See kuningaz in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*kuning"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *kuning\nOld English: cyning, cining, cyng, cyneg, cynig, cuning, kyning, kining, king, kuning, cyncg, cyngc, kyningc, kung — Northumbrian\nMiddle English: king, kenin, kening, kinig (in compounds, toponymic), gug, kug (in compounds, influenced by Old Norse (see etymology)), knyng (transmission error), chinge, chinȝ, cing, cining, cinȝ, ging, keing, keng, kingk, kingue, kining, kink, kyng, kynge\nEnglish: king (see there for further descendants)\nScots: keeng, king\nYola: kinge, king\n→ English: cyning (learned)\nOld Frisian: kening, kining, kinig, keneng, koning\nNorth Frisian: köning, kining (Mooring), Köning (Sylt)\nSaterland Frisian: Kening\nWest Frisian: kening\nOld Saxon: kuning\nMiddle Low German: könink, könnink, kunig\nLow German: Köning\nDutch Low Saxon: koaning, könning\nGerman Low German: Koning, Köning, Keunig\nPlautdietsch: Kjennich\n→ Latgalian: kieneņš\n→ Latvian: ķēniņš\n→ Saterland Frisian: König, Köänig\n→ West Frisian: keuning\nOld Dutch: cuninc\nMiddle Dutch: cōninc\nDutch: koning\nAfrikaans: koning\nNegerhollands: koning, kiniṅ\n→ Mohegan-Pequot: kunnung\n→ Sranan Tongo: kownu\n→ Lokono: kónoe\n→ Aukan: konu\n→ Kari'na: konu\nLimburgish: keuning\nOld High German: kuning, cuning, chuninc, chuning, khuninc\nMiddle High German: künic, künec\nAlemannic German: Künig, Chüng, Keenig\nBavarian: Kine, Kini, Kenig, Kineng\nCentral Franconian: Kinnik, Künning, Künnik\nCimbrian: khuuneg\nGerman: König\nLuxembourgish: Kinnek\nRhine Franconian:\nPennsylvania German: Keenich\nVilamovian: kyng\nYiddish: קיניג (kinig), קעניג (kenig)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *kuning\nOld English: cyning, cining, cyng, cyneg, cynig, cuning, kyning, kining, king, kuning, cyncg, cyngc, kyningc, kung — Northumbrian\nMiddle English: king, kenin, kening, kinig (in compounds, toponymic), gug, kug (in compounds, influenced by Old Norse (see etymology)), knyng (transmission error), chinge, chinȝ, cing, cining, cinȝ, ging, keing, keng, kingk, kingue, kining, kink, kyng, kynge\nEnglish: king (see there for further descendants)\nScots: keeng, king\nYola: kinge, king\n→ English: cyning (learned)\nOld Frisian: kening, kining, kinig, keneng, koning\nNorth Frisian: köning, kining (Mooring), Köning (Sylt)\nSaterland Frisian: Kening\nWest Frisian: kening\nOld Saxon: kuning\nMiddle Low German: könink, könnink, kunig\nLow German: Köning\nDutch Low Saxon: koaning, könning\nGerman Low German: Koning, Köning, Keunig\nPlautdietsch: Kjennich\n→ Latgalian: kieneņš\n→ Latvian: ķēniņš\n→ Saterland Frisian: König, Köänig\n→ West Frisian: keuning\nOld Dutch: cuninc\nMiddle Dutch: cōninc\nDutch: koning\nAfrikaans: koning\nNegerhollands: koning, kiniṅ\n→ Mohegan-Pequot: kunnung\n→ Sranan Tongo: kownu\n→ Lokono: kónoe\n→ Aukan: konu\n→ Kari'na: konu\nLimburgish: keuning\nOld High German: kuning, cuning, chuninc, chuning, khuninc\nMiddle High German: künic, künec\nAlemannic German: Künig, Chüng, Keenig\nBavarian: Kine, Kini, Kenig, Kineng\nCentral Franconian: Kinnik, Künning, Künnik\nCimbrian: khuuneg\nGerman: König\nLuxembourgish: Kinnek\nRhine Franconian:\nPennsylvania German: Keenich\nVilamovian: kyng\nYiddish: קיניג (kinig), קעניג (kenig)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "konungr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: konungr, kongr — later form, ᚴᚢᚾᚢᚴᛁ (kunuki) — dative singular, ᚴᚢᚾᚢᚴᛋ (kunuks) — genitive singular, ᚴᚢᚾᚢᚴᛅᛦ (kunukaʀ), ᚴᚢᚿᚢᚴᛆᛧ (kunukaʀ) — nominative plural\nIcelandic: konungur, kóngur\nFaroese: kongur, konungur\nNorn: konung\nNorwegian Nynorsk: konge, kong, konung; (dialectal) kung\nJamtish: kung\nElfdalian: kunungg\nOld Swedish: konunger, kununger, kunger\nSwedish: konung, kung, kong\nOld Danish: kung, konung\nScanian: káng\nDanish: konge, kong, konning\nNorwegian