"spēnuz" meaning in Proto-Germanic

See spēnuz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Noun

IPA: /ˈspɛː.nuz/
Etymology: Uncertain. Traditionally compared with Ancient Greek σφήν (sphḗn, “wedge”) and Sanskrit स्फ्य (sphyá, “flat piece of wood used as a ritual sword”), for a tentative Proto-Indo-European *(s)peH- (“to cut off; chip, shaving, log, length of wood”). However, this connection is phonologically impossible, and all of the supposed cognates are themselves of disputed origin. Etymology templates: {{unc|gem-pro}} Uncertain, {{cog|grc|σφήν||wedge}} Ancient Greek σφήν (sphḗn, “wedge”), {{cog|sa|स्फ्य||flat piece of wood used as a ritual sword|tr=sphyá}} Sanskrit स्फ्य (sphyá, “flat piece of wood used as a ritual sword”), {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro||*(s)peH-|to cut off; chip, shaving, log, length of wood}} Proto-Indo-European *(s)peH- (“to cut off; chip, shaving, log, length of wood”) Inflection templates: {{gem-decl-noun}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], spēnuz [nominative, singular], spēniwiz [nominative, plural], spēnu [singular, vocative], spēniwiz [plural, vocative], spēnų [accusative, singular], spēnunz [accusative, plural], spēnauz [genitive, singular], spēniwǫ̂ [genitive, plural], spēniwi [dative, singular], spēnumaz [dative, plural], spēnū [instrumental, singular], spēnumiz [instrumental, plural]
  1. piece of wood Tags: masculine, reconstruction
    Sense id: en-spēnuz-gem-pro-noun-AtFxe~1b
  2. chip, shaving Tags: masculine, reconstruction
    Sense id: en-spēnuz-gem-pro-noun-AaIwOahf Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 20 60 20 Disambiguation of Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header: 10 80 10
  3. (wooden) spoon Tags: masculine, reconstruction Synonyms: *lapilaz
    Sense id: en-spēnuz-gem-pro-noun-f0gOdEp5
The following are not (yet) sense-disambiguated
Synonyms: spōnuz Derived forms: sagōspēnuz (english: sawdust)
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "english": "sawdust",
      "word": "sagōspēnuz"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*spānu"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *spānu\nOld English: spōn\nMiddle English: spone, spon, sponne, spoon, spoun, spoune, spun, spune\nEnglish: spoon\nGeordie English: spuin, speun\nScots: spuin, spin, spon, spone, spun, spune\nYola: spone\nOld Frisian: *spōn\nNorth Frisian:\nSylt: spuun\nWiedingharde: spoon\nSaterland Frisian: Spoune\nWest Frisian: spoen, spoan\nOld Saxon: *spān, *spōn\nMiddle Low German: spân, spôn\nLow German: spoon\nGerman Low German: Spoon\nOld Dutch: *spān\nMiddle Dutch: spâen, spon\nDutch: spaan\n→ West Frisian: spaan\nLimburgish: spoon\nOld High German: spān; spanna (“spoon”)\nMiddle High German: spān\nAlemannic German: Spään\nGerman: Span\nLuxembourgish: Spoun",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *spānu\nOld English: spōn\nMiddle English: spone, spon, sponne, spoon, spoun, spoune, spun, spune\nEnglish: spoon\nGeordie English: spuin, speun\nScots: spuin, spin, spon, spone, spun, spune\nYola: spone\nOld Frisian: *spōn\nNorth Frisian:\nSylt: spuun\nWiedingharde: spoon\nSaterland Frisian: Spoune\nWest Frisian: spoen, spoan\nOld Saxon: *spān, *spōn\nMiddle Low German: spân, spôn\nLow German: spoon\nGerman Low German: Spoon\nOld Dutch: *spān\nMiddle Dutch: spâen, spon\nDutch: spaan\n→ West Frisian: spaan\nLimburgish: spoon\nOld High German: spān; spanna (“spoon”)\nMiddle High German: spān\nAlemannic German: Spään\nGerman: Span\nLuxembourgish: Spoun"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "spánn"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: spánn, spónn\nIcelandic: spánn, spónn\nFaroese: spónur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: spon\nOld Swedish: spān\nSwedish: spån\nDanish: spån\nGutnish: span, spån",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: spánn, spónn\nIcelandic: spánn, spónn\nFaroese: spónur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: spon\nOld Swedish: spān\nSwedish: spån\nDanish: spån\nGutnish: span, spån"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "urj-fin-pro",
            "2": "*pëëna",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "cleat",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→? Proto-Finnic: *pëëna (“cleat”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→? Proto-Finnic: *pëëna (“cleat”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fi",
            "2": "piena"
          },
          "expansion": "Finnish: piena",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Finnish: piena"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "Uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "σφήν",
        "3": "",
        "4": "wedge"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek σφήν (sphḗn, “wedge”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "स्फ्य",
        "3": "",
        "4": "flat piece of wood used as a ritual sword",
        "tr": "sphyá"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit स्फ्य (sphyá, “flat piece of wood used as a ritual sword”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*(s)peH-",
        "5": "to cut off; chip, shaving, log, length of wood"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)peH- (“to cut off; chip, shaving, log, length of wood”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain. Traditionally compared with Ancient Greek σφήν (sphḗn, “wedge”) and Sanskrit स्फ्य (sphyá, “flat piece of wood used as a ritual sword”), for a tentative Proto-Indo-European *(s)peH- (“to cut off; chip, shaving, log, length of wood”). However, this connection is phonologically impossible, and all of the supposed cognates are themselves of disputed origin.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "u-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēnuz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēniwiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēnu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēniwiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēnauz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēniwǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēniwi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēnumaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēnū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēnumiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gem-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spēnuz",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "piece of wood"
      ],
      "id": "en-spēnuz-gem-pro-noun-AtFxe~1b",
      "links": [
        [
          "piece",
          "piece"
        ],
        [
          "wood",
          "wood"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "20 60 20",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "10 80 10",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "chip, shaving"
