See naudiz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"derived": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "naudijaną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*naudi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *naudi\nOld English: nīed, nȳd, nēd, nēad\nMiddle English: nede\nEnglish: need\nScots: nede\nOld Frisian: nēd, nād\nNorth Frisian: nud\nSaterland Frisian: Nood\nWest Frisian: need\nOld Saxon: nōd\nMiddle Low German: nōt\nWestphalian:\nSauerländisch: nôd\nWestmünsterländisch: Nood\nPlautdietsch: Noot\nOld Dutch: *nōd\nMiddle Dutch: nôot\nDutch: nood\nAfrikaans: nood\nLimburgish: noead\nOld High German: nōt\nMiddle High German: nōt\nGerman: Not\nLuxembourgish: Nout\nYiddish: נויט (noyt)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *naudi\nOld English: nīed, nȳd, nēd, nēad\nMiddle English: nede\nEnglish: need\nScots: nede\nOld Frisian: nēd, nād\nNorth Frisian: nud\nSaterland Frisian: Nood\nWest Frisian: need\nOld Saxon: nōd\nMiddle Low German: nōt\nWestphalian:\nSauerländisch: nôd\nWestmünsterländisch: Nood\nPlautdietsch: Noot\nOld Dutch: *nōd\nMiddle Dutch: nôot\nDutch: nood\nAfrikaans: nood\nLimburgish: noead\nOld High German: nōt\nMiddle High German: nōt\nGerman: Not\nLuxembourgish: Nout\nYiddish: נויט (noyt)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "*ᚾᚨᚢᛞᛁᛉ",
"tr": "naudiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: *ᚾᚨᚢᛞᛁᛉ (naudiz)\nOld Norse: nauð, nauðr, neyð\nIcelandic: nauð, neyð\nFaroese: neyð\nNorwegian Nynorsk: naud\nOld Swedish: nø̄þ\nSwedish: nöd\nDanish: nød\nNorwegian Bokmål: nød\n→ Norwegian Nynorsk: nød",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: *ᚾᚨᚢᛞᛁᛉ (naudiz)\nOld Norse: nauð, nauðr, neyð\nIcelandic: nauð, neyð\nFaroese: neyð\nNorwegian Nynorsk: naud\nOld Swedish: nø̄þ\nSwedish: nöd\nDanish: nød\nNorwegian Bokmål: nød\n→ Norwegian Nynorsk: nød"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌸𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌸𐍃 (nauþs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌸𐍃 (nauþs)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "neyða",
"t": "to force"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse neyða (“to force”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (nauþjan)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a *ti- stem related to the root of *nawiz (“corpse”). See also Old Norse neyða (“to force”), Gothic 𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (nauþjan).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "naudiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "naudīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "naudi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "naudīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "naudį",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "naudinz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "naudīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "naudijǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "naudī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "naudimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "naudī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "naudimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/naudiz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"_dis1": "0 0 0 0",
"word": "nawaz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 38 8 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 27 3 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"need"
],
"id": "en-naudiz-gem-pro-noun-vo3~ALDU",
"links": [
[
"need",
"need"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 38 8 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 27 3 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"trouble, distress"
],
"id": "en-naudiz-gem-pro-noun-yvg7WIIn",
"links": [
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"distress",
"distress"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"compulsion, force"
],
"id": "en-naudiz-gem-pro-noun-jP7LTHFA",
"links": [
[
"compulsion",
"compulsion"
],
[
"force",
"force"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 38 8 20",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "35 27 3 35",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "27 26 4 42",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 20 3 55",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-þiz",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"name of the rune ᚾ (n)"
],
"id": "en-naudiz-gem-pro-noun-JzAqQiVW",
"links": [
[
"ᚾ",
"ᚾ#Translingual"
]
],
