"merkuz" meaning in Proto-Germanic

See merkuz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈmer.kuz/
Etymology: From earlier *merkwuz, from Proto-Indo-European *(h₂)mer(H)gʷ- (“dark”), cognate to Proto-Slavic *mergъ (“brown”). Orr summarizes arguments for borrowing from common Slavic into common Germanic. In any case, related to Proto-Slavic *morkъ (“darkness”). Etymology templates: {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*mergʷ-|*(h₂)mer(H)gʷ-|t=dark}} Proto-Indo-European *(h₂)mer(H)gʷ- (“dark”), {{cog|sla-pro|*mergъ|t=brown}} Proto-Slavic *mergъ (“brown”), {{cog|sla-pro|*morkъ||darkness}} Proto-Slavic *morkъ (“darkness”) Inflection templates: {{gem-decl-adj-u|merk|mirkw|j=ij}}, {{gem-decl-adj-table2|*merkuz|*mirkwijanǭ|*mirkwijas, -īs|*mirkwijammai|*mirkwijanō|*mirkwijai|*mirkwijanz|*mirkwijaizǫ̂|*mirkwijaimaz|*mirkwijaimiz|*mirkwī|*mirkwijǭ|*mirkwijaizōz|*mirkwijaizōi|*mirkwijaizō|*mirkwijôz|*mirkwijōz|*mirkwijaizǫ̂|*mirkwijaimaz|*mirkwijaimiz|*merkų, -ijatō|*merkų, -ijatō|*mirkwijas, -īs|*mirkwijammai|*mirkwijanō|*mirkwijō|*mirkwijō|*mirkwijaizǫ̂|*mirkwijaimaz|*mirkwijaimiz|*mirkwijô|*mirkwijanų|*mirkwīniz|*mirkwīni|*mirkwīnē|*mirkwijaniz|*mirkwijanunz|*mirkwijanǫ̂|*mirkwijammaz|*mirkwijammiz|*mirkwijǭ|*mirkwijōnų|*mirkwijōniz|*mirkwijōni|*mirkwijōnē|*mirkwijōniz|*mirkwijōnunz|*mirkwijōnǫ̂|*mirkwijōmaz|*mirkwijōmiz|*mirkwijô|*mirkwijô|*mirkwīniz|*mirkwīni|*mirkwīnē|*mirkwijōnō|*mirkwijōnō|*mirkwijanǫ̂|*mirkwijammaz|*mirkwijammiz|title=*merkuz (u-stem)}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], merkuz [masculine, nominative, singular, strong], mirkwijai [masculine, nominative, plural, strong], mirkwī [feminine, nominative, singular, strong], mirkwijôz [feminine, nominative, plural, strong], merkų [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], -ijatō [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], mirkwijō [neuter, nominative, plural, strong], mirkwijanǭ [accusative, masculine, singular, strong], mirkwijanz [accusative, masculine, plural, strong], mirkwijǭ [accusative, feminine, singular, strong], mirkwijōz [accusative, feminine, plural, strong], merkų [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], -ijatō [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], mirkwijō [accusative, neuter, plural, strong], mirkwijas [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], -īs [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], mirkwijaizǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, strong], mirkwijaizōz [feminine, genitive, singular, strong], mirkwijaizǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, strong], mirkwijas [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], -īs [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], mirkwijaizǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, strong], mirkwijammai [dative, masculine, singular, strong], mirkwijaimaz [dative, masculine, plural, strong], mirkwijaizōi [dative, feminine, singular, strong], mirkwijaimaz [dative, feminine, plural, strong], mirkwijammai [dative, neuter, singular, strong], mirkwijaimaz [dative, neuter, plural, strong], mirkwijanō [instrumental, masculine, singular, strong], mirkwijaimiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, strong], mirkwijaizō [feminine, instrumental, singular, strong], mirkwijaimiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, strong], mirkwijanō [instrumental, neuter, singular, strong], mirkwijaimiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, strong], mirkwijô [masculine, nominative, singular, weak], mirkwijaniz [masculine, nominative, plural, weak], mirkwijǭ [feminine, nominative, singular, weak], mirkwijōniz [feminine, nominative, plural, weak], mirkwijô [neuter, nominative, singular, weak], mirkwijōnō [neuter, nominative, plural, weak], mirkwijanų [accusative, masculine, singular, weak], mirkwijanunz [accusative, masculine, plural, weak], mirkwijōnų [accusative, feminine, singular, weak], mirkwijōnunz [accusative, feminine, plural, weak], mirkwijô [accusative, neuter, singular, weak], mirkwijōnō [accusative, neuter, plural, weak], mirkwīniz [genitive, masculine, singular, weak], mirkwijanǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, weak], mirkwijōniz [feminine, genitive, singular, weak], mirkwijōnǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, weak], mirkwīniz [genitive, neuter, singular, weak], mirkwijanǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, weak], mirkwīni [dative, masculine, singular, weak], mirkwijammaz [dative, masculine, plural, weak], mirkwijōni [dative, feminine, singular, weak], mirkwijōmaz [dative, feminine, plural, weak], mirkwīni [dative, neuter, singular, weak], mirkwijammaz [dative, neuter, plural, weak], mirkwīnē [instrumental, masculine, singular, weak], mirkwijammiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, weak], mirkwijōnē [feminine, instrumental, singular, weak], mirkwijōmiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, weak], mirkwīnē [instrumental, neuter, singular, weak], mirkwijammiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, weak]
  1. dark Wikipedia link: Brill Publishers Tags: reconstruction Related terms: merkwą, mirkwijaną, mirkwiz, merkwô
