See stainaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*stain"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *stain\nOld English: stān\nMiddle English: ston, stan, stane, stoan, stone, stoon, stoone\nEnglish: stone (see there for further descendants)\nGeordie English: styen\nScots: stane\nYola: sthoan\n→ Anglo-Norman: ston\nOld Frisian: stēn\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: stian\nGoesharde: stiin\nHalligen: stian\nHeligoland: Stean\nMooring: stiinj\nSylt: Stiin\nWiedingharde: stiin\nSaterland Frisian: Steen\nWest Frisian: stien\nOld Saxon: stēn\nMiddle Low German: stên, stein\nLow German: Steen, Stein\nGerman Low German: Steen, Sten\nHamburgisch: Steen\nWestphalian:\nRavensbergisch-Lippisch: Stëin\nLippisch: Steun\nSauerländisch: Stäin, Stoin, Stǟn, Stain, Steyn\nWestmünsterländisch: Steen\nPlautdietsch: Steen\nOld Dutch: stēn\nMiddle Dutch: stêen\nDutch: steen\nAfrikaans: steen\n→ Sotho: setene\n→ Southern Ndebele: isitina\n→ Zulu: isitini\nFanagalo: stin\nBerbice Creole Dutch: ten\nNegerhollands: steen, stin, sten\n→ Virgin Islands Creole: sten (dated)\nSkepi Creole Dutch: stene, stenna\n→ Papiamentu: stenchi (from the diminutive)\nLimburgish: stein\nOld High German: stein\nMiddle High German: stein\nAlemannic German: Steei\nSwabian: Schdoi, Schdoa\nBavarian: Staa, Stan, Stoa, Stoan, Stuan\nCentral Franconian: Stään, Steen, Stein\nHunsrik: Steen, xtayn\nTransylvanian Saxon: Stien\nGerman: Stein\nLuxembourgish: Steen\nVilamovian: śtan\nYiddish: שטיין (shteyn)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *stain\nOld English: stān\nMiddle English: ston, stan, stane, stoan, stone, stoon, stoone\nEnglish: stone (see there for further descendants)\nGeordie English: styen\nScots: stane\nYola: sthoan\n→ Anglo-Norman: ston\nOld Frisian: stēn\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: stian\nGoesharde: stiin\nHalligen: stian\nHeligoland: Stean\nMooring: stiinj\nSylt: Stiin\nWiedingharde: stiin\nSaterland Frisian: Steen\nWest Frisian: stien\nOld Saxon: stēn\nMiddle Low German: stên, stein\nLow German: Steen, Stein\nGerman Low German: Steen, Sten\nHamburgisch: Steen\nWestphalian:\nRavensbergisch-Lippisch: Stëin\nLippisch: Steun\nSauerländisch: Stäin, Stoin, Stǟn, Stain, Steyn\nWestmünsterländisch: Steen\nPlautdietsch: Steen\nOld Dutch: stēn\nMiddle Dutch: stêen\nDutch: steen\nAfrikaans: steen\n→ Sotho: setene\n→ Southern Ndebele: isitina\n→ Zulu: isitini\nFanagalo: stin\nBerbice Creole Dutch: ten\nNegerhollands: steen, stin, sten\n→ Virgin Islands Creole: sten (dated)\nSkepi Creole Dutch: stene, stenna\n→ Papiamentu: stenchi (from the diminutive)\nLimburgish: stein\nOld High German: stein\nMiddle High German: stein\nAlemannic German: Steei\nSwabian: Schdoi, Schdoa\nBavarian: Staa, Stan, Stoa, Stoan, Stuan\nCentral Franconian: Stään, Steen, Stein\nHunsrik: Steen, xtayn\nTransylvanian Saxon: Stien\nGerman: Stein\nLuxembourgish: Steen\nVilamovian: śtan\nYiddish: שטיין (shteyn)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "ᛊᛏᚨᛁᚾᚨᛉ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: ᛊᛏᚨᛁᚾᚨᛉ (stainaʀ)\nOld Norse: steinn, ᛋᛏᛡᛁᚾ (stᴀin), ᛋᛏᛅᛁᚾ (stain), ᛋᛏᛁᚾ (stin), stæinn — Old East Norse\nIcelandic: steinn\nFaroese: steinur\nNorn: stenn, sten\nNorwegian Nynorsk: stein\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: stein\nJamtish: stein\nElfdalian: stien\nOld Swedish: stēn\nSwedish: sten\nOld Danish: stēn\nScanian: stén\nDanish: sten\nNorwegian Bokmål: sten\nOld Gutnish: stain\nGutnish: stain\n→ Middle English: steinen, steynen\nEnglish: stain",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: ᛊᛏᚨᛁᚾᚨᛉ (stainaʀ)\nOld Norse: steinn, ᛋᛏᛡᛁᚾ (stᴀin), ᛋᛏᛅᛁᚾ (stain), ᛋᛏᛁᚾ (stin), stæinn — Old East Norse\nIcelandic: steinn\nFaroese: steinur\nNorn: stenn, sten\nNorwegian Nynorsk: stein\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: stein\nJamtish: stein\nElfdalian: stien\nOld Swedish: stēn\nSwedish: sten\nOld Danish: stēn\nScanian: stén\nDanish: sten\nNorwegian Bokmål: sten\nOld Gutnish: stain\nGutnish: stain\n→ Middle English: steinen, steynen\nEnglish: stain"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (stains)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (stains)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*steyh₂-",