"qualifier": "Runic alphabet",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Runic alphabet) name of the rune ᚾ (n)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈnɑu̯.ðiz/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "naudiz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic i-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-þiz",
"gem-pro:Emotions",
"gem-pro:Runic letter names"
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "naudijaną"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*naudi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *naudi\nOld English: nīed, nȳd, nēd, nēad\nMiddle English: nede\nEnglish: need\nScots: nede\nOld Frisian: nēd, nād\nNorth Frisian: nud\nSaterland Frisian: Nood\nWest Frisian: need\nOld Saxon: nōd\nMiddle Low German: nōt\nWestphalian:\nSauerländisch: nôd\nWestmünsterländisch: Nood\nPlautdietsch: Noot\nOld Dutch: *nōd\nMiddle Dutch: nôot\nDutch: nood\nAfrikaans: nood\nLimburgish: noead\nOld High German: nōt\nMiddle High German: nōt\nGerman: Not\nLuxembourgish: Nout\nYiddish: נויט (noyt)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *naudi\nOld English: nīed, nȳd, nēd, nēad\nMiddle English: nede\nEnglish: need\nScots: nede\nOld Frisian: nēd, nād\nNorth Frisian: nud\nSaterland Frisian: Nood\nWest Frisian: need\nOld Saxon: nōd\nMiddle Low German: nōt\nWestphalian:\nSauerländisch: nôd\nWestmünsterländisch: Nood\nPlautdietsch: Noot\nOld Dutch: *nōd\nMiddle Dutch: nôot\nDutch: nood\nAfrikaans: nood\nLimburgish: noead\nOld High German: nōt\nMiddle High German: nōt\nGerman: Not\nLuxembourgish: Nout\nYiddish: נויט (noyt)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-pro",
"2": "*ᚾᚨᚢᛞᛁᛉ",
"tr": "naudiz"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Norse: *ᚾᚨᚢᛞᛁᛉ (naudiz)\nOld Norse: nauð, nauðr, neyð\nIcelandic: nauð, neyð\nFaroese: neyð\nNorwegian Nynorsk: naud\nOld Swedish: nø̄þ\nSwedish: nöd\nDanish: nød\nNorwegian Bokmål: nød\n→ Norwegian Nynorsk: nød",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-Norse: *ᚾᚨᚢᛞᛁᛉ (naudiz)\nOld Norse: nauð, nauðr, neyð\nIcelandic: nauð, neyð\nFaroese: neyð\nNorwegian Nynorsk: naud\nOld Swedish: nø̄þ\nSwedish: nöd\nDanish: nød\nNorwegian Bokmål: nød\n→ Norwegian Nynorsk: nød"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌸𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌸𐍃 (nauþs)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌸𐍃 (nauþs)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "neyða",
"t": "to force"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse neyða (“to force”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽"
},
"expansion": "Gothic 𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (nauþjan)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From a *ti- stem related to the root of *nawiz (“corpse”). See also Old Norse neyða (“to force”), Gothic 𐌽𐌰𐌿𐌸𐌾𐌰𐌽 (nauþjan).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "naudiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "naudīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "naudi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "naudīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "naudį",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "naudinz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "naudīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "naudijǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "naudī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "naudimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "naudī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "naudimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/naudiz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "nawaz"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"need"
],
"links": [
[
"need",
"need"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"trouble, distress"
],
"links": [
[
"trouble",
"trouble"
],
[
"distress",
"distress"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"compulsion, force"
],
"links": [
[
"compulsion",
"compulsion"
],
[
"force",
"force"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
"gem-pro:Runic letter names"
],
"glosses": [
"name of the rune ᚾ (n)"
],
"links": [
[
"ᚾ",
"ᚾ#Translingual"
]
],
"qualifier": "Runic alphabet",
"raw_glosses": [
"(Runic alphabet) name of the rune ᚾ (n)"
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈnɑu̯.ðiz/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "naudiz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for naudiz meaning in Proto-Germanic (4.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-28 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-11-21 using wiktextract (65a6e81 and 0dbea76). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.