"malskaz" meaning in Proto-Germanic

See malskaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈmɑl.skɑz/
Etymology: From earlier *malhskaz, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mel- (“to weaken, soften, crush, grind”), equivalent to *malh- + *-skaz. Cognate with Ancient Greek μαλακός (malakós, “soft, weak”). Etymology templates: {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*(s)mel-||to weaken, soften, crush, grind}} Proto-Indo-European *(s)mel- (“to weaken, soften, crush, grind”), {{suffix|gem-pro|*malh-|*skaz}} *malh- + *-skaz, {{cog|grc|μαλακός||soft, weak}} Ancient Greek μαλακός (malakós, “soft, weak”) Inflection templates: {{gem-decl-adj-a|malsk}}, {{gem-decl-adj-table2|*malskaz|*malskanǭ|*malskas, -is|*malskammai|*malskanō|*malskai|*malskanz|*malskaizǫ̂|*malskaimaz|*malskaimiz|*malskō|*malskǭ|*malskaizōz|*malskaizōi|*malskaizō|*malskôz|*malskōz|*malskaizǫ̂|*malskaimaz|*malskaimiz|*malską, -atō|*malską, -atō|*malskas, -is|*malskammai|*malskanō|*malskō|*malskō|*malskaizǫ̂|*malskaimaz|*malskaimiz|*malskô|*malskanų|*malskiniz|*malskini|*malskinē|*malskaniz|*malskanunz|*malskanǫ̂|*malskammaz|*malskammiz|*malskǭ|*malskōnų|*malskōniz|*malskōni|*malskōnē|*malskōniz|*malskōnunz|*malskōnǫ̂|*malskōmaz|*malskōmiz|*malskô|*malskô|*malskiniz|*malskini|*malskinē|*malskōnō|*malskōnō|*malskanǫ̂|*malskammaz|*malskammiz|title=*malskaz (a-stem)}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], malskaz [masculine, nominative, singular, strong], malskai [masculine, nominative, plural, strong], malskō [feminine, nominative, singular, strong], malskôz [feminine, nominative, plural, strong], malską [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], -atō [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], malskō [neuter, nominative, plural, strong], malskanǭ [accusative, masculine, singular, strong], malskanz [accusative, masculine, plural, strong], malskǭ [accusative, feminine, singular, strong], malskōz [accusative, feminine, plural, strong], malską [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], -atō [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], malskō [accusative, neuter, plural, strong], malskas [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], -is [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], malskaizǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, strong], malskaizōz [feminine, genitive, singular, strong], malskaizǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, strong], malskas [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], -is [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], malskaizǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, strong], malskammai [dative, masculine, singular, strong], malskaimaz [dative, masculine, plural, strong], malskaizōi [dative, feminine, singular, strong], malskaimaz [dative, feminine, plural, strong], malskammai [dative, neuter, singular, strong], malskaimaz [dative, neuter, plural, strong], malskanō [instrumental, masculine, singular, strong], malskaimiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, strong], malskaizō [feminine, instrumental, singular, strong], malskaimiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, strong], malskanō [instrumental, neuter, singular, strong], malskaimiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, strong], malskô [masculine, nominative, singular, weak], malskaniz [masculine, nominative, plural, weak], malskǭ [feminine, nominative, singular, weak], malskōniz [feminine, nominative, plural, weak], malskô [neuter, nominative, singular, weak], malskōnō [neuter, nominative, plural, weak], malskanų [accusative, masculine, singular, weak], malskanunz [accusative, masculine, plural, weak], malskōnų [accusative, feminine, singular, weak], malskōnunz [accusative, feminine, plural, weak], malskô [accusative, neuter, singular, weak], malskōnō [accusative, neuter, plural, weak], malskiniz [genitive, masculine, singular, weak], malskanǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, weak], malskōniz [feminine, genitive, singular, weak], malskōnǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, weak], malskiniz [genitive, neuter, singular, weak], malskanǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, weak], malskini [dative, masculine, singular, weak], malskammaz [dative, masculine, plural, weak], malskōni [dative, feminine, singular, weak], malskōmaz [dative, feminine, plural, weak], malskini [dative, neuter, singular, weak], malskammaz [dative, neuter, plural, weak], malskinē [instrumental, masculine, singular, weak], malskammiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, weak], malskōnē [feminine, instrumental, singular, weak], malskōmiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, weak], malskinē [instrumental, neuter, singular, weak], malskammiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, weak]
  1. soft Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-malskaz-gem-pro-adj-9fRFUo9K
  2. high-spirited; haughty Tags: reconstruction
    Sense id: en-malskaz-gem-pro-adj-cdmD5jpU Categories (other): Pages with 1 entry, Pages with entries, Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header, Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-skaz Disambiguation of Pages with 1 entry: 0 100 Disambiguation of Pages with entries: 0 100 Disambiguation of Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header: 6 94 Disambiguation of Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-skaz: 3 97
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*malsk"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *malsk",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *malsk"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "*malsċ"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: *malsċ",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: *malsċ > *malsċrian; malsċrung"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "malskren"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: malskren",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: malskren, *maskeren, masken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "masker",