Bokmål: konge\n→ Greenlandic: kunngi\nOld Gutnish: kunungr\nGutnish: kuningg, kungg",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: konungr, kongr — later form, ᚴᚢᚾᚢᚴᛁ (kunuki) — dative singular, ᚴᚢᚾᚢᚴᛋ (kunuks) — genitive singular, ᚴᚢᚾᚢᚴᛅᛦ (kunukaʀ), ᚴᚢᚿᚢᚴᛆᛧ (kunukaʀ) — nominative plural\nIcelandic: konungur, kóngur\nFaroese: kongur, konungur\nNorn: konung\nNorwegian Nynorsk: konge, kong, konung; (dialectal) kung\nJamtish: kung\nElfdalian: kunungg\nOld Swedish: konunger, kununger, kunger\nSwedish: konung, kung, kong\nOld Danish: kung, konung\nScanian: káng\nDanish: konge, kong, konning\nNorwegian Bokmål: konge\n→ Greenlandic: kunngi\nOld Gutnish: kunungr\nGutnish: kuningg, kungg"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kunigas",
"3": "kuningas",
"4": "kunigaikštis",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Lithuanian: kunigas, kuningas, kunigaikštis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Lithuanian: kunigas, kuningas, kunigaikštis"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kungs",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latvian: kungs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latvian: kungs"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*kuningas",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *kuningas",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *kuningas (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*konëŋkēs",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Samic: *konëŋkēs",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Samic: *konëŋkēs (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kъnędzь",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Slavic: *kъnędzь",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Slavic: *kъnędzь (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵenh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kunją",
"3": "*-ingaz",
"t1": "clan",
"t2": "suffix of belonging"
},
"expansion": "*kunją (“clan”) + *-ingaz (“suffix of belonging”)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *kunją (“clan”) + *-ingaz (“suffix of belonging”), with semantic shift from \"someone of the family\" > \"someone that inherits (from their family)\" > \"king\".",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kuningaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuningōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuningōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuning",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kuningōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kuningōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kuningą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuninganz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuningas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuningis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuningǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuningai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuningamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuningō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuningamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kuningaz",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-ingaz",
"parents": [],
"source": "w"
}
],
"derived": [
{
"word": "kuningadōmaz"
},
{
"word": "kuningarīkiją"
}
],
"glosses": [
"king"
],
"id": "en-kuningaz-gem-pro-noun-6B3-aYQa",
"links": [
[
"king",
"king"
]
],
"related": [
{
"word": "kuningǭ"
}
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈku.niŋ.ɡɑz/"
}
],
"word": "kuningaz"
}
{
"derived": [
{
"word": "kuningadōmaz"
},
{
"word": "kuningarīkiją"
}
