See preunaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "prēon"
},
"expansion": "Old English: prēon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: prēon"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pren"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: pren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: pren"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "preen"
},
"expansion": "English: preen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: preen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pirn",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ English: pirn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ English: pirn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "preen"
},
"expansion": "Scots: preen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: preen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Preem"
},
"expansion": "Low German: Preem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: Preem"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "priem"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: priem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: priem"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "priem"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: priem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: priem"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "priem"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: priem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: priem"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "pfrieme"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: pfrieme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: pfrieme"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Pfriem"
},
"expansion": "German: Pfriem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Pfriem"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "prjónn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: prjónn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: prjónn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "prjónn"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: prjónn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: prjónn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "prónur"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: prónur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: prónur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "pjone",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Norwegian Bokmål: pjone",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Norwegian Bokmål: pjone"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "pjone",
"3": "pjona",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Norwegian Nynorsk: pjone, pjona",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Norwegian Nynorsk: pjone, pjona"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "pryne"
},
"expansion": "Danish: pryne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: pryne"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*brewk-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *brewk-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "бръсна",
"3": "",
"4": "to shave"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian бръсна (brǎsna, “to shave”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "brukti",
"3": "",
"4": "to prod"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian brukti (“to prod”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*brew-",
"3": "*brewn-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *brewn-",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "briaunà",
"3": "",
"4": "edge"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian briaunà (“edge”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "brez",
"3": "",
"4": "belt, girdle"
},
"expansion": "Albanian brez (“belt, girdle”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from earlier *preuhmô, genitive *preuhnaz, from *bréuk-mō, *bréuk-(m)n-os, from Proto-Indo-European *brewk-, related to Bulgarian бръсна (brǎsna, “to shave”), Lithuanian brukti (“to prod”).\nAlternatively, from Proto-Indo-European *brewn-, related to Lithuanian briaunà (“edge”), Albanian brez (“belt, girdle”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "preunaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "preunōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "preunōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "preun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "preunōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "preunōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "preuną",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "preunanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "preunas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "priunis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "preunǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "preunai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "preunamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "preunō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "preunamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/preunaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "74 26",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "89 11",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "93 7",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"knitting needle"
],
"id": "en-preunaz-gem-pro-noun-SILfAjiI",
"links": [
[
"knitting needle",
"knitting needle"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"pin"
],
"id": "en-preunaz-gem-pro-noun-ZPRqdSah",
"links": [
[
"pin",
"pin"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpreu̯.nɑz/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Vladimir Orel"
],
"word": "preunaz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"gem-pro:Tools"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "prēon"
},
"expansion": "Old English: prēon",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: prēon"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "pren"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: pren",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: pren"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "preen"
},
"expansion": "English: preen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: preen"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "pirn",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ English: pirn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ English: pirn"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "preen"
},
"expansion": "Scots: preen",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: preen"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German:"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds",
"2": "Preem"
},
"expansion": "Low German: Preem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Low German: Preem"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "priem"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: priem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: priem"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "priem"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: priem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: priem"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "priem"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: priem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: priem"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Old High German:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German:"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "pfrieme"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: pfrieme",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: pfrieme"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Pfriem"
},
"expansion": "German: Pfriem",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Pfriem"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "prjónn"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: prjónn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: prjónn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "prjónn"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: prjónn",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: prjónn"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "prónur"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: prónur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: prónur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "pjone",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Norwegian Bokmål: pjone",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Norwegian Bokmål: pjone"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "pjone",
"3": "pjona",
"der": "1"
},
"expansion": "⇒ Norwegian Nynorsk: pjone, pjona",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "⇒ Norwegian Nynorsk: pjone, pjona"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "pryne"
},
"expansion": "Danish: pryne",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: pryne"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*brewk-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *brewk-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "bg",
"2": "бръсна",
"3": "",
"4": "to shave"
},
"expansion": "Bulgarian бръсна (brǎsna, “to shave”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "brukti",
"3": "",
"4": "to prod"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian brukti (“to prod”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*brew-",
"3": "*brewn-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *brewn-",
"name": "m+"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "briaunà",
"3": "",
"4": "edge"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian briaunà (“edge”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "brez",
"3": "",
"4": "belt, girdle"
},
"expansion": "Albanian brez (“belt, girdle”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Possibly from earlier *preuhmô, genitive *preuhnaz, from *bréuk-mō, *bréuk-(m)n-os, from Proto-Indo-European *brewk-, related to Bulgarian бръсна (brǎsna, “to shave”), Lithuanian brukti (“to prod”).\nAlternatively, from Proto-Indo-European *brewn-, related to Lithuanian briaunà (“edge”), Albanian brez (“belt, girdle”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "preunaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "preunōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "preunōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "preun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "preunōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "preunōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "preuną",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "preunanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "preunas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "priunis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "preunǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "preunai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "preunamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "preunō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "preunamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/preunaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"knitting needle"
],
"links": [
[
"knitting needle",
"knitting needle"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"pin"
],
"links": [
[
"pin",
"pin"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpreu̯.nɑz/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Vladimir Orel"
],
"word": "preunaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for preunaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (6.4kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.