    Sense id: en-merkuz-gem-pro-adj-5rtWib7s Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*mirkwī"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *mirkwī\nOld English: mirce, mierce\nMiddle English: mirke, merke\nScots: mirk, merk, mark\nEnglish: mirk, murk\nOld Saxon: mirki",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *mirkwī\nOld English: mirce, mierce\nMiddle English: mirke, merke\nScots: mirk, merk, mark\nEnglish: mirk, murk\nOld Saxon: mirki"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "myrkr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: myrkr\nIcelandic: myrkur\nFaroese: myrkur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: myrk, mørk\nSwedish: mörk\nDanish: mørk\nNorwegian Bokmål: mørk",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: myrkr\nIcelandic: myrkur\nFaroese: myrkur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: myrk, mørk\nSwedish: mörk\nDanish: mørk\nNorwegian Bokmål: mørk"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "urj-fin-pro",
            "2": "*mürkkü",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "poison",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→? Proto-Finnic: *mürkkü (“poison”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→? Proto-Finnic: *mürkkü (“poison”) (see there for further descendants)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*mergʷ-",
        "4": "*(h₂)mer(H)gʷ-",
        "t": "dark"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(h₂)mer(H)gʷ- (“dark”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*mergъ",
        "t": "brown"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *mergъ (“brown”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*morkъ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "darkness"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *morkъ (“darkness”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From earlier *merkwuz, from Proto-Indo-European *(h₂)mer(H)gʷ- (“dark”), cognate to Proto-Slavic *mergъ (“brown”). Orr summarizes arguments for borrowing from common Slavic into common Germanic. In any case, related to Proto-Slavic *morkъ (“darkness”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-u",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "u-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "merkuz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "merkų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ijatō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "merkų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ijatō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-īs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-īs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwīniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwīniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwīni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwīni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwīnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwīnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "merk",
        "2": "mirkw",
        "j": "ij"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-u"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*merkuz",
        "10": "*mirkwijaimiz",
        "11": "*mirkwī",
        "12": "*mirkwijǭ",
        "13": "*mirkwijaizōz",
        "14": "*mirkwijaizōi",
        "15": "*mirkwijaizō",
        "16": "*mirkwijôz",
        "17": "*mirkwijōz",
        "18": "*mirkwijaizǫ̂",
        "19": "*mirkwijaimaz",
        "2": "*mirkwijanǭ",
        "20": "*mirkwijaimiz",
        "21": "*merkų, -ijatō",
        "22": "*merkų, -ijatō",
        "23": "*mirkwijas, -īs",
        "24": "*mirkwijammai",
        "25": "*mirkwijanō",
        "26": "*mirkwijō",
        "27": "*mirkwijō",
        "28": "*mirkwijaizǫ̂",
        "29": "*mirkwijaimaz",
        "3": "*mirkwijas, -īs",
        "30": "*mirkwijaimiz",
        "31": "*mirkwijô",
        "32": "*mirkwijanų",
        "33": "*mirkwīniz",
        "34": "*mirkwīni",
        "35": "*mirkwīnē",
        "36": "*mirkwijaniz",
        "37": "*mirkwijanunz",
        "38": "*mirkwijanǫ̂",
        "39": "*mirkwijammaz",
        "4": "*mirkwijammai",
        "40": "*mirkwijammiz",
        "41": "*mirkwijǭ",
        "42": "*mirkwijōnų",
        "43": "*mirkwijōniz",
        "44": "*mirkwijōni",
        "45": "*mirkwijōnē",
        "46": "*mirkwijōniz",
        "47": "*mirkwijōnunz",
        "48": "*mirkwijōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*mirkwijōmaz",
        "5": "*mirkwijanō",
        "50": "*mirkwijōmiz",
        "51": "*mirkwijô",
        "52": "*mirkwijô",
        "53": "*mirkwīniz",
        "54": "*mirkwīni",
        "55": "*mirkwīnē",
        "56": "*mirkwijōnō",
        "57": "*mirkwijōnō",
        "58": "*mirkwijanǫ̂",
        "59": "*mirkwijammaz",
        "6": "*mirkwijai",
        "60": "*mirkwijammiz",
        "7": "*mirkwijanz",
        "8": "*mirkwijaizǫ̂",
        "9": "*mirkwijaimaz",
        "title": "*merkuz (u-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/merkuz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "dark"
      ],
      "id": "en-merkuz-gem-pro-adj-5rtWib7s",
      "links": [
        [
          "dark",
          "dark"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "merkwą"
        },
        {
          "word": "mirkwijaną"
        },
        {
          "word": "mirkwiz"
        },
        {
          "word": "merkwô"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈmer.kuz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "merkuz"
}
