See listiz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*listi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *listi\nOld English: list\nMiddle English: liste\nEnglish: list\nScots: list\nOld Frisian: list, lest\nSaterland Frisian: List\nWest Frisian: list\nOld Saxon: list\nMiddle Low German: list\nGerman Low German: List\nLow German: list\nOld Dutch: list\nMiddle Dutch: list\nDutch: list\nOld High German: list\nMiddle High German: list\nGerman: List",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *listi\nOld English: list\nMiddle English: liste\nEnglish: list\nScots: list\nOld Frisian: list, lest\nSaterland Frisian: List\nWest Frisian: list\nOld Saxon: list\nMiddle Low German: list\nGerman Low German: List\nLow German: list\nOld Dutch: list\nMiddle Dutch: list\nDutch: list\nOld High German: list\nMiddle High German: list\nGerman: List"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "list"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: list",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: list"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "list"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: list",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: list"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "list"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: list",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: list"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "list"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: list",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: list"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "list"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: list",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: list"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "list"
},
"expansion": "Danish: list",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: list"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌻𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌻𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃 (lists)\n→ Proto-Slavic: *lь̏stь (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌻𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃 (lists)\n→ Proto-Slavic: *lь̏stь (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*listus",
"bor": "1",
"der": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→⇒? Vulgar Latin: *listus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→⇒? Vulgar Latin: *listus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "llest"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: llest",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: llest"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "listo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: listo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: listo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "lesto"
},
"expansion": "Italian: lesto",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: lesto"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mt",
"2": "lest",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Maltese: lest",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Maltese: lest"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "lesto"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: lesto",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: lesto"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*leys-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*leys-",
"t": "track, furrow, trail, trace"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *leys- (“track, furrow, trail, trace”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*lizaną",
"3": "*þiz"
},
"expansion": "*lizaną + *-þiz",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*liʀnōn",
"t": "to learn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *liʀnōn (“to learn”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably formed from the root of *lizaną (“to know, understand”), from Proto-Indo-European *leys- (“track, furrow, trail, trace”), equivalent to *lizaną + *-þiz. Compare also Proto-West Germanic *liʀnōn (“to learn”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "listiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "listīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "listi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "listīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "listį",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "listinz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "listīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "listijǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "listī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "listimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "listī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "listimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/listiz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"art, craft"
],
"id": "en-listiz-gem-pro-noun-hPk2i8gQ",
"links": [
[
"art",
"art"
],
[
"craft",
"craft"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "23 77",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "10 90",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "7 93",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "4 96",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-þiz",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"cunning, guile"
],
"id": "en-listiz-gem-pro-noun-x7UTntPo",
"links": [
[
"cunning",
"cunning"
],
[
"guile",
"guile"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlis.tiz/"
}
],
"word": "listiz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic i-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *leys-",
"Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-þiz"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*listi"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *listi\nOld English: list\nMiddle English: liste\nEnglish: list\nScots: list\nOld Frisian: list, lest\nSaterland Frisian: List\nWest Frisian: list\nOld Saxon: list\nMiddle Low German: list\nGerman Low German: List\nLow German: list\nOld Dutch: list\nMiddle Dutch: list\nDutch: list\nOld High German: list\nMiddle High German: list\nGerman: List",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *listi\nOld English: list\nMiddle English: liste\nEnglish: list\nScots: list\nOld Frisian: list, lest\nSaterland Frisian: List\nWest Frisian: list\nOld Saxon: list\nMiddle Low German: list\nGerman Low German: List\nLow German: list\nOld Dutch: list\nMiddle Dutch: list\nDutch: list\nOld High German: list\nMiddle High German: list\nGerman: List"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "list"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: list",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: list"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "list"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: list",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Icelandic: list"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "list"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: list",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Faroese: list"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "list"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: list",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: list"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "list"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: list",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: list"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "list"
},
"expansion": "Danish: list",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: list"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌻𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌻𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃 (lists)\n→ Proto-Slavic: *lь̏stь (see there for further descendants)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌻𐌹𐍃𐍄𐍃 (lists)\n→ Proto-Slavic: *lь̏stь (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "VL.",
"2": "*listus",
"bor": "1",
"der": "1",
"unc": "1"
},
"expansion": "→⇒? Vulgar Latin: *listus",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→⇒? Vulgar Latin: *listus"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ca",
"2": "llest"
},
"expansion": "Catalan: llest",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Catalan: llest"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "es",
"2": "listo"
},
"expansion": "Spanish: listo",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Spanish: listo"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "it",
"2": "lesto"
},
"expansion": "Italian: lesto",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Italian: lesto"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "mt",
"2": "lest",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Maltese: lest",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Maltese: lest"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "pt",
"2": "lesto"
},
"expansion": "Portuguese: lesto",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Portuguese: lesto"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*leys-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*leys-",
"t": "track, furrow, trail, trace"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *leys- (“track, furrow, trail, trace”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*lizaną",
"3": "*þiz"
},
"expansion": "*lizaną + *-þiz",
"name": "suffix"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*liʀnōn",
"t": "to learn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic *liʀnōn (“to learn”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably formed from the root of *lizaną (“to know, understand”), from Proto-Indo-European *leys- (“track, furrow, trail, trace”), equivalent to *lizaną + *-þiz. Compare also Proto-West Germanic *liʀnōn (“to learn”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "i-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "listiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "listīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "listi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "listīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "listį",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "listinz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "listīz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "listijǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "listī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "listimaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "listī",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "listimiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/listiz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"art, craft"
],
"links": [
[
"art",
"art"
],
[
"craft",
"craft"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"cunning, guile"
],
"links": [
[
"cunning",
"cunning"
],
[
"guile",
"guile"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈlis.tiz/"
}
],
"word": "listiz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for listiz meaning in Proto-Germanic (5.7kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (fbeafe8 and 7f03c9b). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.