lēþą in Proto-Germanic

IPA: /ˈlɛː.θɑ̃/ [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: Disputed. Suggested as cognate with Ancient Greek λάτρον (látron, “payment”) and Latin latrō (“mercenary”), from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂t- (“to grant; to possess”), but the vowel correspondences are irregular. Perhaps alternatively from *leh₁-t-, extended from *leh₁- (“to let”) (whence also Proto-Germanic *lētaną, from a different extension *leh₁-d-). Beekes rejects an Indo-European etymology entirely and considers the purported Greek cognate to be from Pre-Greek, whereas the Latin is borrowed from Greek. Etymology templates: {{unk|gem-pro|Disputed}} Disputed, {{cog|grc|λάτρον|t=payment}} Ancient Greek λάτρον (látron, “payment”), {{cog|la|latrō|t=mercenary}} Latin latrō (“mercenary”), {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*leh₂t-|t=to grant; to possess}} Proto-Indo-European *leh₂t- (“to grant; to possess”), {{m+|gem-pro|*lētaną}} Proto-Germanic *lētaną, {{cog|qsb-grc|-}} Pre-Greek Inflection templates: {{gem-decl-noun}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], lēþą [nominative, singular], lēþō [nominative, plural], lēþą [singular, vocative], lēþō [plural, vocative], lēþą [accusative, singular], lēþō [accusative, plural], lēþas [genitive, singular], lēþis [genitive, singular], lēþǫ̂ [genitive, plural], lēþai [dative, singular], lēþamaz [dative, plural], lēþō [instrumental, singular], lēþamiz [instrumental, plural]

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{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*lāþ"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *lāþ\nOld English: lǣþ\nMiddle English: leð, ledh, *lath, leth\nEnglish: lathe",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *lāþ\nOld English: lǣþ\nMiddle English: leð, ledh, *lath, leth\nEnglish: lathe"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "láð"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: láð",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: láð"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "láð"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: láð",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: láð"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "Disputed"
      },
      "expansion": "Disputed",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "λάτρον",
        "t": "payment"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek λάτρον (látron, “payment”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "latrō",
        "t": "mercenary"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin latrō (“mercenary”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*leh₂t-",
        "t": "to grant; to possess"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *leh₂t- (“to grant; to possess”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*lētaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *lētaną",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "qsb-grc",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Pre-Greek",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Disputed. Suggested as cognate with Ancient Greek λάτρον (látron, “payment”) and Latin latrō (“mercenary”), from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂t- (“to grant; to possess”), but the vowel correspondences are irregular. Perhaps alternatively from *leh₁-t-, extended from *leh₁- (“to let”) (whence also Proto-Germanic *lētaną, from a different extension *leh₁-d-).\nBeekes rejects an Indo-European etymology entirely and considers the purported Greek cognate to be from Pre-Greek, whereas the Latin is borrowed from Greek.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lēþą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lēþō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lēþą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lēþō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lēþą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lēþō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lēþas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lēþis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lēþǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lēþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lēþamaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lēþō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lēþamiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gem-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lēþą",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "possession, ownership"
      ],
      "id": "en-lēþą-gem-pro-noun-G7bqzfe9",
      "links": [
        [
          "possession",
          "possession"
        ],
        [
          "ownership",
          "ownership"
        ]
      ],
      "related": [
        {
          "sense": "*lēdaz",
          "word": "⇒ *unlēdaz"
        }
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈlɛː.θɑ̃/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "lēþą"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmw-pro",
            "2": "*lāþ"
          },
          "expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *lāþ\nOld English: lǣþ\nMiddle English: leð, ledh, *lath, leth\nEnglish: lathe",
          "name": "desctree"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Proto-West Germanic: *lāþ\nOld English: lǣþ\nMiddle English: leð, ledh, *lath, leth\nEnglish: lathe"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "non",
            "2": "láð"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Norse: láð",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Norse: láð"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "is",
            "2": "láð"
          },
          "expansion": "Icelandic: láð",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Icelandic: láð"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "Disputed"
      },
      "expansion": "Disputed",
      "name": "unk"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "λάτρον",
        "t": "payment"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek λάτρον (látron, “payment”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "la",
        "2": "latrō",
        "t": "mercenary"
      },
      "expansion": "Latin latrō (“mercenary”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*leh₂t-",
        "t": "to grant; to possess"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *leh₂t- (“to grant; to possess”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "*lētaną"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Germanic *lētaną",
      "name": "m+"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "qsb-grc",
        "2": "-"
      },
      "expansion": "Pre-Greek",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "Disputed. Suggested as cognate with Ancient Greek λάτρον (látron, “payment”) and Latin latrō (“mercenary”), from Proto-Indo-European *leh₂t- (“to grant; to possess”), but the vowel correspondences are irregular. Perhaps alternatively from *leh₁-t-, extended from *leh₁- (“to let”) (whence also Proto-Germanic *lētaną, from a different extension *leh₁-d-).\nBeekes rejects an Indo-European etymology entirely and considers the purported Greek cognate to be from Pre-Greek, whereas the Latin is borrowed from Greek.",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-noun",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lēþą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lēþō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lēþą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lēþō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lēþą",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lēþō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lēþas",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lēþis",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lēþǫ̂",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lēþai",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lēþamaz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lēþō",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "lēþamiz",
      "source": "inflection",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gem-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/lēþą",
  "pos": "noun",
  "related": [
    {
      "sense": "*lēdaz",
      "word": "⇒ *unlēdaz"
    }
  ],
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
        "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-Germanic neuter nouns",
        "Proto-Germanic nouns",
        "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation",
        "Proto-Germanic terms with unknown etymologies"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "possession, ownership"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "possession",
          "possession"
        ],
        [
          "ownership",
          "ownership"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "neuter",
        "reconstruction"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈlɛː.θɑ̃/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "lēþą"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (0f7b3ac and b863ecc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"lēþą" meaning in Proto-Germanic

Noun