"smalaz" meaning in Proto-Germanic

See smalaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈsmɑ.lɑz/
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *smol(H)-o-s, traditionally traced back further to Proto-Indo-European *(s)mal- (“small”) (alternatively reconstructed as *(s)mel-), though Kroonen appears implicitly skeptical and assigns no cognates outside of Germanic. Compare Proto-Slavic *malъ (“small; little”) and Latin malus (“bad”). Etymology templates: {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro||*smol(H)-o-s}} Proto-Indo-European *smol(H)-o-s, {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*(s)mal-|t=small}} Proto-Indo-European *(s)mal- (“small”), {{cog|sla-pro|*malъ|t=small; little}} Proto-Slavic *malъ (“small; little”), {{cog|la|malus|t=bad}} Latin malus (“bad”) Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], smalaz [masculine, nominative, singular, strong], smalō [feminine, nominative, singular, strong], smalą [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], -atō [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], smalai [masculine, nominative, plural, strong], smalôz [feminine, nominative, plural, strong], smalō [neuter, nominative, plural, strong], smalanǭ [accusative, masculine, singular, strong], smalǭ [accusative, feminine, singular, strong], smalą [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], -atō [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], smalanz [accusative, masculine, plural, strong], smalōz [accusative, feminine, plural, strong], smalō [accusative, neuter, plural, strong], smalas [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], -is [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], smalaizōz [feminine, genitive, singular, strong], smalas [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], -is [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], smalaizǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, strong], smalaizǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, strong], smalaizǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, strong], smalammai [dative, masculine, singular, strong], smalaizōi [dative, feminine, singular, strong], smalammai [dative, neuter, singular, strong], smalaimaz [dative, masculine, plural, strong], smalaimaz [dative, feminine, plural, strong], smalaimaz [dative, neuter, plural, strong], smalanō [instrumental, masculine, singular, strong], smalaizō [feminine, instrumental, singular, strong], smalanō [instrumental, neuter, singular, strong], smalaimiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, strong], smalaimiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, strong], smalaimiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, strong], smalô [masculine, nominative, singular, weak], smalǭ [feminine, nominative, singular, weak], smalô [neuter, nominative, singular, weak], smalaniz [masculine, nominative, plural, weak], smalōniz [feminine, nominative, plural, weak], smalōnō [neuter, nominative, plural, weak], smalanų [accusative, masculine, singular, weak], smalōnų [accusative, feminine, singular, weak], smalô [accusative, neuter, singular, weak], smalanunz [accusative, masculine, plural, weak], smalōnunz [accusative, feminine, plural, weak], smalōnō [accusative, neuter, plural, weak], smaliniz [genitive, masculine, singular, weak], smalōniz [feminine, genitive, singular, weak], smaliniz [genitive, neuter, singular, weak], smalanǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, weak], smalōnǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, weak], smalanǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, weak], smalini [dative, masculine, singular, weak], smalōni [dative, feminine, singular, weak], smalini [dative, neuter, singular, weak], smalammaz [dative, masculine, plural, weak], smalōmaz [dative, feminine, plural, weak], smalammaz [dative, neuter, plural, weak], smalinē [instrumental, masculine, singular, weak], smalōnē [feminine, instrumental, singular, weak], smalinē [instrumental, neuter, singular, weak], smalammiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, weak], smalōmiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, weak], smalammiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, weak]
  1. small Wikipedia link: Brill Publishers Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-smalaz-gem-pro-adj-gduOu7vG Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*smal"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *smal\nOld English: smæl\nMiddle English: smal\nScots: smal, smaw\nEnglish: small\nOld Frisian: smel\nNorth Frisian: smaal, smääl, smeel\nSaterland Frisian: smäl\nWest Frisian: smel\nOld Saxon: smal\nMiddle Low German: smal\nLow German: small\nOld Dutch: smal\nMiddle Dutch: smal\nDutch: smal\nOld High German: smal\nMiddle High German: smal\nBavarian: schmål, schmoi\nGerman: schmal\nHunsrik: schmaal\nLuxembourgish: schmuel\nVilamovian: śmoł\nYiddish: שמאָל (shmol)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *smal\nOld English: smæl\nMiddle English: smal\nScots: smal, smaw\nEnglish: small\nOld Frisian: smel\nNorth Frisian: smaal, smääl, smeel\nSaterland Frisian: smäl\nWest Frisian: smel\nOld Saxon: smal\nMiddle Low German: smal\nLow German: small\nOld Dutch: smal\nMiddle Dutch: smal\nDutch: smal\nOld High German: smal\nMiddle High German: smal\nBavarian: schmål, schmoi\nGerman: schmal\nHunsrik: schmaal\nLuxembourgish: schmuel\nVilamovian: śmoł\nYiddish: שמאָל (shmol)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "smalr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: smalr",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "late Old Norse; possibly borrowed from Low German"
          },
          "expansion": "(late Old Norse; possibly borrowed from Low German)",
          "name": "i"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: smalr (late Old Norse; possibly borrowed from Low German)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "smalur"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: smalur",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: smalur"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fo",
            "2": "smalur"
          },
          "expansion": "Faroese: smalur",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Faroese: smalur"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "no",
            "2": "smal"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian: smal",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian: smal"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "smal"
          },
          "expansion": "Swedish: smal",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Swedish: smal"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "smal"
          },
          "expansion": "Danish: smal",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Danish: smal"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "*𐍃𐌼𐌰𐌻𐍃"
