See raipaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "raipijaną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*raip"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *raip\nOld English: rāp\nMiddle English: rop, rap, rope, roop, roope\nEnglish: rope, roap, roape\n→ Irish: rópa\nTok Pisin: rop\nScots: raip\n→ Old French: rap\nOld Frisian: rāp, *rēp\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: riap\nHalligen: reep\nMooring: ruup\nWiedingharde: ruup\nSaterland Frisian: Roop\nWest Frisian: reap\nOld Saxon: *rēp\nMiddle Low German: rêp, reep\nLow German: Reep\nGerman Low German: Reep\n→ German: Reep (chiefly in Reeper and Fallreep)\nOld Dutch: rēp\nMiddle Dutch: rêep\nDutch: reep\nOld High German: reif\nMiddle High German: reif\nGerman: Reif, Reifen\nLuxembourgish: Reef",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *raip\nOld English: rāp\nMiddle English: rop, rap, rope, roop, roope\nEnglish: rope, roap, roape\n→ Irish: rópa\nTok Pisin: rop\nScots: raip\n→ Old French: rap\nOld Frisian: rāp, *rēp\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: riap\nHalligen: reep\nMooring: ruup\nWiedingharde: ruup\nSaterland Frisian: Roop\nWest Frisian: reap\nOld Saxon: *rēp\nMiddle Low German: rêp, reep\nLow German: Reep\nGerman Low German: Reep\n→ German: Reep (chiefly in Reeper and Fallreep)\nOld Dutch: rēp\nMiddle Dutch: rêep\nDutch: reep\nOld High German: reif\nMiddle High German: reif\nGerman: Reif, Reifen\nLuxembourgish: Reef"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "reip",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: reip n",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: reip n"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "reip",
"3": "reipi"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: reip, reipi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: reip, reipi"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "reip"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: reip",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: reip"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "reip"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: reip",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: reip"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "reip",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: reip",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: reip"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "rēp"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: rēp",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: rēp"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "rep"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: rep",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: rep"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "reb"
},
"expansion": "Danish: reb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: reb"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "rep"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: rep",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: rep"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "*𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍀𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: *𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍀𐍃 (*raips)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: *𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍀𐍃 (*raips) (in 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍀𐍃 (skaudaraips), which may instead be a neuter a-stem: the form is ambiguous)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*raippa",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *raippa",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *raippa (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁reyp-",
"t": "to peel off, rip, tear; strip, strap"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp- (“to peel off, rip, tear; strip, strap”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Apparently from a quasi-Indo-European *h₁royp-nó-s (“band, strip, strap”), of uncertain origin. Kroonen considers the term limited to Germanic, but others have further derived it from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp- (“to peel off, rip, tear; strip, strap”), though if so, the irregular sound shift from *-p- > *-p- rather than *-f- remains to be explained.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "raipaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "raipōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "raipōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "raip",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "raipōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "raipōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "raipą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "raipanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "raipas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "raipis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "raipǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "raipai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "raipamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "raipō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "raipamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/raipaz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "raipą"
},
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "raibō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 36 8 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 33 4 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"strip; margin"
],
"id": "en-raipaz-gem-pro-noun-h~ygLdbF",
"links": [
[
"strip",
"strip"
],
[
"margin",
"margin"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 36 8 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 33 4 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 39 2 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"strap; band; rein"
],
"id": "en-raipaz-gem-pro-noun--ZXCXgQi",
"links": [
[
"strap",
"strap"
],
[
"band",
"band"
],
[
"rein",
"rein"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [],
"glosses": [
"cord; rope; cable"
],
"id": "en-raipaz-gem-pro-noun-YR7RDk1v",
"links": [
[
"cord",
"cord"
],
[
"rope",
"rope"
],
[
"cable",
"cable"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*līnǭ"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 36 8 23",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 33 4 29",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"circular band; circlet; ringlet"
],
"id": "en-raipaz-gem-pro-noun-fukSfsfy",
"links": [
[
