See skēpą in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSON data for skēpą meaning in Proto-Germanic (8.0kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*skāp"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *skāp\nOld English: sċēap, *sċǣp, sċēp, scīp\nMiddle English: schep, scheep, schepe, sheep, shepe; ssep\nEnglish: sheep (see there for further descendants)\nScots: sheep\nYola: zheep, sheep\nOld Frisian: skēp\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: schep, schap\nGoesharde: schäip\nHelgoland: skēap\nMooring: schäip\nSylt: Sjip\nWiedingharde: sees\nEast Frisian:\nHarlingerland Frisian: schaip\nSaterland Frisian: Skäip\nWangerooge Frisian: schaip\nWursten Frisian: schepp, scheep\nWest Frisian: skiep\nHindeloopen: skeep\nSchiermonnikoog: schiep\nOld Saxon: skāp, scāp\nMiddle Low German: schâp\nLow German:\nGerman Low German:\nHamburgisch: Schaap\nWestphalian:\nRavensbergisch: Schåp\nSauerländisch: Schōp\nWestmünsterländisch: Schaop\nPlautdietsch: Schop\nOld Dutch: scāp\nMiddle Dutch: schâep\nDutch: schaap\nAfrikaans: skaap\nBerbice Creole Dutch: skapu\nJersey Dutch: sxâp\nNegerhollands: skaap, skap\n→ Lokono: sjikapoe, shikápo\n→ Sranan Tongo: skapu\n→ Saramaccan: sikáfu, sikápu\n→ Warao: sikabo\nOld High German: scāf\nMiddle High German: schāf\nAlemannic German: Schooff\nSwabian: Schoaf\nBavarian: Schåf\nCarinthian: Hap\nEast Central German:\nUpper Saxon German: Schåf\nGerman: Schaf\n→ Alemannic German: Schaf\nHunsrik: Schof\nLuxembourgish: Schof\nRhine Franconian: Schoof\nPalatine German: Schoof\nPennsylvania German: Schof\nVilamovian: siöf\nYiddish: שאָף (shof)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *skāp\nOld English: sċēap, *sċǣp, sċēp, scīp\nMiddle English: schep, scheep, schepe, sheep, shepe; ssep\nEnglish: sheep (see there for further descendants)\nScots: sheep\nYola: zheep, sheep\nOld Frisian: skēp\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: schep, schap\nGoesharde: schäip\nHelgoland: skēap\nMooring: schäip\nSylt: Sjip\nWiedingharde: sees\nEast Frisian:\nHarlingerland Frisian: schaip\nSaterland Frisian: Skäip\nWangerooge Frisian: schaip\nWursten Frisian: schepp, scheep\nWest Frisian: skiep\nHindeloopen: skeep\nSchiermonnikoog: schiep\nOld Saxon: skāp, scāp\nMiddle Low German: schâp\nLow German:\nGerman Low German:\nHamburgisch: Schaap\nWestphalian:\nRavensbergisch: Schåp\nSauerländisch: Schōp\nWestmünsterländisch: Schaop\nPlautdietsch: Schop\nOld Dutch: scāp\nMiddle Dutch: schâep\nDutch: schaap\nAfrikaans: skaap\nBerbice Creole Dutch: skapu\nJersey Dutch: sxâp\nNegerhollands: skaap, skap\n→ Lokono: sjikapoe, shikápo\n→ Sranan Tongo: skapu\n→ Saramaccan: sikáfu, sikápu\n→ Warao: sikabo\nOld High German: scāf\nMiddle High German: schāf\nAlemannic German: Schooff\nSwabian: Schoaf\nBavarian: Schåf\nCarinthian: Hap\nEast Central German:\nUpper Saxon German: Schåf\nGerman: Schaf\n→ Alemannic German: Schaf\nHunsrik: Schof\nLuxembourgish: Schof\nRhine Franconian: Schoof\nPalatine German: Schoof\nPennsylvania German: Schof\nVilamovian: siöf\nYiddish: שאָף (shof)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wanderword"
},
"expansion": "wanderword",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "چپش",
"3": "",
"4": "yearling goat",
"tr": "čapeš"
},
"expansion": "Persian چپش (čapeš, “yearling goat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xsc-pro",
"2": "*capi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Scythian *capi",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "цӕу",
"t": "goat"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian цӕу (cæw, “goat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Albanian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Slavic",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*čepiš",
"t": "yearling goat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *čepiš (“yearling goat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "scāpāri"
},
"expansion": "Old High German scāpāri",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hēcen",
"3": "",
"4": "kid"
},
"expansion": "Old English hēcen (“kid”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hōkīn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hōkīn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*(s)ḱégos",
"5": "goat, sheep"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱégos (“goat, sheep”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "छगल"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit छगल (chagala)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mr",
"2": "सागा",
"3": "",
"4": "flock of sheep"
},