          },
          "expansion": "Gothic: *𐍃𐌼𐌰𐌻𐍃 (*smals)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gothic: *𐍃𐌼𐌰𐌻𐍃 (*smals)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "𐍃𐌼𐌰𐌻𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Gothic: 𐍃𐌼𐌰𐌻𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃 (smalists)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Gothic: 𐍃𐌼𐌰𐌻𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃 (smalists)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*smol(H)-o-s"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *smol(H)-o-s",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)mal-",
        "t": "small"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)mal- (“small”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*malъ",
        "t": "small; little"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *malъ (“small; little”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "malus",
        "t": "bad"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin malus (“bad”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *smol(H)-o-s, traditionally traced back further to Proto-Indo-European *(s)mal- (“small”) (alternatively reconstructed as *(s)mel-), though Kroonen appears implicitly skeptical and assigns no cognates outside of Germanic. Compare Proto-Slavic *malъ (“small; little”) and Latin malus (“bad”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smaliniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smaliniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/smalaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "small"
      ],
      "id": "en-smalaz-gem-pro-adj-gduOu7vG",
      "links": [
        [
          "small",
          "small"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsmɑ.lɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "smalaz"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*smal"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *smal\nOld English: smæl\nMiddle English: smal\nScots: smal, smaw\nEnglish: small\nOld Frisian: smel\nNorth Frisian: smaal, smääl, smeel\nSaterland Frisian: smäl\nWest Frisian: smel\nOld Saxon: smal\nMiddle Low German: smal\nLow German: small\nOld Dutch: smal\nMiddle Dutch: smal\nDutch: smal\nOld High German: smal\nMiddle High German: smal\nBavarian: schmål, schmoi\nGerman: schmal\nHunsrik: schmaal\nLuxembourgish: schmuel\nVilamovian: śmoł\nYiddish: שמאָל (shmol)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *smal\nOld English: smæl\nMiddle English: smal\nScots: smal, smaw\nEnglish: small\nOld Frisian: smel\nNorth Frisian: smaal, smääl, smeel\nSaterland Frisian: smäl\nWest Frisian: smel\nOld Saxon: smal\nMiddle Low German: smal\nLow German: small\nOld Dutch: smal\nMiddle Dutch: smal\nDutch: smal\nOld High German: smal\nMiddle High German: smal\nBavarian: schmål, schmoi\nGerman: schmal\nHunsrik: schmaal\nLuxembourgish: schmuel\nVilamovian: śmoł\nYiddish: שמאָל (shmol)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "smalr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: smalr",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "late Old Norse; possibly borrowed from Low German"
          },
          "expansion": "(late Old Norse; possibly borrowed from Low German)",
          "name": "i"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: smalr (late Old Norse; possibly borrowed from Low German)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "smalur"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: smalur",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: smalur"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "fo",
            "2": "smalur"
          },
          "expansion": "Faroese: smalur",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Faroese: smalur"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "no",
            "2": "smal"
          },
          "expansion": "Norwegian: smal",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Norwegian: smal"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "sv",
            "2": "smal"
          },
          "expansion": "Swedish: smal",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Swedish: smal"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "da",
            "2": "smal"
          },
          "expansion": "Danish: smal",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Danish: smal"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "*𐍃𐌼𐌰𐌻𐍃"
          },
          "expansion": "Gothic: *𐍃𐌼𐌰𐌻𐍃 (*smals)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gothic: *𐍃𐌼𐌰𐌻𐍃 (*smals)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "𐍃𐌼𐌰𐌻𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃",
            "der": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "⇒ Gothic: 𐍃𐌼𐌰𐌻𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃 (smalists)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "⇒ Gothic: 𐍃𐌼𐌰𐌻𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃 (smalists)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "",
        "4": "*smol(H)-o-s"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *smol(H)-o-s",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)mal-",
        "t": "small"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)mal- (“small”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*malъ",
        "t": "small; little"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *malъ (“small; little”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "malus",
        "t": "bad"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin malus (“bad”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *smol(H)-o-s, traditionally traced back further to Proto-Indo-European *(s)mal- (“small”) (alternatively reconstructed as *(s)mel-), though Kroonen appears implicitly skeptical and assigns no cognates outside of Germanic. Compare Proto-Slavic *malъ (“small; little”) and Latin malus (“bad”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smaliniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smaliniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "smalammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/smalaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
        "Proto-Germanic adjectives",
        "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "small"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "small",
          "small"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈsmɑ.lɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "smalaz"
}

Download raw JSONL data for smalaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (10.4kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-20 using wiktextract (813e02a and ea19a0a). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.