan\nMiddle High German: stelen, steln\nBavarian: stäihn, stöhln, stöhn\nGerman: stehlen\n→ Esperanto: ŝteli\nLuxembourgish: stielen"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "stela"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: stela, stjala\nIcelandic: stela\nFaroese: stjala\nNorwegian Nynorsk: stela, stele\nJamtish: stjæła\nElfdalian: stjälå\nOld Swedish: stiæla, stæla, stiala\nSwedish: stjäla\nOld Danish: stælæ, stialæ, stiælæ\nDanish: stjæle\nNorwegian Bokmål: stjele\nScanian: stjæla\nGutnish: stjäle",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: stela, stjala\nIcelandic: stela\nFaroese: stjala\nNorwegian Nynorsk: stela, stele\nJamtish: stjæła\nElfdalian: stjälå\nOld Swedish: stiæla, stæla, stiala\nSwedish: stjäla\nOld Danish: stælæ, stialæ, stiælæ\nDanish: stjæle\nNorwegian Bokmål: stjele\nScanian: stjæla\nGutnish: stjäle"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌽"
          },
          "expansion": "Gothic: 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌽 (stilan)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gothic: 𐍃𐍄𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌽 (stilan)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "xvn",
            "2": "*stel-"
          },
          "expansion": "Vandalic: *stel-",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Vandalic: *stel-"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*tsel-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to sneak"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *tsel- (“to sneak”)",
      "name": "inh"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "त्सर्"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit त्सर् (tsar)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sgh",
        "2": "сӗрт",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to steal, sneak"
      },
      "expansion": "Shughni сӗрт (“to steal, sneak”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "xcl",
        "2": "սողիմ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to creep, to steal"
      },
      "expansion": "Old Armenian սողիմ (sołim, “to creep, to steal”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "ine-pro",
        "2": "*pstḗn",
        "3": "",
        "4": "breast"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *pstḗn (“breast”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "According to Kroonen & Lubotsky (2009), from Proto-Indo-European *tsel- (“to sneak”) (compare e.g. Sanskrit त्सर् (tsar), Shughni сӗрт (“to steal, sneak”), Old Armenian սողիմ (sołim, “to creep, to steal”)). The supposed metathesis *ts > *st has no exact parallels, but a similar development appears in *spenô (“nipple”), from Proto-Indo-European *pstḗn (“breast”). Numerous other etymologies with semantic or phonetic difficulties have been earlier proposed as well.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "strong",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-conj-st",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "4",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stelō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stelaų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stelai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stilizi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stelaiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stel",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stelazai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stelaizau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stilidi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stelai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "steladau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "steladai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stelaidau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stelōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stelaiw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "imperative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "steladiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stelaidiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "steladiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "imperative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dual",
        "passive",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stelamaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stelaim",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "imperative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stelandai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stelaindau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "first-person",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stilid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stelaid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stilid",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stelandai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stelaindau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stelandi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stelain",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stelandau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "imperative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stelandai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "indicative",
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stelaindau",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "passive",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stal",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stēlį̄",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stalt",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "second-person",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stēlīz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "second-person",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stal",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "singular",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stēlī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "singular",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stēlū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "indicative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stēlīw",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "first-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stēludiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "indicative",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stēlīdiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "dual",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stēlum",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "indicative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stēlīm",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "first-person",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stēlud",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "second-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stēlīd",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "second-person",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stēlun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "indicative",
        "plural",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stēlīn",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "plural",
        "subjunctive",
        "third-person"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stelandz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "present"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "stulanaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "active",
        "participle",
        "past",
        "subjunctive"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "stel",
        "2": "stal",
        "3": "stēl",
        "4": "stul",
        "class": "4"
      },
      "name": "gem-conj-st"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stelaną",
  "pos": "verb",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "stalōną"
    },
    {
      "word": "stullōną"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to steal"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "steal",
          "steal"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "to sneak"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sneak",
          "sneak"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈste.lɑ.nɑ̃/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "hlefaną"
    }
  ],
  "wikipedia": [
    "Brill Publishers"
  ],
  "word": "stelaną"
}

Download raw JSONL data for stelaną meaning in Proto-Germanic (10.5kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-21 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (d8cb2f3 and 4e554ae). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.