See kwastuz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*kwast"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *kwast",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *kwast"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Kwast"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Kwast",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Kwast"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "kwast"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: kwast",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: kwast"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*kwast"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *kwast",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *kwast"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "quast",
"3": "quest"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: quast, quest",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: quast, quest"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Quast"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Quast",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Quast"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*kwast"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *kwast",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *kwast"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "quast"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: quast",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: quast"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kwast"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: kwast",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: kwast"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "kwas"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: kwas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: kwas"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*quast",
"3": "*quasta",
"4": "questa"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *quast, *quasta, questa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *quast, *quasta, questa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "quast",
"3": "quaste",
"4": "queste",
"5": "koste",
"6": "kost"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: quast, quaste, queste, koste, kost",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: quast, quaste, queste, koste, kost"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Queste",
"3": "Quaste",
"4": "Quest"
},
"expansion": "German: Queste, Quaste, Quest",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Queste, Quaste, Quest"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "*kvǫstr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: *kvǫstr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: *kvǫstr; (kvistr)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "kvistur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: kvistur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "(Icelandic: kvistur)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "kvistur"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: kvistur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "(Faroese: kvistur)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "kvist"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: kvist",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "(Norwegian Bokmål: kvist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "kvist"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: kvist",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "(Norwegian Nynorsk: kvist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "kvaster",
"3": "koster"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: kvaster, koster",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: kvaster, koster"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kvast"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: kvast",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: kvast; (kvist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "kvast",
"3": "kost"
},
"expansion": "Danish: kvast, kost",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: kvast, kost; (kvist)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "kost",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: kost",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: kost"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "quist",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: quist",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "(→ Middle English: quist; (twist))"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "twist"
},
"expansion": "Scots: twist",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "(Scots: twist)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "twist"
},
"expansion": "English: twist",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "(English: twist)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gwosdos",
"t": "piece of wood"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gwosdos (“piece of wood”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*buzdos",
"t": "tail, penis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *buzdos (“tail, penis”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "bot",
"t": "tail, penis"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish bot (“tail, penis”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "both",
"t": "hub, nave"
},
"expansion": "Welsh both (“hub, nave”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "gjeth",
"t": "leaf, foliage"
},
"expansion": "Albanian gjeth (“leaf, foliage”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*gvozdь",
"t": "nail, tack, peg"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *gvozdь (“nail, tack, peg”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from Proto-Indo-European *gwosdos (“piece of wood”), which seems like a nominal derivative from a root *gʷes- (“twig; leafwork”). Compare Proto-Celtic *buzdos (“tail, penis”) (whence Middle Irish bot (“tail, penis”), Welsh both (“hub, nave”)), Albanian gjeth (“leaf, foliage”), Proto-Slavic *gvozdь (“nail, tack, peg”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "u-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kwastuz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwastiwiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwastu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kwastiwiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kwastų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwastunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwastauz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwastiwǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwastiwi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwastumaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwastū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwastumiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwastuz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"tuft"
],
"id": "en-kwastuz-gem-pro-noun-0JRPaFwV",
"links": [
[
"tuft",
"tuft"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "44 56",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "26 74",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "22 78",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"tassel"
],
"id": "en-kwastuz-gem-pro-noun-Q~Hagcp1",
"links": [
[
"tassel",
"tassel"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkwɑs.tuz/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "kwastuz"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms inherited from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic u-stem nouns"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "ofs",
