See stapulaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*stapul"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *stapul\nOld English: stapol, stapel\nMiddle English: stapel, stapil, stapile, staple, stapul, stable\nEnglish: staple\nScots: steeple\nOld Frisian: stapul\nSaterland Frisian: Stoapel\nWest Frisian: steapel\nOld Saxon: stapol\nMiddle Low German: stapel\nGerman Low German: Stapel\n→ German: Stapel\n→ Yiddish: שטאַפּל (shtapl)\nOld Dutch: stapul, stapal\nMiddle Dutch: stāpel\nDutch: stapel\nAfrikaans: stapel\nOld High German: staffal, stapfal\nMiddle High German: staffel, stapfel\nGerman: Staffel\n→ Late Latin: stapula\nOld French: estaple\nAnglo-Norman: staple\n→ Middle English: staple, stapel, stapil, stapul\nEnglish: staple\nScots: stapill, staple, steple\nMiddle French: estappe\nFrench: étape (see there for further descendants)\n→ Italian: stapula",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *stapul\nOld English: stapol, stapel\nMiddle English: stapel, stapil, stapile, staple, stapul, stable\nEnglish: staple\nScots: steeple\nOld Frisian: stapul\nSaterland Frisian: Stoapel\nWest Frisian: steapel\nOld Saxon: stapol\nMiddle Low German: stapel\nGerman Low German: Stapel\n→ German: Stapel\n→ Yiddish: שטאַפּל (shtapl)\nOld Dutch: stapul, stapal\nMiddle Dutch: stāpel\nDutch: stapel\nAfrikaans: stapel\nOld High German: staffal, stapfal\nMiddle High German: staffel, stapfel\nGerman: Staffel\n→ Late Latin: stapula\nOld French: estaple\nAnglo-Norman: staple\n→ Middle English: staple, stapel, stapil, stapul\nEnglish: staple\nScots: stapill, staple, steple\nMiddle French: estappe\nFrench: étape (see there for further descendants)\n→ Italian: stapula"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "stǫpull"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: stǫpull",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: stǫpull"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "stöpull"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: stöpull",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: stöpull"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "støpul"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: støpul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: støpul"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "stopul"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: stopul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: stopul"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "stapul"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: stapul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: stapul"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "stapel"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: stapel\n→ Finnish: taapeli",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: stapel\n→ Finnish: taapeli"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-oda",
"2": "stapæl"
},
"expansion": "Old Danish: stapæl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Danish: stapæl"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "stabel",
"3": "stapel",
"4": "stavl"
},
"expansion": "Danish: stabel, stapel, stavl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: stabel, stapel, stavl"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "stabel"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: stabel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: stabel"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "stabel",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: stabel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: stabel"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "stafli",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Icelandic: stafli",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Icelandic: stafli"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-scy",
"2": "stabel"
},
"expansion": "Scanian: stabel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scanian: stabel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*sapilas",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *sapilas",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *sapilas (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*stebʰ-",
"t": "stem, post"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *stebʰ- (“stem, post”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Related to *stapiz (“a step”). Note semantic similarities to Proto-Indo-European *stebʰ- (“stem, post”), whence *stabaz (“staff, stick”), though the consonant finals are difficult to reconcile.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "stapulaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stapulōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stapulōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stapul",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "stapulōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "stapulōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "stapulą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stapulanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stapulas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stapulis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stapulǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stapulai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stapulamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stapulō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stapulamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stapulaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"pillar, post"
],
"id": "en-stapulaz-gem-pro-noun-6Ry5UoNb",
"links": [
[
"pillar",
"pillar"
],
[
"post",
"post"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "44 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "32 68",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "36 64",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"basis, foundation"
],
"id": "en-stapulaz-gem-pro-noun-c35r-VwN",
"links": [
[
"basis",
"basis"
],
[
"foundation",
"foundation"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "stapulaz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*stapul"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *stapul\nOld English: stapol, stapel\nMiddle English: stapel, stapil, stapile, staple, stapul, stable\nEnglish: staple\nScots: steeple\nOld Frisian: stapul\nSaterland Frisian: Stoapel\nWest Frisian: steapel\nOld Saxon: stapol\nMiddle Low German: stapel\nGerman Low German: Stapel\n→ German: Stapel\n→ Yiddish: שטאַפּל (shtapl)\nOld Dutch: stapul, stapal\nMiddle Dutch: stāpel\nDutch: stapel\nAfrikaans: stapel\nOld High German: staffal, stapfal\nMiddle High German: staffel, stapfel\nGerman: Staffel\n→ Late Latin: stapula\nOld French: estaple\nAnglo-Norman: staple\n→ Middle English: staple, stapel, stapil, stapul\nEnglish: staple\nScots: stapill, staple, steple\nMiddle French: estappe\nFrench: étape (see there for further descendants)\n→ Italian: stapula",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *stapul\nOld English: stapol, stapel\nMiddle English: stapel, stapil, stapile, staple, stapul, stable\nEnglish: staple\nScots: steeple\nOld Frisian: stapul\nSaterland Frisian: Stoapel\nWest Frisian: steapel\nOld Saxon: stapol\nMiddle Low German: stapel\nGerman Low German: Stapel\n→ German: Stapel\n→ Yiddish: שטאַפּל (shtapl)\nOld Dutch: stapul, stapal\nMiddle Dutch: stāpel\nDutch: stapel\nAfrikaans: stapel\nOld High German: staffal, stapfal\nMiddle High German: staffel, stapfel\nGerman: Staffel\n→ Late Latin: stapula\nOld French: estaple\nAnglo-Norman: staple\n→ Middle English: staple, stapel, stapil, stapul\nEnglish: staple\nScots: stapill, staple, steple\nMiddle French: estappe\nFrench: étape (see there for further descendants)\n→ Italian: stapula"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "stǫpull"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: stǫpull",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: stǫpull"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "stöpull"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: stöpull",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: stöpull"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "støpul"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: støpul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: støpul"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "stopul"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: stopul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: stopul"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "stapul"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: stapul",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: stapul"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "stapel"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: stapel\n→ Finnish: taapeli",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: stapel\n→ Finnish: taapeli"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-oda",
"2": "stapæl"
},
"expansion": "Old Danish: stapæl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Danish: stapæl"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "stabel",
"3": "stapel",
"4": "stavl"
},
"expansion": "Danish: stabel, stapel, stavl",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: stabel, stapel, stavl"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "stabel"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: stabel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: stabel"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "stabel",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: stabel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Nynorsk: stabel"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "stafli",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Icelandic: stafli",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Icelandic: stafli"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-scy",
"2": "stabel"
},
"expansion": "Scanian: stabel",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scanian: stabel"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*sapilas",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *sapilas",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *sapilas (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*stebʰ-",
"t": "stem, post"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *stebʰ- (“stem, post”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Related to *stapiz (“a step”). Note semantic similarities to Proto-Indo-European *stebʰ- (“stem, post”), whence *stabaz (“staff, stick”), though the consonant finals are difficult to reconcile.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "stapulaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stapulōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stapulōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stapul",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "stapulōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "stapulōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "stapulą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stapulanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stapulas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stapulis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stapulǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stapulai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stapulamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stapulō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stapulamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stapulaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"pillar, post"
],
"links": [
[
"pillar",
"pillar"
],
[
"post",
"post"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"basis, foundation"
],
"links": [
[
"basis",
"basis"
],
[
"foundation",
"foundation"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "stapulaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for stapulaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (6.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-01-25 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-01-20 using wiktextract (c15a5ce and 5c11237). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.