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*kuning"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *kuning\nOld English: cyning, cining, cyng, cyneg, cynig, cuning, kyning, kining, king, kuning, cyncg, cyngc, kyningc, kung — Northumbrian\nMiddle English: king, kenin, kening, kinig (in compounds, toponymic), gug, kug (in compounds, influenced by Old Norse (see etymology)), knyng (transmission error), chinge, chinȝ, cing, cining, cinȝ, ging, keing, keng, kingk, kingue, kining, kink, kyng, kynge\nEnglish: king (see there for further descendants)\nScots: keeng, king\nYola: kinge, king\n→ English: cyning (learned)\nOld Frisian: kening, kining, kinig, keneng, koning\nNorth Frisian: köning, kining (Mooring), Köning (Sylt)\nSaterland Frisian: Kening\nWest Frisian: kening\nOld Saxon: kuning\nMiddle Low German: könink, könnink, kunig\nLow German: Köning\nDutch Low Saxon: koaning, könning\nGerman Low German: Koning, Köning, Keunig\nPlautdietsch: Kjennich\n→ Latgalian: kieneņš\n→ Latvian: ķēniņš\n→ Saterland Frisian: König, Köänig\n→ West Frisian: keuning\nOld Dutch: cuninc\nMiddle Dutch: cōninc\nDutch: koning\nAfrikaans: koning\nNegerhollands: koning, kiniṅ\n→ Mohegan-Pequot: kunnung\n→ Sranan Tongo: kownu\n→ Lokono: kónoe\n→ Aukan: konu\n→ Kari'na: konu\nLimburgish: keuning\nOld High German: kuning, cuning, chuninc, chuning, khuninc\nMiddle High German: künic, künec\nAlemannic German: Künig, Chüng, Keenig\nBavarian: Kine, Kini, Kenig, Kineng\nCentral Franconian: Kinnik, Künning, Künnik\nCimbrian: khuuneg\nGerman: König\nLuxembourgish: Kinnek\nRhine Franconian:\nPennsylvania German: Keenich\nVilamovian: kyng\nYiddish: קיניג (kinig), קעניג (kenig)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *kuning\nOld English: cyning, cining, cyng, cyneg, cynig, cuning, kyning, kining, king, kuning, cyncg, cyngc, kyningc, kung — Northumbrian\nMiddle English: king, kenin, kening, kinig (in compounds, toponymic), gug, kug (in compounds, influenced by Old Norse (see etymology)), knyng (transmission error), chinge, chinȝ, cing, cining, cinȝ, ging, keing, keng, kingk, kingue, kining, kink, kyng, kynge\nEnglish: king (see there for further descendants)\nScots: keeng, king\nYola: kinge, king\n→ English: cyning (learned)\nOld Frisian: kening, kining, kinig, keneng, koning\nNorth Frisian: köning, kining (Mooring), Köning (Sylt)\nSaterland Frisian: Kening\nWest Frisian: kening\nOld Saxon: kuning\nMiddle Low German: könink, könnink, kunig\nLow German: Köning\nDutch Low Saxon: koaning, könning\nGerman Low German: Koning, Köning, Keunig\nPlautdietsch: Kjennich\n→ Latgalian: kieneņš\n→ Latvian: ķēniņš\n→ Saterland Frisian: König, Köänig\n→ West Frisian: keuning\nOld Dutch: cuninc\nMiddle Dutch: cōninc\nDutch: koning\nAfrikaans: koning\nNegerhollands: koning, kiniṅ\n→ Mohegan-Pequot: kunnung\n→ Sranan Tongo: kownu\n→ Lokono: kónoe\n→ Aukan: konu\n→ Kari'na: konu\nLimburgish: keuning\nOld High German: kuning, cuning, chuninc, chuning, khuninc\nMiddle High German: künic, künec\nAlemannic German: Künig, Chüng, Keenig\nBavarian: Kine, Kini, Kenig, Kineng\nCentral Franconian: Kinnik, Künning, Künnik\nCimbrian: khuuneg\nGerman: König\nLuxembourgish: Kinnek\nRhine Franconian:\nPennsylvania German: Keenich\nVilamovian: kyng\nYiddish: קיניג (kinig), קעניג (kenig)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "konungr"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: konungr, kongr — later form, ᚴᚢᚾᚢᚴᛁ (kunuki) — dative singular, ᚴᚢᚾᚢᚴᛋ (kunuks) — genitive singular, ᚴᚢᚾᚢᚴᛅᛦ (kunukaʀ), ᚴᚢᚿᚢᚴᛆᛧ (kunukaʀ) — nominative plural\nIcelandic: konungur, kóngur\nFaroese: kongur, konungur\nNorn: konung\nNorwegian Nynorsk: konge, kong, konung; (dialectal) kung\nJamtish: kung\nElfdalian: kunungg\nOld Swedish: konunger, kununger, kunger\nSwedish: konung, kung, kong\nOld Danish: kung, konung\nScanian: káng\nDanish: konge, kong, konning\nNorwegian Bokmål: konge\n→ Greenlandic: kunngi\nOld Gutnish: kunungr\nGutnish: kuningg, kungg",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: konungr, kongr — later form, ᚴᚢᚾᚢᚴᛁ (kunuki) — dative singular, ᚴᚢᚾᚢᚴᛋ (kunuks) — genitive singular, ᚴᚢᚾᚢᚴᛅᛦ (kunukaʀ), ᚴᚢᚿᚢᚴᛆᛧ (kunukaʀ) — nominative plural\nIcelandic: konungur, kóngur\nFaroese: kongur, konungur\nNorn: konung\nNorwegian Nynorsk: konge, kong, konung; (dialectal) kung\nJamtish: kung\nElfdalian: kunungg\nOld Swedish: konunger, kununger, kunger\nSwedish: konung, kung, kong\nOld Danish: kung, konung\nScanian: káng\nDanish: konge, kong, konning\nNorwegian Bokmål: konge\n→ Greenlandic: kunngi\nOld Gutnish: kunungr\nGutnish: kuningg, kungg"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "kunigas",