"2": "*kwast"
},
"expansion": "Old Frisian: *kwast",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Frisian: *kwast"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "stq",
"2": "Kwast"
},
"expansion": "Saterland Frisian: Kwast",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Saterland Frisian: Kwast"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fy",
"2": "kwast"
},
"expansion": "West Frisian: kwast",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "West Frisian: kwast"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "osx",
"2": "*kwast"
},
"expansion": "Old Saxon: *kwast",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Saxon: *kwast"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gml",
"2": "quast",
"3": "quest"
},
"expansion": "Middle Low German: quast, quest",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Low German: quast, quest"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nds-de",
"2": "Quast"
},
"expansion": "German Low German: Quast",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German Low German: Quast"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "odt",
"2": "*kwast"
},
"expansion": "Old Dutch: *kwast",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Dutch: *kwast"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "dum",
"2": "quast"
},
"expansion": "Middle Dutch: quast",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle Dutch: quast"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nl",
"2": "kwast"
},
"expansion": "Dutch: kwast",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Dutch: kwast"
},
{
"depth": 4,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "af",
"2": "kwas"
},
"expansion": "Afrikaans: kwas",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Afrikaans: kwas"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "goh",
"2": "*quast",
"3": "*quasta",
"4": "questa"
},
"expansion": "Old High German: *quast, *quasta, questa",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old High German: *quast, *quasta, questa"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmh",
"2": "quast",
"3": "quaste",
"4": "queste",
"5": "koste",
"6": "kost"
},
"expansion": "Middle High German: quast, quaste, queste, koste, kost",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Middle High German: quast, quaste, queste, koste, kost"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "de",
"2": "Queste",
"3": "Quaste",
"4": "Quest"
},
"expansion": "German: Queste, Quaste, Quest",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "German: Queste, Quaste, Quest"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "*kvǫstr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: *kvǫstr",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: *kvǫstr; (kvistr)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "is",
"2": "kvistur"
},
"expansion": "Icelandic: kvistur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "(Icelandic: kvistur)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "fo",
"2": "kvistur"
},
"expansion": "Faroese: kvistur",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "(Faroese: kvistur)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "kvist"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Bokmål: kvist",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "(Norwegian Bokmål: kvist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nn",
"2": "kvist"
},
"expansion": "Norwegian Nynorsk: kvist",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "(Norwegian Nynorsk: kvist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmq-osw",
"2": "kvaster",
"3": "koster"
},
"expansion": "Old Swedish: kvaster, koster",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Old Swedish: kvaster, koster"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sv",
"2": "kvast"
},
"expansion": "Swedish: kvast",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Swedish: kvast; (kvist)"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "da",
"2": "kvast",
"3": "kost"
},
"expansion": "Danish: kvast, kost",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Danish: kvast, kost; (kvist)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "nb",
"2": "kost",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: kost",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Norwegian Bokmål: kost"
},
{
"depth": 2,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "enm",
"2": "quist",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Middle English: quist",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "(→ Middle English: quist; (twist))"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sco",
"2": "twist"
},
"expansion": "Scots: twist",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "(Scots: twist)"
},
{
"depth": 3,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "en",
"2": "twist"
},
"expansion": "English: twist",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "(English: twist)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*gwosdos",
"t": "piece of wood"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gwosdos (“piece of wood”)",
"name": "inh"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cel-pro",
"2": "*buzdos",
"t": "tail, penis"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Celtic *buzdos (“tail, penis”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "mga",
"2": "bot",
"t": "tail, penis"
},
"expansion": "Middle Irish bot (“tail, penis”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "cy",
"2": "both",
"t": "hub, nave"
},
"expansion": "Welsh both (“hub, nave”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sq",
"2": "gjeth",
"t": "leaf, foliage"
},
"expansion": "Albanian gjeth (“leaf, foliage”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*gvozdь",
"t": "nail, tack, peg"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Slavic *gvozdь (“nail, tack, peg”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "Probably from Proto-Indo-European *gwosdos (“piece of wood”), which seems like a nominal derivative from a root *gʷes- (“twig; leafwork”). Compare Proto-Celtic *buzdos (“tail, penis”) (whence Middle Irish bot (“tail, penis”), Welsh both (“hub, nave”)), Albanian gjeth (“leaf, foliage”), Proto-Slavic *gvozdь (“nail, tack, peg”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "u-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kwastuz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwastiwiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwastu",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kwastiwiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kwastų",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwastunz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwastauz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwastiwǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwastiwi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwastumaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kwastū",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kwastumiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kwastuz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"tuft"
],
"links": [
[
"tuft",
"tuft"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"tassel"
],
"links": [
[
"tassel",
"tassel"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkwɑs.tuz/"
}
],
"wikipedia": [
"Rick Derksen"
],
"word": "kwastuz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kwastuz meaning in Proto-Germanic (7.2kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-12-15 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-12-04 using wiktextract (8a39820 and 4401a4c). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.