See lukkaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*lokk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *lokk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *lokk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "locc",
"3": "loc"
},
"expansion": "Old English: locc, loc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: locc, loc"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "lok",
"3": "lokke"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: lok, lokke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: lok, lokke"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lock"
},
"expansion": "English: lock",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: lock"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "lok"
},
"expansion": "Scots: lok",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: lok"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "lokk",
"3": "lok"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: lokk, lok",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: lokk, lok"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "lok",
"3": "lokke"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: lok, lokke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: lok, lokke"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "lokk",
"3": "lok"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: lokk, lok",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: lokk, lok"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "locke"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: locke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: locke"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Locke",
"3": "Lock"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Locke, Lock",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Locke, Lock"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frk",
"2": "*lokk"
},
"expansion": "Frankish: *lokk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Frankish: *lokk"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "lock"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: lock",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: lock"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "loc",
"3": "locke"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: loc, locke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: loc, locke"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "lok"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: lok",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: lok"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "lok",
"3": "loc",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old French: lok, loc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old French: lok, loc"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "loque"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: loque",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "influenced by Middle Dutch"
},
"expansion": "(influenced by Middle Dutch)",
"name": "i"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: loque (influenced by Middle Dutch)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "loque"
},
"expansion": "French: loque",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: loque"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "lok",
"3": "loc"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: lok, loc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: lok, loc"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "loc"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: loc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: loc"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Alemannic German:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italian Walser: lokha"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Locke"
},
"expansion": "German: Locke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Locke"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "lokkr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: lokkr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: lokkr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "lokkur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: lokkur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: lokkur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "lokkur"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: lokkur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: lokkur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "lokk"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: lokk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: lokk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "lock"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: lock",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: lock"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "lok"
},
"expansion": "Danish: lok",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: lok"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*lugnós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lugnós",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*lewg-",
"3": "*-nós",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "to bend"
},
"expansion": "*lewg- (“to bend”) + *-nós",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *lugnós, from *lewg- (“to bend”) + *-nós. Synchronically analyzed as an a-stem nominal formation from *lūkaną (“to close, shut”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "lukkaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lukkōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lukkōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lukk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lukkōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lukkōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lukką",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lukkanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lukkas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lukkis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lukkǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lukkai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lukkamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lukkō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lukkamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lukkaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"lock (of hair)"
],
"id": "en-lukkaz-gem-pro-noun-tnLG1W-2",
"links": [
[
"lock",
"lock"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "50 50",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "43 57",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "30 70",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"curl"
],
"id": "en-lukkaz-gem-pro-noun-Qn5LebHw",
"links": [
[
"curl",
"curl"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈluk.kɑz/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "lukkaz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*lokk"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *lokk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *lokk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ang",
"2": "locc",
"3": "loc"
},
"expansion": "Old English: locc, loc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old English: locc, loc"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "lok",
"3": "lokke"
},
"expansion": "Middle English: lok, lokke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle English: lok, lokke"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "lock"
},
"expansion": "English: lock",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "English: lock"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "lok"
},
"expansion": "Scots: lok",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Scots: lok"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "lokk",
"3": "lok"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: lokk, lok",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: lokk, lok"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "lok",
"3": "lokke"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: lok, lokke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: lok, lokke"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "lokk",
"3": "lok"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: lokk, lok",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: lokk, lok"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "locke"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: locke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: locke"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Locke",
"3": "Lock"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Locke, Lock",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Locke, Lock"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frk",
"2": "*lokk"
},
"expansion": "Frankish: *lokk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Frankish: *lokk"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "lock"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: lock",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: lock"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "loc",
"3": "locke"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: loc, locke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: loc, locke"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "lok"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: lok",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: lok"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fro",
"2": "lok",
"3": "loc",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Old French: lok, loc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Old French: lok, loc"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "frm",
"2": "loque"
},
"expansion": "Middle French: loque",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "influenced by Middle Dutch"
},
"expansion": "(influenced by Middle Dutch)",
"name": "i"
}
],
"text": "Middle French: loque (influenced by Middle Dutch)"
},
{
"depth": 5,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fr",
"2": "loque"
},
"expansion": "French: loque",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "French: loque"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "lok",
"3": "loc"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: lok, loc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: lok, loc"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "loc"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: loc",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: loc"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gsw",
"2": "-"
},
"expansion": "Alemannic German:",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Alemannic German:"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [],
"text": "Italian Walser: lokha"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Locke"
},
"expansion": "German: Locke",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Locke"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "lokkr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: lokkr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: lokkr"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "lokkur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: lokkur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: lokkur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "lokkur"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: lokkur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: lokkur"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "no",
"2": "lokk"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian: lokk",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Norwegian: lokk"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "lock"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: lock",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: lock"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "lok"
},
"expansion": "Danish: lok",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: lok"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*lugnós"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lugnós",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "ine-pro",
"2": "*lewg-",
"3": "*-nós",
"nocat": "1",
"t1": "to bend"
},
"expansion": "*lewg- (“to bend”) + *-nós",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *lugnós, from *lewg- (“to bend”) + *-nós. Synchronically analyzed as an a-stem nominal formation from *lūkaną (“to close, shut”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "lukkaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lukkōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lukkōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lukk",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lukkōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lukkōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "lukką",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lukkanz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lukkas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lukkis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lukkǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lukkai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lukkamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "lukkō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "lukkamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lukkaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"lock (of hair)"
],
"links": [
[
"lock",
"lock"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"curl"
],
"links": [
[
"curl",
"curl"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈluk.kɑz/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
],
"word": "lukkaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for lukkaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (6.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-20 using wiktextract (813e02a and ea19a0a). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.