"leubaz" meaning in Proto-Germanic

See leubaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary

Adjective

IPA: /ˈleu̯.βɑz/
Etymology: From Proto-Indo-European *lewbʰós (“beloved”), from *lewbʰ- (“to desire, love”). Given the existence of a cognate in Proto-Slavic *ľubъ, this adjective is one of the oldest of the e-grade *-az adjectives. Etymology templates: {{root|gem-pro|ine-pro|*lewbʰ-|id=love}}, {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*lewbʰós|t=beloved}} Proto-Indo-European *lewbʰós (“beloved”), {{cog|sla-pro|*ľubъ}} Proto-Slavic *ľubъ, {{af|gem-pro|*-az|id1=e-grade}} *-az Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], leubaz [masculine, nominative, singular, strong], leubō [feminine, nominative, singular, strong], leubą [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], -atō [neuter, nominative, singular, strong], leubai [masculine, nominative, plural, strong], leubôz [feminine, nominative, plural, strong], leubō [neuter, nominative, plural, strong], leubanǭ [accusative, masculine, singular, strong], leubǭ [accusative, feminine, singular, strong], leubą [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], -atō [accusative, neuter, singular, strong], leubanz [accusative, masculine, plural, strong], leubōz [accusative, feminine, plural, strong], leubō [accusative, neuter, plural, strong], leubas [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], -is [genitive, masculine, singular, strong], leubaizōz [feminine, genitive, singular, strong], leubas [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], -is [genitive, neuter, singular, strong], leubaizǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, strong], leubaizǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, strong], leubaizǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, strong], leubammai [dative, masculine, singular, strong], leubaizōi [dative, feminine, singular, strong], leubammai [dative, neuter, singular, strong], leubaimaz [dative, masculine, plural, strong], leubaimaz [dative, feminine, plural, strong], leubaimaz [dative, neuter, plural, strong], leubanō [instrumental, masculine, singular, strong], leubaizō [feminine, instrumental, singular, strong], leubanō [instrumental, neuter, singular, strong], leubaimiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, strong], leubaimiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, strong], leubaimiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, strong], leubô [masculine, nominative, singular, weak], leubǭ [feminine, nominative, singular, weak], leubô [neuter, nominative, singular, weak], leubaniz [masculine, nominative, plural, weak], leubōniz [feminine, nominative, plural, weak], leubōnō [neuter, nominative, plural, weak], leubanų [accusative, masculine, singular, weak], leubōnų [accusative, feminine, singular, weak], leubô [accusative, neuter, singular, weak], leubanunz [accusative, masculine, plural, weak], leubōnunz [accusative, feminine, plural, weak], leubōnō [accusative, neuter, plural, weak], leubiniz [genitive, masculine, singular, weak], leubōniz [feminine, genitive, singular, weak], leubiniz [genitive, neuter, singular, weak], leubanǫ̂ [genitive, masculine, plural, weak], leubōnǫ̂ [feminine, genitive, plural, weak], leubanǫ̂ [genitive, neuter, plural, weak], leubini [dative, masculine, singular, weak], leubōni [dative, feminine, singular, weak], leubini [dative, neuter, singular, weak], leubammaz [dative, masculine, plural, weak], leubōmaz [dative, feminine, plural, weak], leubammaz [dative, neuter, plural, weak], leubinē [instrumental, masculine, singular, weak], leubōnē [feminine, instrumental, singular, weak], leubinē [instrumental, neuter, singular, weak], leubammiz [instrumental, masculine, plural, weak], leubōmiz [feminine, instrumental, plural, weak], leubammiz [instrumental, neuter, plural, weak]
  1. dear, beloved Wikipedia link: Brill Publishers Tags: reconstruction Derived forms: leubalīkaz, liubiþō Related terms: laubijaną, leubą, leubō, leubô, liubijaną, lubō
{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*leub"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *leub\nOld English: lēof, leaf, līof\nMiddle English: lef, leve, lefe, leffe, life, live, luf (Southern or West Midlands)\nEnglish: lief; ⇒ livelong\nScots: lief, lee\n⇒ Yola: liveer\nOld Frisian: liāf, liēf\nSaterland Frisian: ljoof, ljo\nWest Frisian: leaf\nOld Saxon: liof\nMiddle Low German: lief, lêf\nLow German: lief\nGerman Low German: leev, liev\nPlautdietsch: leef\nOld Dutch: lief\nMiddle Dutch: lief\nDutch: lief\nLimburgish: leef\nOld High German: liob, liub, liup; *liof, lief (northern)\nMiddle High German: liep; lief (north-western)\nAlemannic German: lieb\nBavarian: liab\nCentral Franconian: leev, liev\nEast Central German: lieb\nGerman: lieb\nLuxembourgish: léif\nYiddish: ליב (lib)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *leub\nOld English: lēof, leaf, līof\nMiddle English: lef, leve, lefe, leffe, life, live, luf (Southern or West Midlands)\nEnglish: lief; ⇒ livelong\nScots: lief, lee\n⇒ Yola: liveer\nOld Frisian: liāf, liēf\nSaterland Frisian: ljoof, ljo\nWest Frisian: leaf\nOld Saxon: liof\nMiddle Low German: lief, lêf\nLow German: lief\nGerman Low German: leev, liev\nPlautdietsch: leef\nOld Dutch: lief\nMiddle Dutch: lief\nDutch: lief\nLimburgish: leef\nOld High German: liob, liub, liup; *liof, lief (northern)\nMiddle High German: liep; lief (north-western)\nAlemannic German: lieb\nBavarian: liab\nCentral Franconian: leev, liev\nEast Central German: lieb\nGerman: lieb\nLuxembourgish: léif\nYiddish: ליב (lib)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-pro",