"expansion": "Marathi सागा (sāgā, “flock of sheep”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*sčágas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *sčágas",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. May be a wanderword from West Asia: compare Persian چپش (čapeš, “yearling goat”), Proto-Scythian *capi (whence Ossetian цӕу (cæw, “goat”); probably also loaned into Albanian as cap, cjap (“he-goat”) and Slavic as *capъ (“he-goat”)) and Proto-Turkic *čepiš (“yearling goat”).\nOther proposals include:\n* An old European substrate word\n* Derived from the root of *skabaną (“to scratch, scrape, shave, shear”), with *b > *p via Kluge's law; this may be evidenced by Old High German scāpāri, scāppāri (“sheepskin”) which points to a Proto-Germanic form with *b\n* Mallory & Adams assume a relation to Old English hēcen (“kid”) (see Proto-West Germanic *hōkīn) and propose Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱégos (“goat, sheep”), comparing several Indo-Iranian cognates such as Sanskrit छगल (chagala), छाग (chā́ga, “goat”) (whence Marathi सागा (sāgā, “flock of sheep”)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sčágas.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "skēpą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skēpō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skēpą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skēpō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skēpą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skēpō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skēpas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skēpis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skēpǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skēpai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skēpamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skēpō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skēpamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skēpą",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"parents": [
"Entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"sheep"
],
"id": "en-skēpą-gem-pro-noun-XFmWFqxQ",
"links": [
[
"sheep",
"sheep"
]
],
"related": [
{
"english": "goat",
"word": "keppô"
}
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*awiz"
},
{
"word": "*fahaz"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Kluge's law"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈskɛː.pɑ̃/"
}
],
"word": "skēpą"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*skāp"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *skāp\nOld English: sċēap, *sċǣp, sċēp, scīp\nMiddle English: schep, scheep, schepe, sheep, shepe; ssep\nEnglish: sheep (see there for further descendants)\nScots: sheep\nYola: zheep, sheep\nOld Frisian: skēp\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: schep, schap\nGoesharde: schäip\nHelgoland: skēap\nMooring: schäip\nSylt: Sjip\nWiedingharde: sees\nEast Frisian:\nHarlingerland Frisian: schaip\nSaterland Frisian: Skäip\nWangerooge Frisian: schaip\nWursten Frisian: schepp, scheep\nWest Frisian: skiep\nHindeloopen: skeep\nSchiermonnikoog: schiep\nOld Saxon: skāp, scāp\nMiddle Low German: schâp\nLow German:\nGerman Low German:\nHamburgisch: Schaap\nWestphalian:\nRavensbergisch: Schåp\nSauerländisch: Schōp\nWestmünsterländisch: Schaop\nPlautdietsch: Schop\nOld Dutch: scāp\nMiddle Dutch: schâep\nDutch: schaap\nAfrikaans: skaap\nBerbice Creole Dutch: skapu\nJersey Dutch: sxâp\nNegerhollands: skaap, skap\n→ Lokono: sjikapoe, shikápo\n→ Sranan Tongo: skapu\n→ Saramaccan: sikáfu, sikápu\n→ Warao: sikabo\nOld High German: scāf\nMiddle High German: schāf\nAlemannic German: Schooff\nSwabian: Schoaf\nBavarian: Schåf\nCarinthian: Hap\nEast Central German:\nUpper Saxon German: Schåf\nGerman: Schaf\n→ Alemannic German: Schaf\nHunsrik: Schof\nLuxembourgish: Schof\nRhine Franconian: Schoof\nPalatine German: Schoof\nPennsylvania German: Schof\nVilamovian: siöf\nYiddish: שאָף (shof)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *skāp\nOld English: sċēap, *sċǣp, sċēp, scīp\nMiddle English: schep, scheep, schepe, sheep, shepe; ssep\nEnglish: sheep (see there for further descendants)\nScots: sheep\nYola: zheep, sheep\nOld Frisian: skēp\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: schep, schap\nGoesharde: schäip\nHelgoland: skēap\nMooring: schäip\nSylt: Sjip\nWiedingharde: sees\nEast Frisian:\nHarlingerland Frisian: schaip\nSaterland Frisian: Skäip\nWangerooge Frisian: schaip\nWursten Frisian: schepp, scheep\nWest Frisian: skiep\nHindeloopen: skeep\nSchiermonnikoog: schiep\nOld Saxon: skāp, scāp\nMiddle Low German: schâp\nLow German:\nGerman Low German:\nHamburgisch: Schaap\nWestphalian:\nRavensbergisch: Schåp\nSauerländisch: Schōp\nWestmünsterländisch: Schaop\nPlautdietsch: Schop\nOld Dutch: scāp\nMiddle Dutch: schâep\nDutch: schaap\nAfrikaans: skaap\nBerbice Creole Dutch: skapu\nJersey Dutch: sxâp\nNegerhollands: skaap, skap\n→ Lokono: sjikapoe, shikápo\n→ Sranan Tongo: skapu\n→ Saramaccan: sikáfu, sikápu\n→ Warao: sikabo\nOld High German: scāf\nMiddle High German: schāf\nAlemannic German: Schooff\nSwabian: Schoaf\nBavarian: Schåf\nCarinthian: Hap\nEast Central German:\nUpper Saxon German: Schåf\nGerman: Schaf\n→ Alemannic German: Schaf\nHunsrik: Schof\nLuxembourgish: Schof\nRhine Franconian: Schoof\nPalatine German: Schoof\nPennsylvania German: Schof\nVilamovian: siöf\nYiddish: שאָף (shof)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Unknown",