      ],
      "id": "en-spēnuz-gem-pro-noun-AaIwOahf",
      "links": [
        [
          "chip",
          "chip"
        ],
        [
          "shaving",
          "shaving"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [],
      "glosses": [
        "spoon"
      ],
      "id": "en-spēnuz-gem-pro-noun-f0gOdEp5",
      "links": [
        [
          "spoon",
          "spoon"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "wooden",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(wooden) spoon"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*lapilaz"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈspɛː.nuz/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "_dis1": "0 0 0",
      "word": "spōnuz"
    }
  ],
  "word": "spēnuz"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
    "Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
    "Proto-Germanic nouns",
    "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies",
    "Proto-Germanic u-stem nouns"
  ],
  "derived": [
    {
      "english": "sawdust",
      "word": "sagōspēnuz"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*spānu"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *spānu\nOld English: spōn\nMiddle English: spone, spon, sponne, spoon, spoun, spoune, spun, spune\nEnglish: spoon\nGeordie English: spuin, speun\nScots: spuin, spin, spon, spone, spun, spune\nYola: spone\nOld Frisian: *spōn\nNorth Frisian:\nSylt: spuun\nWiedingharde: spoon\nSaterland Frisian: Spoune\nWest Frisian: spoen, spoan\nOld Saxon: *spān, *spōn\nMiddle Low German: spân, spôn\nLow German: spoon\nGerman Low German: Spoon\nOld Dutch: *spān\nMiddle Dutch: spâen, spon\nDutch: spaan\n→ West Frisian: spaan\nLimburgish: spoon\nOld High German: spān; spanna (“spoon”)\nMiddle High German: spān\nAlemannic German: Spään\nGerman: Span\nLuxembourgish: Spoun",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *spānu\nOld English: spōn\nMiddle English: spone, spon, sponne, spoon, spoun, spoune, spun, spune\nEnglish: spoon\nGeordie English: spuin, speun\nScots: spuin, spin, spon, spone, spun, spune\nYola: spone\nOld Frisian: *spōn\nNorth Frisian:\nSylt: spuun\nWiedingharde: spoon\nSaterland Frisian: Spoune\nWest Frisian: spoen, spoan\nOld Saxon: *spān, *spōn\nMiddle Low German: spân, spôn\nLow German: spoon\nGerman Low German: Spoon\nOld Dutch: *spān\nMiddle Dutch: spâen, spon\nDutch: spaan\n→ West Frisian: spaan\nLimburgish: spoon\nOld High German: spān; spanna (“spoon”)\nMiddle High German: spān\nAlemannic German: Spään\nGerman: Span\nLuxembourgish: Spoun"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "spánn"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: spánn, spónn\nIcelandic: spánn, spónn\nFaroese: spónur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: spon\nOld Swedish: spān\nSwedish: spån\nDanish: spån\nGutnish: span, spån",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: spánn, spónn\nIcelandic: spánn, spónn\nFaroese: spónur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: spon\nOld Swedish: spān\nSwedish: spån\nDanish: spån\nGutnish: span, spån"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "urj-fin-pro",
            "2": "*pëëna",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "cleat",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→? Proto-Finnic: *pëëna (“cleat”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→? Proto-Finnic: *pëëna (“cleat”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fi",
            "2": "piena"
          },
          "expansion": "Finnish: piena",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Finnish: piena"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro"
      },
      "expansion": "Uncertain",
      "name": "unc"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "σφήν",
        "3": "",
        "4": "wedge"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek σφήν (sphḗn, “wedge”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sa",
        "2": "स्फ्य",
        "3": "",
        "4": "flat piece of wood used as a ritual sword",
        "tr": "sphyá"
      },
      "expansion": "Sanskrit स्फ्य (sphyá, “flat piece of wood used as a ritual sword”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*(s)peH-",
        "5": "to cut off; chip, shaving, log, length of wood"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)peH- (“to cut off; chip, shaving, log, length of wood”)",
      "name": "der"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Uncertain. Traditionally compared with Ancient Greek σφήν (sphḗn, “wedge”) and Sanskrit स्फ्य (sphyá, “flat piece of wood used as a ritual sword”), for a tentative Proto-Indo-European *(s)peH- (“to cut off; chip, shaving, log, length of wood”). However, this connection is phonologically impossible, and all of the supposed cognates are themselves of disputed origin.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "u-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēnuz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēniwiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēnu",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēniwiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēnauz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēniwǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēniwi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēnumaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēnū",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "spēnumiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gem-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spēnuz",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "piece of wood"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "piece",
          "piece"
        ],
        [
          "wood",
          "wood"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "chip, shaving"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "chip",
          "chip"
        ],
        [
          "shaving",
          "shaving"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        "gem-pro:Cutlery"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "spoon"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "spoon",
          "spoon"
        ]
      ],
      "qualifier": "wooden",
      "raw_glosses": [
        "(wooden) spoon"
      ],
      "synonyms": [
        {
          "word": "*lapilaz"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈspɛː.nuz/"
    }
  ],
  "synonyms": [
    {
      "word": "spōnuz"
    }
  ],
  "word": "spēnuz"
}

Download raw JSONL data for spēnuz meaning in Proto-Germanic (5.7kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-09-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-08-20 using wiktextract (8e41825 and f99c758). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.