            "2": "ᛚᛖᚢᛒᚨᛉ"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Norse: ᛚᛖᚢᛒᚨᛉ (leubaʀ)\nOld Norse: ljúfr\nIcelandic: ljúfur\nFaroese: ljúvur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: ljuv\nOld Swedish: liūver, liufwer\nSwedish: ljuv, ljuf (pre-1906 spelling)\nOld Danish: ljuv",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Norse: ᛚᛖᚢᛒᚨᛉ (leubaʀ)\nOld Norse: ljúfr\nIcelandic: ljúfur\nFaroese: ljúvur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: ljuv\nOld Swedish: liūver, liufwer\nSwedish: ljuv, ljuf (pre-1906 spelling)\nOld Danish: ljuv"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "𐌻𐌹𐌿𐍆𐍃"
          },
          "expansion": "Gothic: 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐍆𐍃 (liufs)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gothic: 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐍆𐍃 (liufs)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*lewbʰ-",
        "id": "love"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*lewbʰós",
        "t": "beloved"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lewbʰós (“beloved”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*ľubъ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *ľubъ",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*-az",
        "id1": "e-grade"
      },
      "expansion": "*-az",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *lewbʰós (“beloved”), from *lewbʰ- (“to desire, love”). Given the existence of a cognate in Proto-Slavic *ľubъ, this adjective is one of the oldest of the e-grade *-az adjectives.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/leubaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-az (e-grade)",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "derived": [
        {
          "word": "leubalīkaz"
        },
        {
          "word": "liubiþō"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "dear, beloved"
      ],
      "id": "en-leubaz-gem-pro-adj-yAqM9Hv9",
      "links": [
        [
          "dear",
          "dear"
        ],
        [
          "beloved",
          "beloved"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "word": "laubijaną"
        },
        {
          "word": "leubą"
        },
        {
          "word": "leubō"
        },
        {
          "word": "leubô"
        },
        {
          "word": "liubijaną"
        },
        {
          "word": "lubō"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈleu̯.βɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "leubaz"
}
{
  "derived": [
    {
      "word": "leubalīkaz"
    },
    {
      "word": "liubiþō"
    }
  ],
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*leub"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *leub\nOld English: lēof, leaf, līof\nMiddle English: lef, leve, lefe, leffe, life, live, luf (Southern or West Midlands)\nEnglish: lief; ⇒ livelong\nScots: lief, lee\n⇒ Yola: liveer\nOld Frisian: liāf, liēf\nSaterland Frisian: ljoof, ljo\nWest Frisian: leaf\nOld Saxon: liof\nMiddle Low German: lief, lêf\nLow German: lief\nGerman Low German: leev, liev\nPlautdietsch: leef\nOld Dutch: lief\nMiddle Dutch: lief\nDutch: lief\nLimburgish: leef\nOld High German: liob, liub, liup; *liof, lief (northern)\nMiddle High German: liep; lief (north-western)\nAlemannic German: lieb\nBavarian: liab\nCentral Franconian: leev, liev\nEast Central German: lieb\nGerman: lieb\nLuxembourgish: léif\nYiddish: ליב (lib)",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *leub\nOld English: lēof, leaf, līof\nMiddle English: lef, leve, lefe, leffe, life, live, luf (Southern or West Midlands)\nEnglish: lief; ⇒ livelong\nScots: lief, lee\n⇒ Yola: liveer\nOld Frisian: liāf, liēf\nSaterland Frisian: ljoof, ljo\nWest Frisian: leaf\nOld Saxon: liof\nMiddle Low German: lief, lêf\nLow German: lief\nGerman Low German: leev, liev\nPlautdietsch: leef\nOld Dutch: lief\nMiddle Dutch: lief\nDutch: lief\nLimburgish: leef\nOld High German: liob, liub, liup; *liof, lief (northern)\nMiddle High German: liep; lief (north-western)\nAlemannic German: lieb\nBavarian: liab\nCentral Franconian: leev, liev\nEast Central German: lieb\nGerman: lieb\nLuxembourgish: léif\nYiddish: ליב (lib)"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmq-pro",