"name": "unk"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "wanderword"
},
"expansion": "wanderword",
"name": "glossary"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "fa",
"2": "چپش",
"3": "",
"4": "yearling goat",
"tr": "čapeš"
},
"expansion": "Persian چپش (čapeš, “yearling goat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "xsc-pro",
"2": "*capi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Scythian *capi",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "os",
"2": "цӕу",
"t": "goat"
},
"expansion": "Ossetian цӕу (cæw, “goat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Albanian",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Slavic",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "trk-pro",
"2": "*čepiš",
"t": "yearling goat"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Turkic *čepiš (“yearling goat”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub",
"3": "-"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "scāpāri"
},
"expansion": "Old High German scāpāri",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "hēcen",
"3": "",
"4": "kid"
},
"expansion": "Old English hēcen (“kid”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*hōkīn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *hōkīn",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*(s)ḱégos",
"5": "goat, sheep"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱégos (“goat, sheep”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "छगल"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit छगल (chagala)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mr",
"2": "सागा",
"3": "",
"4": "flock of sheep"
},
"expansion": "Marathi सागा (sāgā, “flock of sheep”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "iir-pro",
"2": "*sčágas"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-Iranian *sčágas",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Unknown. May be a wanderword from West Asia: compare Persian چپش (čapeš, “yearling goat”), Proto-Scythian *capi (whence Ossetian цӕу (cæw, “goat”); probably also loaned into Albanian as cap, cjap (“he-goat”) and Slavic as *capъ (“he-goat”)) and Proto-Turkic *čepiš (“yearling goat”).\nOther proposals include:\n* An old European substrate word\n* Derived from the root of *skabaną (“to scratch, scrape, shave, shear”), with *b > *p via Kluge's law; this may be evidenced by Old High German scāpāri, scāppāri (“sheepskin”) which points to a Proto-Germanic form with *b\n* Mallory & Adams assume a relation to Old English hēcen (“kid”) (see Proto-West Germanic *hōkīn) and propose Proto-Indo-European *(s)ḱégos (“goat, sheep”), comparing several Indo-Iranian cognates such as Sanskrit छगल (chagala), छाग (chā́ga, “goat”) (whence Marathi सागा (sāgā, “flock of sheep”)), from Proto-Indo-Iranian *sčágas.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "skēpą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skēpō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skēpą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skēpō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "skēpą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skēpō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skēpas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skēpis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skēpǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skēpai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skēpamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "skēpō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "skēpamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/skēpą",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"english": "goat",
"word": "keppô"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic entries with topic categories using raw markup",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic neuter nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Proto-Germanic terms with non-redundant non-automated sortkeys",
"Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies",
"gem-pro:Sheep"
],
"glosses": [
"sheep"
],
"links": [
[
"sheep",
"sheep"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*awiz"
},
{
"word": "*fahaz"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Kluge's law"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈskɛː.pɑ̃/"
}
],
"word": "skēpą"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-05-31 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-05-02 using wiktextract (91e95e7 and db5a844). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.