            "3": "mask"
          },
          "expansion": "English: masker, mask",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: masker, mask"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "malsk",
            "3": "malsc",
            "t2": "wanton"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: malsk, malsc (“wanton”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: malsk, malsc (“wanton”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "malsch",
            "3": "mals",
            "t2": "arrogant, proud, bold, daring"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: malsch, mals (“arrogant, proud, bold, daring”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: malsch, mals (“arrogant, proud, bold, daring”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*malsc"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *malsc\nMiddle Dutch: malsch\nDutch: mals",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *malsc\nMiddle Dutch: malsch\nDutch: mals"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "*malsk"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: *malsk",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: *malsk > *malscrōn; malscrunc"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "malsch",
            "3": "malz",
            "t2": "bold, daring"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: malsch, malz (“bold, daring”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: malsch, malz (“bold, daring”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "*𐌼𐌰𐌻𐍃𐌺𐍃"
          },
          "expansion": "Gothic: *𐌼𐌰𐌻𐍃𐌺𐍃 (*malsks)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gothic: *𐌼𐌰𐌻𐍃𐌺𐍃 (*malsks); 𐌿𐌽𐍄𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌻𐍃𐌺𐍃 (untilamalsks)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)mel-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to weaken, soften, crush, grind"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)mel- (“to weaken, soften, crush, grind”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*malh-",
        "3": "*skaz"
      },
      "expansion": "*malh- + *-skaz",
      "name": "suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "μαλακός",
        "3": "",
        "4": "soft, weak"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek μαλακός (malakós, “soft, weak”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From earlier *malhskaz, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mel- (“to weaken, soften, crush, grind”), equivalent to *malh- + *-skaz. Cognate with Ancient Greek μαλακός (malakós, “soft, weak”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malską",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malską",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "malsk"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*malskaz",
        "10": "*malskaimiz",
        "11": "*malskō",
        "12": "*malskǭ",
        "13": "*malskaizōz",
        "14": "*malskaizōi",
        "15": "*malskaizō",
        "16": "*malskôz",
        "17": "*malskōz",
        "18": "*malskaizǫ̂",
        "19": "*malskaimaz",
        "2": "*malskanǭ",
        "20": "*malskaimiz",
        "21": "*malską, -atō",
        "22": "*malską, -atō",
        "23": "*malskas, -is",
        "24": "*malskammai",
        "25": "*malskanō",
        "26": "*malskō",
        "27": "*malskō",
        "28": "*malskaizǫ̂",
        "29": "*malskaimaz",
        "3": "*malskas, -is",
        "30": "*malskaimiz",
        "31": "*malskô",
        "32": "*malskanų",
        "33": "*malskiniz",
        "34": "*malskini",
        "35": "*malskinē",
        "36": "*malskaniz",
        "37": "*malskanunz",
        "38": "*malskanǫ̂",
        "39": "*malskammaz",
        "4": "*malskammai",
        "40": "*malskammiz",
        "41": "*malskǭ",
        "42": "*malskōnų",
        "43": "*malskōniz",
        "44": "*malskōni",
        "45": "*malskōnē",
        "46": "*malskōniz",
        "47": "*malskōnunz",
        "48": "*malskōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*malskōmaz",
        "5": "*malskanō",
        "50": "*malskōmiz",
        "51": "*malskô",
        "52": "*malskô",
        "53": "*malskiniz",
        "54": "*malskini",
        "55": "*malskinē",
        "56": "*malskōnō",
        "57": "*malskōnō",
        "58": "*malskanǫ̂",
        "59": "*malskammaz",
        "6": "*malskai",
        "60": "*malskammiz",
        "7": "*malskanz",
        "8": "*malskaizǫ̂",
        "9": "*malskaimaz",
        "title": "*malskaz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/malskaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "soft"
      ],
      "id": "en-malskaz-gem-pro-adj-9fRFUo9K",
      "links": [
        [
          "soft",
          "soft"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "_dis": "0 100",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "0 100",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "6 94",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        },
        {
          "_dis": "3 97",
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-skaz",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w+disamb"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "high-spirited; haughty"
      ],
      "id": "en-malskaz-gem-pro-adj-cdmD5jpU",
      "links": [
        [
          "high-spirited",
          "high-spirited"
        ],
        [
          "haughty",
          "haughty"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈmɑl.skɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "malskaz"
}
{
  "categories": [
    "Pages with 1 entry",
    "Pages with entries",
    "Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
    "Proto-Germanic adjectives",
    "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
    "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
    "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
    "Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-skaz"
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*malsk"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *malsk",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *malsk"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ang",