"circular",
"circular"
],
[
"band",
"band"
],
[
"circlet",
"circlet"
],
[
"ringlet",
"ringlet"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrɑi̯.pɑz/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "raipaz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "raipijaną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*raip"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *raip\nOld English: rāp\nMiddle English: rop, rap, rope, roop, roope\nEnglish: rope, roap, roape\n→ Irish: rópa\nTok Pisin: rop\nScots: raip\n→ Old French: rap\nOld Frisian: rāp, *rēp\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: riap\nHalligen: reep\nMooring: ruup\nWiedingharde: ruup\nSaterland Frisian: Roop\nWest Frisian: reap\nOld Saxon: *rēp\nMiddle Low German: rêp, reep\nLow German: Reep\nGerman Low German: Reep\n→ German: Reep (chiefly in Reeper and Fallreep)\nOld Dutch: rēp\nMiddle Dutch: rêep\nDutch: reep\nOld High German: reif\nMiddle High German: reif\nGerman: Reif, Reifen\nLuxembourgish: Reef",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *raip\nOld English: rāp\nMiddle English: rop, rap, rope, roop, roope\nEnglish: rope, roap, roape\n→ Irish: rópa\nTok Pisin: rop\nScots: raip\n→ Old French: rap\nOld Frisian: rāp, *rēp\nNorth Frisian:\nFöhr-Amrum: riap\nHalligen: reep\nMooring: ruup\nWiedingharde: ruup\nSaterland Frisian: Roop\nWest Frisian: reap\nOld Saxon: *rēp\nMiddle Low German: rêp, reep\nLow German: Reep\nGerman Low German: Reep\n→ German: Reep (chiefly in Reeper and Fallreep)\nOld Dutch: rēp\nMiddle Dutch: rêep\nDutch: reep\nOld High German: reif\nMiddle High German: reif\nGerman: Reif, Reifen\nLuxembourgish: Reef"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "reip",
"g": "n"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: reip n",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: reip n"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "reip",
"3": "reipi"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: reip, reipi",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: reip, reipi"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "reip"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: reip",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: reip"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "reip"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: reip",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Nynorsk: reip"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "reip",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: reip",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: reip"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "rēp"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: rēp",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: rēp"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "rep"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: rep",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: rep"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "reb"
},
"expansion": "Danish: reb",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: reb"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "rep"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: rep",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian Bokmål: rep"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "*𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍀𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: *𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍀𐍃 (*raips)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: *𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍀𐍃 (*raips) (in 𐍃𐌺𐌰𐌿𐌳𐌰𐍂𐌰𐌹𐍀𐍃 (skaudaraips), which may instead be a neuter a-stem: the form is ambiguous)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*raippa",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *raippa",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *raippa (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"nocap": "1"
},
"expansion": "uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁reyp-",
"t": "to peel off, rip, tear; strip, strap"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp- (“to peel off, rip, tear; strip, strap”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Apparently from a quasi-Indo-European *h₁royp-nó-s (“band, strip, strap”), of uncertain origin. Kroonen considers the term limited to Germanic, but others have further derived it from Proto-Indo-European *h₁reyp- (“to peel off, rip, tear; strip, strap”), though if so, the irregular sound shift from *-p- > *-p- rather than *-f- remains to be explained.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "raipaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "raipōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "raipōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "raip",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "raipōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "raipōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "raipą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "raipanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "raipas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "raipis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "raipǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "raipai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "raipamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "raipō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "raipamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/raipaz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "raipą"
},
{
"word": "raibō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"strip; margin"
],
"links": [
[
"strip",
"strip"
],
[
"margin",
"margin"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"strap; band; rein"
],
"links": [
[
"strap",
"strap"
],
[
"band",
"band"
],
[
"rein",
"rein"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"gem-pro:Fibers"
],
"glosses": [
"cord; rope; cable"
],
"links": [
[
"cord",
"cord"
],
[
"rope",
"rope"
],
[
"cable",
"cable"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*līnǭ"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"circular band; circlet; ringlet"
],
"links": [
[
"circular",
"circular"
],
[
"band",
"band"
],
[
"circlet",
"circlet"
],
[
"ringlet",
"ringlet"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrɑi̯.pɑz/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "raipaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for raipaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (6.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.