"3": "kuningas",
"4": "kunigaikštis",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Lithuanian: kunigas, kuningas, kunigaikštis",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Lithuanian: kunigas, kuningas, kunigaikštis"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "lv",
"2": "kungs",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Latvian: kungs",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Latvian: kungs"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "urj-fin-pro",
"2": "*kuningas",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Finnic: *kuningas",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Finnic: *kuningas (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "smi-pro",
"2": "*konëŋkēs",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Samic: *konëŋkēs",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Samic: *konëŋkēs (see there for further descendants)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "sla-pro",
"2": "*kъnędzь",
"bor": "1"
},
"expansion": "→ Proto-Slavic: *kъnędzь",
"name": "desc"
},
{
"args": {},
"expansion": "(see there for further descendants)",
"name": "see desc"
}
],
"text": "→ Proto-Slavic: *kъnędzь (see there for further descendants)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵenh₁-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "*kunją",
"3": "*-ingaz",
"t1": "clan",
"t2": "suffix of belonging"
},
"expansion": "*kunją (“clan”) + *-ingaz (“suffix of belonging”)",
"name": "af"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From *kunją (“clan”) + *-ingaz (“suffix of belonging”), with semantic shift from \"someone of the family\" > \"someone that inherits (from their family)\" > \"king\".",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kuningaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuningōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuningōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuning",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kuningōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kuningōs",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kuningą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuninganz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuningas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuningis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuningǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuningai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuningamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kuningō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kuningamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kuningaz",
"pos": "noun",
"related": [
{
"word": "kuningǭ"
}
],
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵenh₁-",
"Proto-Germanic terms suffixed with *-ingaz",
"gem-pro:Heads of state",
"gem-pro:Nobility",
"gem-pro:Occupations",
"gem-pro:Titles"
],
"glosses": [
"king"
],
"links": [
[
"king",
"king"
]
],
"tags": [
"masculine",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈku.niŋ.ɡɑz/"
}
],
"word": "kuningaz"
}
Download raw JSONL data for kuningaz meaning in Proto-Germanic (8.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-23 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-21 using wiktextract (fef8596 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.