See mugjō in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*muggju"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *muggju, *muggjā\nOld English: myċġ\nMiddle English: migge, mydge\nScots: mige\nEnglish: midge\nOld Frisian: *megge, *migge\nSaterland Frisian: Määge\nWest Frisian: mich\nOld Saxon: muggia, mugga\nMiddle Low German: mügge\nGerman Low German: Mügge, Mügg\n→ Old Norse: myg\nDanish: myg\nSwedish: mygga, mygg\nNorwegian: mygg\nOld Dutch: *mugga\nMiddle Dutch: mugge\nDutch: mug\nAfrikaans: muggie\nOld High German: mugga, mukka, mucka\nMiddle High German: mücke, mügge, mugge, mucke\nGerman: Mücke\nHunsrik: Mick\nLuxembourgish: Méck",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *muggju, *muggjā\nOld English: myċġ\nMiddle English: migge, mydge\nScots: mige\nEnglish: midge\nOld Frisian: *megge, *migge\nSaterland Frisian: Määge\nWest Frisian: mich\nOld Saxon: muggia, mugga\nMiddle Low German: mügge\nGerman Low German: Mügge, Mügg\n→ Old Norse: myg\nDanish: myg\nSwedish: mygga, mygg\nNorwegian: mygg\nOld Dutch: *mugga\nMiddle Dutch: mugge\nDutch: mug\nAfrikaans: muggie\nOld High German: mugga, mukka, mucka\nMiddle High German: mücke, mügge, mugge, mucke\nGerman: Mücke\nHunsrik: Mick\nLuxembourgish: Méck"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*muH-íh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *muH-íh₂",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-gjō",
"pos2": "diminutive suffix"
},
"expansion": "+ *-gjō (diminutive suffix)",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "musca",
"t": "fly (insect)"
},
"expansion": "Latin musca (“fly (insect)”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "mùsė",
"t": "fly"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian mùsė (“fly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*mùxa",
"t": "fly"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *mùxa (“fly”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *mu- (from earlier *muwī, continuing Proto-Indo-European *muH-íh₂, *muH-iéh₂-s-, the short u a result of Dybo's law) + *-gjō (diminutive suffix). The western Germanic variants underwent a different velarization than *mują, though both are from the same ultimate source. Cognates include Latin musca (“fly (insect)”), Lithuanian mùsė (“fly”), Proto-Slavic *mùxa (“fly”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "mugjō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mugjôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mugjō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "mugjôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "mugjǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mugjōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mugjōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mugjǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mugjōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mugjōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mugjō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mugjōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "West Germanic"
},
"expansion": "(West Germanic)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mugjō",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-gjō",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "West Proto-Germanic",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"little fly, midge, mosquito"
],
"id": "en-mugjō-gem-pro-noun-f~4B76kJ",
"links": [
[
"little",
"little"
],
[
"fly",
"fly"
],
[
"midge",
"midge"
],
[
"mosquito",
"mosquito"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "mausō"
},
{
"word": "mugjǭ"
},
{
"word": "mują"
},
{
"word": "musō"
}
],
"tags": [
"Germanic",
"West",
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Dybo's law"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmuɣ.jɔː/"
}
],
"word": "mugjō"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*muggju"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *muggju, *muggjā\nOld English: myċġ\nMiddle English: migge, mydge\nScots: mige\nEnglish: midge\nOld Frisian: *megge, *migge\nSaterland Frisian: Määge\nWest Frisian: mich\nOld Saxon: muggia, mugga\nMiddle Low German: mügge\nGerman Low German: Mügge, Mügg\n→ Old Norse: myg\nDanish: myg\nSwedish: mygga, mygg\nNorwegian: mygg\nOld Dutch: *mugga\nMiddle Dutch: mugge\nDutch: mug\nAfrikaans: muggie\nOld High German: mugga, mukka, mucka\nMiddle High German: mücke, mügge, mugge, mucke\nGerman: Mücke\nHunsrik: Mick\nLuxembourgish: Méck",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *muggju, *muggjā\nOld English: myċġ\nMiddle English: migge, mydge\nScots: mige\nEnglish: midge\nOld Frisian: *megge, *migge\nSaterland Frisian: Määge\nWest Frisian: mich\nOld Saxon: muggia, mugga\nMiddle Low German: mügge\nGerman Low German: Mügge, Mügg\n→ Old Norse: myg\nDanish: myg\nSwedish: mygga, mygg\nNorwegian: mygg\nOld Dutch: *mugga\nMiddle Dutch: mugge\nDutch: mug\nAfrikaans: muggie\nOld High German: mugga, mukka, mucka\nMiddle High German: mücke, mügge, mugge, mucke\nGerman: Mücke\nHunsrik: Mick\nLuxembourgish: Méck"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*muH-íh₂"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *muH-íh₂",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "",
"3": "*-gjō",
"pos2": "diminutive suffix"
},
"expansion": "+ *-gjō (diminutive suffix)",
"name": "suf"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "la",
"2": "musca",
"t": "fly (insect)"
},
"expansion": "Latin musca (“fly (insect)”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "mùsė",
"t": "fly"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian mùsė (“fly”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*mùxa",
"t": "fly"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *mùxa (“fly”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *mu- (from earlier *muwī, continuing Proto-Indo-European *muH-íh₂, *muH-iéh₂-s-, the short u a result of Dybo's law) + *-gjō (diminutive suffix). The western Germanic variants underwent a different velarization than *mują, though both are from the same ultimate source. Cognates include Latin musca (“fly (insect)”), Lithuanian mùsė (“fly”), Proto-Slavic *mùxa (“fly”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "mugjō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mugjôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mugjō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "mugjôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "mugjǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mugjōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mugjōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mugjǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mugjōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mugjōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "mugjō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "mugjōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"head_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "West Germanic"
},
"expansion": "(West Germanic)",
"name": "tlb"
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/mugjō",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "mausō"
},
{
"word": "mugjǭ"
},
{
"word": "mują"
},
{
"word": "musō"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-gjō",
"Proto-Germanic ō-stem nouns",
"West Proto-Germanic",
"gem-pro:Dipterans",
"gem-pro:Insects"
],
"glosses": [
"little fly, midge, mosquito"
],
"links": [
[
"little",
"little"
],
[
"fly",
"fly"
],
[
"midge",
"midge"
],
[
"mosquito",
"mosquito"
]
],
"tags": [
"Germanic",
"West",
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers",
"Dybo's law"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈmuɣ.jɔː/"
}
],
"word": "mugjō"
}
Download raw JSONL data for mugjō meaning in Proto-Germanic (4.6kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-05 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-03 using wiktextract (8c1bb29 and fb63907). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.