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*mirkwī"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *mirkwī\nOld English: mirce, mierce\nMiddle English: mirke, merke\nScots: mirk, merk, mark\nEnglish: mirk, murk\nOld Saxon: mirki",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *mirkwī\nOld English: mirce, mierce\nMiddle English: mirke, merke\nScots: mirk, merk, mark\nEnglish: mirk, murk\nOld Saxon: mirki"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "myrkr"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: myrkr\nIcelandic: myrkur\nFaroese: myrkur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: myrk, mørk\nSwedish: mörk\nDanish: mørk\nNorwegian Bokmål: mørk",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: myrkr\nIcelandic: myrkur\nFaroese: myrkur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: myrk, mørk\nSwedish: mörk\nDanish: mørk\nNorwegian Bokmål: mørk"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "urj-fin-pro",
            "2": "*mürkkü",
            "bor": "1",
            "t": "poison",
            "unc": "1"
          },
          "expansion": "→? Proto-Finnic: *mürkkü (“poison”)",
          "name": "desc"
        },
        {
          "args": {},
          "expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
          "name": "see desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "→? Proto-Finnic: *mürkkü (“poison”) (see there for further descendants)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*mergʷ-",
        "4": "*(h₂)mer(H)gʷ-",
        "t": "dark"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(h₂)mer(H)gʷ- (“dark”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*mergъ",
        "t": "brown"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *mergъ (“brown”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*morkъ",
        "3": "",
        "4": "darkness"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *morkъ (“darkness”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From earlier *merkwuz, from Proto-Indo-European *(h₂)mer(H)gʷ- (“dark”), cognate to Proto-Slavic *mergъ (“brown”). Orr summarizes arguments for borrowing from common Slavic into common Germanic. In any case, related to Proto-Slavic *morkъ (“darkness”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-u",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "u-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "merkuz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwī",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "merkų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ijatō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "merkų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-ijatō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-īs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-īs",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwīniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwīniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwīni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwīni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwīnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwīnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "mirkwijammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "merk",
        "2": "mirkw",
        "j": "ij"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-u"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*merkuz",
        "10": "*mirkwijaimiz",
        "11": "*mirkwī",
        "12": "*mirkwijǭ",
        "13": "*mirkwijaizōz",
        "14": "*mirkwijaizōi",
        "15": "*mirkwijaizō",
        "16": "*mirkwijôz",
        "17": "*mirkwijōz",
        "18": "*mirkwijaizǫ̂",
        "19": "*mirkwijaimaz",
        "2": "*mirkwijanǭ",
        "20": "*mirkwijaimiz",
        "21": "*merkų, -ijatō",
        "22": "*merkų, -ijatō",
        "23": "*mirkwijas, -īs",
        "24": "*mirkwijammai",
        "25": "*mirkwijanō",
        "26": "*mirkwijō",
        "27": "*mirkwijō",
        "28": "*mirkwijaizǫ̂",
        "29": "*mirkwijaimaz",
        "3": "*mirkwijas, -īs",
        "30": "*mirkwijaimiz",
        "31": "*mirkwijô",
        "32": "*mirkwijanų",
        "33": "*mirkwīniz",
        "34": "*mirkwīni",
        "35": "*mirkwīnē",
        "36": "*mirkwijaniz",
        "37": "*mirkwijanunz",
        "38": "*mirkwijanǫ̂",
        "39": "*mirkwijammaz",
        "4": "*mirkwijammai",
        "40": "*mirkwijammiz",
        "41": "*mirkwijǭ",
        "42": "*mirkwijōnų",
        "43": "*mirkwijōniz",
        "44": "*mirkwijōni",
        "45": "*mirkwijōnē",
        "46": "*mirkwijōniz",
        "47": "*mirkwijōnunz",
        "48": "*mirkwijōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*mirkwijōmaz",
        "5": "*mirkwijanō",
        "50": "*mirkwijōmiz",
        "51": "*mirkwijô",
        "52": "*mirkwijô",
        "53": "*mirkwīniz",
        "54": "*mirkwīni",
        "55": "*mirkwīnē",
        "56": "*mirkwijōnō",
        "57": "*mirkwijōnō",
        "58": "*mirkwijanǫ̂",
        "59": "*mirkwijammaz",
        "6": "*mirkwijai",
        "60": "*mirkwijammiz",
        "7": "*mirkwijanz",
        "8": "*mirkwijaizǫ̂",
        "9": "*mirkwijaimaz",
        "title": "*merkuz (u-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/merkuz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "merkwą"
    },
    {
      "word": "mirkwijaną"
    },
    {
      "word": "mirkwiz"
    },
    {
      "word": "merkwô"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Germanic adjectives",
        "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Germanic u-stem adjectives"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "dark"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "dark",
          "dark"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈmer.kuz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "merkuz"
}

Download raw JSONL data for merkuz meaning in Proto-Germanic (10.7kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.