            "2": "*malsċ"
          },
          "expansion": "Old English: *malsċ",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old English: *malsċ > *malsċrian; malsċrung"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "enm",
            "2": "malskren"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle English: malskren",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle English: malskren, *maskeren, masken"
    },
    {
      "depth": 4,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "en",
            "2": "masker",
            "3": "mask"
          },
          "expansion": "English: masker, mask",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "English: masker, mask"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "osx",
            "2": "malsk",
            "3": "malsc",
            "t2": "wanton"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Saxon: malsk, malsc (“wanton”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Saxon: malsk, malsc (“wanton”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gml",
            "2": "malsch",
            "3": "mals",
            "t2": "arrogant, proud, bold, daring"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Low German: malsch, mals (“arrogant, proud, bold, daring”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Low German: malsch, mals (“arrogant, proud, bold, daring”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "odt",
            "2": "*malsc"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Dutch: *malsc\nMiddle Dutch: malsch\nDutch: mals",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Dutch: *malsc\nMiddle Dutch: malsch\nDutch: mals"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "goh",
            "2": "*malsk"
          },
          "expansion": "Old High German: *malsk",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old High German: *malsk > *malscrōn; malscrunc"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "malsch",
            "3": "malz",
            "t2": "bold, daring"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: malsch, malz (“bold, daring”)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: malsch, malz (“bold, daring”)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "*𐌼𐌰𐌻𐍃𐌺𐍃"
          },
          "expansion": "Gothic: *𐌼𐌰𐌻𐍃𐌺𐍃 (*malsks)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gothic: *𐌼𐌰𐌻𐍃𐌺𐍃 (*malsks); 𐌿𐌽𐍄𐌹𐌻𐌰𐌼𐌰𐌻𐍃𐌺𐍃 (untilamalsks)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*(s)mel-",
        "4": "",
        "5": "to weaken, soften, crush, grind"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *(s)mel- (“to weaken, soften, crush, grind”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*malh-",
        "3": "*skaz"
      },
      "expansion": "*malh- + *-skaz",
      "name": "suffix"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "μαλακός",
        "3": "",
        "4": "soft, weak"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek μαλακός (malakós, “soft, weak”)",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From earlier *malhskaz, from Proto-Indo-European *(s)mel- (“to weaken, soften, crush, grind”), equivalent to *malh- + *-skaz. Cognate with Ancient Greek μαλακός (malakós, “soft, weak”).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-adj-a",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malską",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malską",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "malskammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "malsk"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-a"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "*malskaz",
        "10": "*malskaimiz",
        "11": "*malskō",
        "12": "*malskǭ",
        "13": "*malskaizōz",
        "14": "*malskaizōi",
        "15": "*malskaizō",
        "16": "*malskôz",
        "17": "*malskōz",
        "18": "*malskaizǫ̂",
        "19": "*malskaimaz",
        "2": "*malskanǭ",
        "20": "*malskaimiz",
        "21": "*malską, -atō",
        "22": "*malską, -atō",
        "23": "*malskas, -is",
        "24": "*malskammai",
        "25": "*malskanō",
        "26": "*malskō",
        "27": "*malskō",
        "28": "*malskaizǫ̂",
        "29": "*malskaimaz",
        "3": "*malskas, -is",
        "30": "*malskaimiz",
        "31": "*malskô",
        "32": "*malskanų",
        "33": "*malskiniz",
        "34": "*malskini",
        "35": "*malskinē",
        "36": "*malskaniz",
        "37": "*malskanunz",
        "38": "*malskanǫ̂",
        "39": "*malskammaz",
        "4": "*malskammai",
        "40": "*malskammiz",
        "41": "*malskǭ",
        "42": "*malskōnų",
        "43": "*malskōniz",
        "44": "*malskōni",
        "45": "*malskōnē",
        "46": "*malskōniz",
        "47": "*malskōnunz",
        "48": "*malskōnǫ̂",
        "49": "*malskōmaz",
        "5": "*malskanō",
        "50": "*malskōmiz",
        "51": "*malskô",
        "52": "*malskô",
        "53": "*malskiniz",
        "54": "*malskini",
        "55": "*malskinē",
        "56": "*malskōnō",
        "57": "*malskōnō",
        "58": "*malskanǫ̂",
        "59": "*malskammaz",
        "6": "*malskai",
        "60": "*malskammiz",
        "7": "*malskanz",
        "8": "*malskaizǫ̂",
        "9": "*malskaimaz",
        "title": "*malskaz (a-stem)"
      },
      "name": "gem-decl-adj-table2"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/malskaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "glosses": [
        "soft"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "soft",
          "soft"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    },
    {
      "glosses": [
        "high-spirited; haughty"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "high-spirited",
          "high-spirited"
        ],
        [
          "haughty",
          "haughty"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈmɑl.skɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "malskaz"
}

Download raw JSONL data for malskaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (11.5kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.