See rōþrą in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*rōþr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *rōþr\nOld English: rōþor\nMiddle English: rother, rodder, rothre, ruder, rothyr, rothir, rothar, roþer\nEnglish: rudder, rother\nScots: rudder, ruther, ruder\nOld Frisian: rōther, rōder\nSaterland Frisian: Ruur\nWest Frisian: roer\nOld Saxon: *rōthar\nMiddle Low German: rôder\nGerman Low German: Roor\n→ Danish: ror\n→ Faroese: róður\n→ Norwegian: ror\n→ Old Swedish: rodher\nSwedish: roder\nOld Dutch: *ruother\nMiddle Dutch: roeder\nDutch: roer\nAfrikaans: roer\n→ Russian: руль (rulʹ)\n→ Armenian: ռուլ (ṙul)\n→ Azerbaijani: rul\n→ Georgian: რული (ruli)\n→ Kazakh: рөл (röl)\n→ Persian: رل (rol)\nOld High German: ruodar, ruoder\nMiddle High German: ruoder\nGerman: Ruder\nLuxembourgish: Rudder\nYiddish: רודער (ruder)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *rōþr\nOld English: rōþor\nMiddle English: rother, rodder, rothre, ruder, rothyr, rothir, rothar, roþer\nEnglish: rudder, rother\nScots: rudder, ruther, ruder\nOld Frisian: rōther, rōder\nSaterland Frisian: Ruur\nWest Frisian: roer\nOld Saxon: *rōthar\nMiddle Low German: rôder\nGerman Low German: Roor\n→ Danish: ror\n→ Faroese: róður\n→ Norwegian: ror\n→ Old Swedish: rodher\nSwedish: roder\nOld Dutch: *ruother\nMiddle Dutch: roeder\nDutch: roer\nAfrikaans: roer\n→ Russian: руль (rulʹ)\n→ Armenian: ռուլ (ṙul)\n→ Azerbaijani: rul\n→ Georgian: რული (ruli)\n→ Kazakh: рөл (röl)\n→ Persian: رل (rol)\nOld High German: ruodar, ruoder\nMiddle High German: ruoder\nGerman: Ruder\nLuxembourgish: Rudder\nYiddish: רודער (ruder)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "róðr",
"g": "m",
"t": "rowing"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: róðr m (“rowing”)\nIcelandic: róður m\nFaroese: róður m (“rowing”)\nOld East Norse:\nOld Swedish: roþer\nSwedish: rodd c\n⇒ Swedish: rod, Roden (“the coastal region of Uppland”)\n⇒ Swedish: Roslagen\n→ Proto-Finnic: *roocci (from the genitive *roþs-)\nEstonian: rootsi, Rootsi, (archaic) roots\nFinnish: ruotsi, Ruotsi\nKven: Ruottii\nMeänkieli: Ruotti\nIngrian: rootsi, Rootsi\nKarelian:\nNorth Karelian: ruočči, Ruočči\nSouth Karelian: ruočči, Ruočči\nLivonian: rūotš, Rūotšmō\nLivvi: ruočči, Ruočči\nLudian: ruoč\nVeps: Ročinma\nVõro: ruuts', Roodsi\nVotic: roottsi\n→ Old East Slavic: Русь (Rusĭ) (see there for further descendants)\n→ Old Novgorodian: Роусь (Rusĭ)\n→ Proto-Permic:\nKomi-Permyak: роч (roć)\nKomi-Zyrian: роч (roć)\nUdmurt: ӟуч (dźuć)\n→ Proto-Samic:\nInari Sami: Ruotâ\nKildin Sami: Рӯц (Rūc)\nNorthern Sami: Ruoŧŧa\nSkolt Sami: Ruõcc\nUme Sami: Ruohtsa",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: róðr m (“rowing”)\nIcelandic: róður m\nFaroese: róður m (“rowing”)\nOld East Norse:\nOld Swedish: roþer\nSwedish: rodd c\n⇒ Swedish: rod, Roden (“the coastal region of Uppland”)\n⇒ Swedish: Roslagen\n→ Proto-Finnic: *roocci (from the genitive *roþs-)\nEstonian: rootsi, Rootsi, (archaic) roots\nFinnish: ruotsi, Ruotsi\nKven: Ruottii\nMeänkieli: Ruotti\nIngrian: rootsi, Rootsi\nKarelian:\nNorth Karelian: ruočči, Ruočči\nSouth Karelian: ruočči, Ruočči\nLivonian: rūotš, Rūotšmō\nLivvi: ruočči, Ruočči\nLudian: ruoč\nVeps: Ročinma\nVõro: ruuts', Roodsi\nVotic: roottsi\n→ Old East Slavic: Русь (Rusĭ) (see there for further descendants)\n→ Old Novgorodian: Роусь (Rusĭ)\n→ Proto-Permic:\nKomi-Permyak: роч (roć)\nKomi-Zyrian: роч (roć)\nUdmurt: ӟуч (dźuć)\n→ Proto-Samic:\nInari Sami: Ruotâ\nKildin Sami: Рӯц (Rūc)\nNorthern Sami: Ruoŧŧa\nSkolt Sami: Ruõcc\nUme Sami: Ruohtsa"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁reh₁-",
"id": "row"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*rōaną",
"3": "*þrą",
"t1": "to row",
"t2": "tool, instrument"
},
"expansion": "*rōaną (“to row”) + *-þrą (“tool, instrument”)",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *rōaną (“to row”) + *-þrą (“tool, instrument”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "rōþrą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōþrō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōþrą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rōþrō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rōþrą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōþrō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōþras",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōþris",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōþrǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōþrai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōþramaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōþrō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōþramiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rōþrą",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "83 17",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "97 3",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "87 13",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "96 4",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-þrą",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"oar"
],
"id": "en-rōþrą-gem-pro-noun-IeX4mml1",
"links": [
[
"oar",
"oar"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*airō"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"rudder"
],
"id": "en-rōþrą-gem-pro-noun-N9gPQ~Q8",
"links": [
[
"rudder",
"rudder"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*helmô"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrɔːθ.rɑ̃/"
}
],
"word": "rōþrą"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic neuter nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *h₁reh₁- (row)",
"Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-þrą"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*rōþr"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *rōþr\nOld English: rōþor\nMiddle English: rother, rodder, rothre, ruder, rothyr, rothir, rothar, roþer\nEnglish: rudder, rother\nScots: rudder, ruther, ruder\nOld Frisian: rōther, rōder\nSaterland Frisian: Ruur\nWest Frisian: roer\nOld Saxon: *rōthar\nMiddle Low German: rôder\nGerman Low German: Roor\n→ Danish: ror\n→ Faroese: róður\n→ Norwegian: ror\n→ Old Swedish: rodher\nSwedish: roder\nOld Dutch: *ruother\nMiddle Dutch: roeder\nDutch: roer\nAfrikaans: roer\n→ Russian: руль (rulʹ)\n→ Armenian: ռուլ (ṙul)\n→ Azerbaijani: rul\n→ Georgian: რული (ruli)\n→ Kazakh: рөл (röl)\n→ Persian: رل (rol)\nOld High German: ruodar, ruoder\nMiddle High German: ruoder\nGerman: Ruder\nLuxembourgish: Rudder\nYiddish: רודער (ruder)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *rōþr\nOld English: rōþor\nMiddle English: rother, rodder, rothre, ruder, rothyr, rothir, rothar, roþer\nEnglish: rudder, rother\nScots: rudder, ruther, ruder\nOld Frisian: rōther, rōder\nSaterland Frisian: Ruur\nWest Frisian: roer\nOld Saxon: *rōthar\nMiddle Low German: rôder\nGerman Low German: Roor\n→ Danish: ror\n→ Faroese: róður\n→ Norwegian: ror\n→ Old Swedish: rodher\nSwedish: roder\nOld Dutch: *ruother\nMiddle Dutch: roeder\nDutch: roer\nAfrikaans: roer\n→ Russian: руль (rulʹ)\n→ Armenian: ռուլ (ṙul)\n→ Azerbaijani: rul\n→ Georgian: რული (ruli)\n→ Kazakh: рөл (röl)\n→ Persian: رل (rol)\nOld High German: ruodar, ruoder\nMiddle High German: ruoder\nGerman: Ruder\nLuxembourgish: Rudder\nYiddish: רודער (ruder)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "róðr",
