See rugiz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*rugi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *rugi\nOld English: ryġe, ryġi — early\nMiddle English: rye, rie, reye, reyghe, reyhe, ruye\nEnglish: rye\nScots: ry\nYola: ree\n→? Middle Welsh: ryc\nWelsh: rhyg",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *rugi\nOld English: ryġe, ryġi — early\nMiddle English: rye, rie, reye, reyghe, reyhe, ruye\nEnglish: rye\nScots: ry\nYola: ree\n→? Middle Welsh: ryc\nWelsh: rhyg"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "rugr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: rugr\nIcelandic: rúgur\nFaroese: rugur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: rug\nOld Swedish: rogher\nSwedish: råg; rôg (dialectal)\nOld Danish: rugh\nDanish: rug\nNorwegian Bokmål: rug\nElfdalian: rug\nScanian: ruğ\nGutnish: ryg",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: rugr\nIcelandic: rúgur\nFaroese: rugur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: rug\nOld Swedish: rogher\nSwedish: råg; rôg (dialectal)\nOld Danish: rugh\nDanish: rug\nNorwegian Bokmål: rug\nElfdalian: rug\nScanian: ruğ\nGutnish: ryg"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*rugis",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *rugis",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *rugis (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*Hrugʰís"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *Hrugʰís",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *Hrugʰís.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "rugiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rugīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rugi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rugīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rugį",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruginz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rugīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rugjǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rugī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rugimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rugī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rugimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rugiz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"rye"
],
"id": "en-rugiz-gem-pro-noun-v6waQjAx",
"links": [
[
"rye",
"rye"
]
],
"related": [
{
"sense": "*ruggô; Proto-West Germanic",
"word": "roggō"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "rugiz"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*rugi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *rugi\nOld English: ryġe, ryġi — early\nMiddle English: rye, rie, reye, reyghe, reyhe, ruye\nEnglish: rye\nScots: ry\nYola: ree\n→? Middle Welsh: ryc\nWelsh: rhyg",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *rugi\nOld English: ryġe, ryġi — early\nMiddle English: rye, rie, reye, reyghe, reyhe, ruye\nEnglish: rye\nScots: ry\nYola: ree\n→? Middle Welsh: ryc\nWelsh: rhyg"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "rugr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: rugr\nIcelandic: rúgur\nFaroese: rugur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: rug\nOld Swedish: rogher\nSwedish: råg; rôg (dialectal)\nOld Danish: rugh\nDanish: rug\nNorwegian Bokmål: rug\nElfdalian: rug\nScanian: ruğ\nGutnish: ryg",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: rugr\nIcelandic: rúgur\nFaroese: rugur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: rug\nOld Swedish: rogher\nSwedish: råg; rôg (dialectal)\nOld Danish: rugh\nDanish: rug\nNorwegian Bokmål: rug\nElfdalian: rug\nScanian: ruğ\nGutnish: ryg"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*rugis",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *rugis",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *rugis (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*Hrugʰís"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *Hrugʰís",
"name": "inh"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *Hrugʰís.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "rugiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rugīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rugi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rugīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rugį",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "ruginz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rugīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rugjǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rugī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rugimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rugī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rugimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rugiz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"sense": "*ruggô; Proto-West Germanic",
"word": "roggō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic i-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"gem-pro:Grains",
"gem-pro:Hordeeae tribe grasses"
],
"glosses": [
"rye"
],
"links": [
[
"rye",
"rye"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"word": "rugiz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for rugiz meaning in Proto-Germanic (3.5kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.