See spēdiz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*spādī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *spādī\nOld Saxon: *spādi\nMiddle Low German: spāde\nLow German: späd\nOld Dutch: *spādi\nMiddle Dutch: spade, spaed\nDutch: spade, spa\nOld High German: spāti\nMiddle High German: spǣte\nAlemannic German: spaat\nGerman: spät\nLuxembourgish: spéit\nYiddish: שפּעט (shpet)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *spādī\nOld Saxon: *spādi\nMiddle Low German: spāde\nLow German: späd\nOld Dutch: *spādi\nMiddle Dutch: spade, spaed\nDutch: spade, spa\nOld High German: spāti\nMiddle High German: spǣte\nAlemannic German: spaat\nGerman: spät\nLuxembourgish: spéit\nYiddish: שפּעט (shpet)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "*𐍃𐍀𐌴𐌸𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: *𐍃𐍀𐌴𐌸𐍃 (*spēþs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: *𐍃𐍀𐌴𐌸𐍃 (*spēþs)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*speh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*speh₁-tí-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *speh₁-tí-s",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*spōan",
"t": "idem"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *spōan (“idem”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *speh₁-tí-s, from *speh₁- (“to succeed, prosper”). The semantic shift appears to be along the lines of \"prosper\" > \"prosper for a long time\" > \"late\". Synchronically analyzable as an adjective derived from *spōaną (“to succeed”) (for which see Proto-West Germanic *spōan (“idem”) for more).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdį",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-jatō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijanǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdį",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-jatō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijaizōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijaizōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijaizō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdīniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdīniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdīni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdīni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdīnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdīnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "*spēdijaz",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spēdiz",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"late"
],
"id": "en-spēdiz-gem-pro-adj-CJABo1Z5",
"links": [
[
"late",
"late"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*lataz"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈspɛː.ðiz/"
}
],
"word": "spēdiz"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*spādī"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *spādī\nOld Saxon: *spādi\nMiddle Low German: spāde\nLow German: späd\nOld Dutch: *spādi\nMiddle Dutch: spade, spaed\nDutch: spade, spa\nOld High German: spāti\nMiddle High German: spǣte\nAlemannic German: spaat\nGerman: spät\nLuxembourgish: spéit\nYiddish: שפּעט (shpet)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *spādī\nOld Saxon: *spādi\nMiddle Low German: spāde\nLow German: späd\nOld Dutch: *spādi\nMiddle Dutch: spade, spaed\nDutch: spade, spa\nOld High German: spāti\nMiddle High German: spǣte\nAlemannic German: spaat\nGerman: spät\nLuxembourgish: spéit\nYiddish: שפּעט (shpet)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "*𐍃𐍀𐌴𐌸𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: *𐍃𐍀𐌴𐌸𐍃 (*spēþs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: *𐍃𐍀𐌴𐌸𐍃 (*spēþs)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*speh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*speh₁-tí-s"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *speh₁-tí-s",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*spōan",
"t": "idem"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *spōan (“idem”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *speh₁-tí-s, from *speh₁- (“to succeed, prosper”). The semantic shift appears to be along the lines of \"prosper\" > \"prosper for a long time\" > \"late\". Synchronically analyzable as an adjective derived from *spōaną (“to succeed”) (for which see Proto-West Germanic *spōan (“idem”) for more).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-adj",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdį",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-jatō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijanǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdį",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "-jatō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijaizōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdīs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijaizǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijaizōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijammai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijaimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijaizō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijanō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijaimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"masculine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"neuter",
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijōnų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijōnunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijōnō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdīniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijōniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdīniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijōnǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdīni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijōni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdīni",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"feminine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdīnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijōnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdīnē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"masculine",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"feminine",
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "spēdijammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"neuter",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "*spēdijaz",
"tags": [
"alternative"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-adj"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/spēdiz",
"pos": "adj",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic adjectives",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic i-stem adjectives",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *speh₁-",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"glosses": [
"late"
],
"links": [
[
"late",
"late"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*lataz"
}
],
"tags": [
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈspɛː.ðiz/"
}
],
"word": "spēdiz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for spēdiz meaning in Proto-Germanic (8.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-26 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-20 using wiktextract (89e900c and ea19a0a). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.