"g": "m",
"t": "rowing"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: róðr m (“rowing”)\nIcelandic: róður m\nFaroese: róður m (“rowing”)\nOld East Norse:\nOld Swedish: roþer\nSwedish: rodd c\n⇒ Swedish: rod, Roden (“the coastal region of Uppland”)\n⇒ Swedish: Roslagen\n→ Proto-Finnic: *roocci (from the genitive *roþs-)\nEstonian: rootsi, Rootsi, (archaic) roots\nFinnish: ruotsi, Ruotsi\nKven: Ruottii\nMeänkieli: Ruotti\nIngrian: rootsi, Rootsi\nKarelian:\nNorth Karelian: ruočči, Ruočči\nSouth Karelian: ruočči, Ruočči\nLivonian: rūotš, Rūotšmō\nLivvi: ruočči, Ruočči\nLudian: ruoč\nVeps: Ročinma\nVõro: ruuts', Roodsi\nVotic: roottsi\n→ Old East Slavic: Русь (Rusĭ) (see there for further descendants)\n→ Old Novgorodian: Роусь (Rusĭ)\n→ Proto-Permic:\nKomi-Permyak: роч (roć)\nKomi-Zyrian: роч (roć)\nUdmurt: ӟуч (dźuć)\n→ Proto-Samic:\nInari Sami: Ruotâ\nKildin Sami: Рӯц (Rūc)\nNorthern Sami: Ruoŧŧa\nSkolt Sami: Ruõcc\nUme Sami: Ruohtsa",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: róðr m (“rowing”)\nIcelandic: róður m\nFaroese: róður m (“rowing”)\nOld East Norse:\nOld Swedish: roþer\nSwedish: rodd c\n⇒ Swedish: rod, Roden (“the coastal region of Uppland”)\n⇒ Swedish: Roslagen\n→ Proto-Finnic: *roocci (from the genitive *roþs-)\nEstonian: rootsi, Rootsi, (archaic) roots\nFinnish: ruotsi, Ruotsi\nKven: Ruottii\nMeänkieli: Ruotti\nIngrian: rootsi, Rootsi\nKarelian:\nNorth Karelian: ruočči, Ruočči\nSouth Karelian: ruočči, Ruočči\nLivonian: rūotš, Rūotšmō\nLivvi: ruočči, Ruočči\nLudian: ruoč\nVeps: Ročinma\nVõro: ruuts', Roodsi\nVotic: roottsi\n→ Old East Slavic: Русь (Rusĭ) (see there for further descendants)\n→ Old Novgorodian: Роусь (Rusĭ)\n→ Proto-Permic:\nKomi-Permyak: роч (roć)\nKomi-Zyrian: роч (roć)\nUdmurt: ӟуч (dźuć)\n→ Proto-Samic:\nInari Sami: Ruotâ\nKildin Sami: Рӯц (Rūc)\nNorthern Sami: Ruoŧŧa\nSkolt Sami: Ruõcc\nUme Sami: Ruohtsa"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*h₁reh₁-",
"id": "row"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*rōaną",
"3": "*þrą",
"t1": "to row",
"t2": "tool, instrument"
},
"expansion": "*rōaną (“to row”) + *-þrą (“tool, instrument”)",
"name": "suffix"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *rōaną (“to row”) + *-þrą (“tool, instrument”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "rōþrą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōþrō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōþrą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rōþrō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "rōþrą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōþrō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōþras",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōþris",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōþrǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōþrai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōþramaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "rōþrō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "rōþramiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/rōþrą",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"gem-pro:Tools",
"gem-pro:Watercraft"
],
"glosses": [
"oar"
],
"links": [
[
"oar",
"oar"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*airō"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"rudder"
],
"links": [
[
"rudder",
"rudder"
]
],
"synonyms": [
{
"word": "*helmô"
}
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈrɔːθ.rɑ̃/"
}
],
"word": "rōþrą"
}
Download raw JSONL data for rōþrą meaning in Proto-Germanic (6.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.