See pūkô in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSONL data for pūkô meaning in Proto-Germanic (5.3kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*pūkō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *pūkō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *pūkō"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "pūca"
},
"expansion": "Old English: pūca\nMiddle English: pouke, ppoke, powke, puke\nEnglish: puck, Puck\n>? English: pug\n→? Cornish: bucca\n→ English: bucca\n→ Welsh: pwca",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: pūca\nMiddle English: pouke, ppoke, powke, puke\nEnglish: puck, Puck\n>? English: pug\n→? Cornish: bucca\n→ English: bucca\n→ Welsh: pwca"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*pūka"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *pūka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *pūka"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Puk"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Puk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Puk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "peuk",
"3": "puk",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Dutch: peuk, puk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Dutch: peuk, puk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "púki"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: púki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: púki"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "púki"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: púki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: púki"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "púki"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: púki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: púki"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "pokker"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: pokker",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: pokker"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "pūke"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: pūke\nSwedish: puke; ⇒ skråpuke, ⇒ skråpuk",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: pūke\nSwedish: puke; ⇒ skråpuke, ⇒ skråpuk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "pokker"
},
"expansion": "Danish: pokker",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: pokker"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "pūķis",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latvian: pūķis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latvian: pūķis"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "púca",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Old Irish: púca",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Old Irish: púca"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "púca"
},
"expansion": "Irish: púca\n→? Cornish: bucca\n→ English: bucca\n→ English: pooka, puka",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Irish: púca\n→? Cornish: bucca\n→ English: bucca\n→ English: pooka, puka"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*(s)pāuǵ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)pāuǵ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"title": "imitative"
},
"expansion": "imitative",
"name": "sound-symbolic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "boo"
},
"expansion": "English boo",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Possibly related to *spōk, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pāuǵ-, *(s)pāug- (“brilliance; spectre”) with unusually late loss of the s-mobile (after Grimm's law), but this still suffers other phonetic problems as well as probably semantic ones. Perhaps of substrate origin, or imitative like English boo.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "an-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "pūkô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūkaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūkô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pūkaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pūkanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūkanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūkiniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūkanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūkini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūkammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūkinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūkammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/pūkô",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-kô",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"hunchback, goblin, spook"
],
"id": "en-pūkô-gem-pro-noun-ARjiMv~m",
"links": [
[
"hunchback",
"hunchback"
],
[
"goblin",
"goblin"
],
[
"spook",
"spook"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpuː.kɔːː/"
}
],
"word": "pūkô"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*pūkō"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *pūkō",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *pūkō"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "pūca"
},
"expansion": "Old English: pūca\nMiddle English: pouke, ppoke, powke, puke\nEnglish: puck, Puck\n>? English: pug\n→? Cornish: bucca\n→ English: bucca\n→ Welsh: pwca",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old English: pūca\nMiddle English: pouke, ppoke, powke, puke\nEnglish: puck, Puck\n>? English: pug\n→? Cornish: bucca\n→ English: bucca\n→ Welsh: pwca"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*pūka"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *pūka",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *pūka"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Puk"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Puk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Puk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "peuk",
"3": "puk",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": ">? Dutch: peuk, puk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": ">? Dutch: peuk, puk"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "púki"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: púki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: púki"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "púki"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: púki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: púki"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "púki"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: púki",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: púki"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "pokker"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: pokker",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: pokker"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "pūke"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: pūke\nSwedish: puke; ⇒ skråpuke, ⇒ skråpuk",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: pūke\nSwedish: puke; ⇒ skråpuke, ⇒ skråpuk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "pokker"
},
"expansion": "Danish: pokker",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: pokker"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "pūķis",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latvian: pūķis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latvian: pūķis"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "púca",
"bor": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→? Old Irish: púca",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→? Old Irish: púca"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ga",
"2": "púca"
},
"expansion": "Irish: púca\n→? Cornish: bucca\n→ English: bucca\n→ English: pooka, puka",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Irish: púca\n→? Cornish: bucca\n→ English: bucca\n→ English: pooka, puka"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro"
},
"expansion": "Uncertain",
"name": "unc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*(s)pāuǵ-"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)pāuǵ-",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "qfa-sub"
},
"expansion": "substrate",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"title": "imitative"
},
"expansion": "imitative",
"name": "sound-symbolic"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "boo"
},
"expansion": "English boo",
"name": "noncog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Uncertain. Possibly related to *spōk, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)pāuǵ-, *(s)pāug- (“brilliance; spectre”) with unusually late loss of the s-mobile (after Grimm's law), but this still suffers other phonetic problems as well as probably semantic ones. Perhaps of substrate origin, or imitative like English boo.",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "an-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "pūkô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūkaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūkô",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pūkaniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "pūkanų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūkanunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūkiniz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūkanǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūkini",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūkammaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "pūkinē",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "pūkammiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {
"g": "m"
},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/pūkô",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic an-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic sound-symbolic terms",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from substrate languages",
"Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-kô",
"Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies",
"gem-pro:Mythological creatures"
],
"glosses": [
"hunchback, goblin, spook"
],
"links": [
[
"hunchback",
"hunchback"
],
[
"goblin",
"goblin"
],
[
"spook",
"spook"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈpuː.kɔːː/"
}
],
"word": "pūkô"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-29 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (d4b8e84 and b863ecc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.