            "2": "ᛚᛖᚢᛒᚨᛉ"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-Norse: ᛚᛖᚢᛒᚨᛉ (leubaʀ)\nOld Norse: ljúfr\nIcelandic: ljúfur\nFaroese: ljúvur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: ljuv\nOld Swedish: liūver, liufwer\nSwedish: ljuv, ljuf (pre-1906 spelling)\nOld Danish: ljuv",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-Norse: ᛚᛖᚢᛒᚨᛉ (leubaʀ)\nOld Norse: ljúfr\nIcelandic: ljúfur\nFaroese: ljúvur\nNorwegian Nynorsk: ljuv\nOld Swedish: liūver, liufwer\nSwedish: ljuv, ljuf (pre-1906 spelling)\nOld Danish: ljuv"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "got",
            "2": "𐌻𐌹𐌿𐍆𐍃"
          },
          "expansion": "Gothic: 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐍆𐍃 (liufs)",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Gothic: 𐌻𐌹𐌿𐍆𐍃 (liufs)"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*lewbʰ-",
        "id": "love"
      },
      "expansion": "",
      "name": "root"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*lewbʰós",
        "t": "beloved"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *lewbʰós (“beloved”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "sla-pro",
        "2": "*ľubъ"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Slavic *ľubъ",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*-az",
        "id1": "e-grade"
      },
      "expansion": "*-az",
      "name": "af"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *lewbʰós (“beloved”), from *lewbʰ- (“to desire, love”). Given the existence of a cognate in Proto-Slavic *ľubъ, this adjective is one of the oldest of the e-grade *-az adjectives.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubôz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubanǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-atō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubanz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubaizōz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "-is",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubaizǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubaizōi",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubammai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubaimaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubaizō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubanō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubaimiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "strong"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubǭ",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubaniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "masculine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "nominative",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubanų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubōnų",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubô",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubanunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubōnunz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubōnō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubōniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubiniz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubōnǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "genitive",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubanǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubōni",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubini",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubōmaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "feminine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubammaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubōnē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubinē",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "singular",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "masculine",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubōmiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "feminine",
        "instrumental",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "leubammiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "neuter",
        "plural",
        "weak"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/leubaz",
  "pos": "adj",
  "related": [
    {
      "word": "laubijaną"
    },
    {
      "word": "leubą"
    },
    {
      "word": "leubō"
    },
    {
      "word": "leubô"
    },
    {
      "word": "liubijaną"
    },
    {
      "word": "lubō"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Germanic a-stem adjectives",
        "Proto-Germanic adjectives",
        "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *lewbʰ- (love)",
        "Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-az (e-grade)"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "dear, beloved"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "dear",
          "dear"
        ],
        [
          "beloved",
          "beloved"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈleu̯.βɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "leubaz"
}

Download raw JSONL data for leubaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (10.3kB)


This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-04-24 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-04-20 using wiktextract (813e02a and ea19a0a). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.