"4": "",
"5": "to stiffen"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *steyh₂- (“to stiffen”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*stěna",
"3": "",
"4": "cliff, rock"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *stěna (“cliff, rock”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "στῖον",
"3": "",
"4": "pebble"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek στῖον (stîon, “pebble”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Pre-Germanic *stoyh₂nos, o-grade from Proto-Indo-European *steyh₂- (“to stiffen”). Compare Proto-Slavic *stěna (“cliff, rock”) and Ancient Greek στῖον (stîon, “pebble”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "stainaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stainōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stainōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stain",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "stainōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "stainōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "stainą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stainanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stainas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stainis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stainǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stainai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stainamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stainō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stainamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stainaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "agjōstainaz"
},
{
"word": "stainagaz"
},
{
"word": "stainijaną"
},
{
"word": "stainīnaz"
}
],
"glosses": [
"stone"
],
"id": "en-stainaz-gem-pro-noun-3D1Q2o2s",
"links": [
[
"stone",
"stone"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈstɑi̯.nɑz/"
}
],
"word": "stainaz"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "agjōstainaz"
},
{
"word": "stainagaz"
},
{
"word": "stainijaną"
},
{
"word": "stainīnaz"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*stain"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *stain\nOld English: stān\nMiddle English: ston, stan, stane, stoan, stone, stoon, stoone\nEnglish: stone (see there for further descendants)\nGeordie English: styen\nScots: stane\nYola: sthoan\n→ Anglo-Norman: ston\nOld Frisian: stēn\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: stian\nGoesharde: stiin\nHalligen: stian\nHeligoland: Stean\nMooring: stiinj\nSylt: Stiin\nWiedingharde: stiin\nSaterland Frisian: Steen\nWest Frisian: stien\nOld Saxon: stēn\nMiddle Low German: stên, stein\nLow German: Steen, Stein\nGerman Low German: Steen, Sten\nHamburgisch: Steen\nWestphalian:\nRavensbergisch-Lippisch: Stëin\nLippisch: Steun\nSauerländisch: Stäin, Stoin, Stǟn, Stain, Steyn\nWestmünsterländisch: Steen\nPlautdietsch: Steen\nOld Dutch: stēn\nMiddle Dutch: stêen\nDutch: steen\nAfrikaans: steen\n→ Sotho: setene\n→ Southern Ndebele: isitina\n→ Zulu: isitini\nFanagalo: stin\nBerbice Creole Dutch: ten\nNegerhollands: steen, stin, sten\n→ Virgin Islands Creole: sten (dated)\nSkepi Creole Dutch: stene, stenna\n→ Papiamentu: stenchi (from the diminutive)\nLimburgish: stein\nOld High German: stein\nMiddle High German: stein\nAlemannic German: Steei\nSwabian: Schdoi, Schdoa\nBavarian: Staa, Stan, Stoa, Stoan, Stuan\nCentral Franconian: Stään, Steen, Stein\nHunsrik: Steen, xtayn\nTransylvanian Saxon: Stien\nGerman: Stein\nLuxembourgish: Steen\nVilamovian: śtan\nYiddish: שטיין (shteyn)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *stain\nOld English: stān\nMiddle English: ston, stan, stane, stoan, stone, stoon, stoone\nEnglish: stone (see there for further descendants)\nGeordie English: styen\nScots: stane\nYola: sthoan\n→ Anglo-Norman: ston\nOld Frisian: stēn\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: stian\nGoesharde: stiin\nHalligen: stian\nHeligoland: Stean\nMooring: stiinj\nSylt: Stiin\nWiedingharde: stiin\nSaterland Frisian: Steen\nWest Frisian: stien\nOld Saxon: stēn\nMiddle Low German: stên, stein\nLow German: Steen, Stein\nGerman Low German: Steen, Sten\nHamburgisch: Steen\nWestphalian:\nRavensbergisch-Lippisch: Stëin\nLippisch: Steun\nSauerländisch: Stäin, Stoin, Stǟn, Stain, Steyn\nWestmünsterländisch: Steen\nPlautdietsch: Steen\nOld Dutch: stēn\nMiddle Dutch: stêen\nDutch: steen\nAfrikaans: steen\n→ Sotho: setene\n→ Southern Ndebele: isitina\n→ Zulu: isitini\nFanagalo: stin\nBerbice Creole Dutch: ten\nNegerhollands: steen, stin, sten\n→ Virgin Islands Creole: sten (dated)\nSkepi Creole Dutch: stene, stenna\n→ Papiamentu: stenchi (from the diminutive)\nLimburgish: stein\nOld High German: stein\nMiddle High German: stein\nAlemannic German: Steei\nSwabian: Schdoi, Schdoa\nBavarian: Staa, Stan, Stoa, Stoan, Stuan\nCentral Franconian: Stään, Steen, Stein\nHunsrik: Steen, xtayn\nTransylvanian Saxon: Stien\nGerman: Stein\nLuxembourgish: Steen\nVilamovian: śtan\nYiddish: שטיין (shteyn)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "ᛊᛏᚨᛁᚾᚨᛉ"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: ᛊᛏᚨᛁᚾᚨᛉ (stainaʀ)\nOld Norse: steinn, ᛋᛏᛡᛁᚾ (stᴀin), ᛋᛏᛅᛁᚾ (stain), ᛋᛏᛁᚾ (stin), stæinn — Old East Norse\nIcelandic: steinn\nFaroese: steinur\nNorn: stenn, sten\nNorwegian Nynorsk: stein\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: stein\nJamtish: stein\nElfdalian: stien\nOld Swedish: stēn\nSwedish: sten\nOld Danish: stēn\nScanian: stén\nDanish: sten\nNorwegian Bokmål: sten\nOld Gutnish: stain\nGutnish: stain\n→ Middle English: steinen, steynen\nEnglish: stain",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: ᛊᛏᚨᛁᚾᚨᛉ (stainaʀ)\nOld Norse: steinn, ᛋᛏᛡᛁᚾ (stᴀin), ᛋᛏᛅᛁᚾ (stain), ᛋᛏᛁᚾ (stin), stæinn — Old East Norse\nIcelandic: steinn\nFaroese: steinur\nNorn: stenn, sten\nNorwegian Nynorsk: stein\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: stein\nJamtish: stein\nElfdalian: stien\nOld Swedish: stēn\nSwedish: sten\nOld Danish: stēn\nScanian: stén\nDanish: sten\nNorwegian Bokmål: sten\nOld Gutnish: stain\nGutnish: stain\n→ Middle English: steinen, steynen\nEnglish: stain"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (stains)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐍃𐍄𐌰𐌹𐌽𐍃 (stains)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*steyh₂-",
"4": "",
"5": "to stiffen"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *steyh₂- (“to stiffen”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*stěna",
"3": "",
"4": "cliff, rock"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *stěna (“cliff, rock”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "grc",
"2": "στῖον",
"3": "",
"4": "pebble"
},
"expansion": "Ancient Greek στῖον (stîon, “pebble”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Pre-Germanic *stoyh₂nos, o-grade from Proto-Indo-European *steyh₂- (“to stiffen”). Compare Proto-Slavic *stěna (“cliff, rock”) and Ancient Greek στῖον (stîon, “pebble”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "stainaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stainōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stainōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stain",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "stainōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "stainōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "stainą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stainanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stainas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stainis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stainǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stainai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stainamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "stainō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "stainamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/stainaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"stone"
],
"links": [
[
"stone",
"stone"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈstɑi̯.nɑz/"
}
],
"word": "stainaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for stainaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (7.1kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (b81b832 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.