kumbraz in Proto-Germanic

IPA: /ˈkum.brɑz/ [Show additional information ▼] [Hide additional information ▲]

Etymology: From Pre-Germanic *gm̥ros, from Proto-Indo-European *gem- (“to press together, grasp”). Cognate with Ancient Greek γέμω (gémō, “to be full”). An uncertain reconstruction; note that many etymologists view the given descendants as being derived from Latin or a Celtic language (see the etymology at German Kummer). Etymology templates: {{der|gem-pro|ine-pro|*gem-|t=to press together, grasp}} Proto-Indo-European *gem- (“to press together, grasp”), {{cog|grc|γέμω||to be full}} Ancient Greek γέμω (gémō, “to be full”), {{cog|de|Kummer}} German Kummer Head templates: {{tlb|gem-pro|West Germanic}} (West Germanic) Inflection templates: {{gem-decl-noun}} Forms: no-table-tags [table-tags], kumbraz [nominative, singular], kumbrōz [nominative, plural], kumbrōs [nominative, plural], kumbr [singular, vocative], kumbrōz [plural, vocative], kumbrōs [plural, vocative], kumbrą [accusative, singular], kumbranz [accusative, plural], kumbras [genitive, singular], kumbris [genitive, singular], kumbrǫ̂ [genitive, plural], kumbrai [dative, singular], kumbramaz [dative, plural], kumbrō [instrumental, singular], kumbramiz [instrumental, plural]

[Show JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▼] [Hide JSON for postprocessed kaikki.org data shown on this page ▲]

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "kummer"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Frisian: kummer",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Frisian: kummer"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "commer",
            "3": "comber"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: commer, comber",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: commer, comber"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "kommer"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: kommer",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: kommer"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "af",
            "2": "kommer"
          },
          "expansion": "Afrikaans: kommer",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Afrikaans: kommer"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "kumber",
            "3": "kummer"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: kumber, kummer",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: kumber, kummer"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "Kummer"
          },
          "expansion": "German: Kummer",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: Kummer"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lb",
            "2": "Kommer"
          },
          "expansion": "Luxembourgish: Kommer",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Luxembourgish: Kommer"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gem-",
        "t": "to press together, grasp"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gem- (“to press together, grasp”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "γέμω",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to be full"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek γέμω (gémō, “to be full”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Kummer"
      },
      "expansion": "German Kummer",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Pre-Germanic *gm̥ros, from Proto-Indo-European *gem- (“to press together, grasp”). Cognate with Ancient Greek γέμω (gémō, “to be full”). An uncertain reconstruction; note that many etymologists view the given descendants as being derived from Latin or a Celtic language (see the etymology at German Kummer).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kumbraz",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kumbrōz",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kumbrōs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kumbr",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kumbrōz",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kumbrōs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kumbrą",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kumbranz",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kumbras",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kumbris",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kumbrǫ̂",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kumbrai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kumbramaz",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kumbrō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kumbramiz",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "West Germanic"
      },
      "expansion": "(West Germanic)",
      "name": "tlb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gem-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kumbraz",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with 1 entry",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Pages with entries",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
          "parents": [
            "Entries with incorrect language header",
            "Entry maintenance"
          ],
          "source": "w"
        },
        {
          "kind": "other",
          "name": "West Proto-Germanic",
          "parents": [],
          "source": "w"
        }
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sorrow, burden, trouble"
      ],
      "id": "en-kumbraz-gem-pro-noun-4wP4Yuk8",
      "links": [
        [
          "sorrow",
          "sorrow"
        ],
        [
          "burden",
          "burden"
        ],
        [
          "trouble",
          "trouble"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Germanic",
        "West",
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkum.brɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "kumbraz"
}

[Show JSON for raw wiktextract data ▼] [Hide JSON for raw wiktextract data ▲]

{
  "descendants": [
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "ofs",
            "2": "kummer"
          },
          "expansion": "Old Frisian: kummer",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Old Frisian: kummer"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "dum",
            "2": "commer",
            "3": "comber"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle Dutch: commer, comber",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle Dutch: commer, comber"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "nl",
            "2": "kommer"
          },
          "expansion": "Dutch: kommer",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Dutch: kommer"
    },
    {
      "depth": 3,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "af",
            "2": "kommer"
          },
          "expansion": "Afrikaans: kommer",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Afrikaans: kommer"
    },
    {
      "depth": 1,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "gmh",
            "2": "kumber",
            "3": "kummer"
          },
          "expansion": "Middle High German: kumber, kummer",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Middle High German: kumber, kummer"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "de",
            "2": "Kummer"
          },
          "expansion": "German: Kummer",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "German: Kummer"
    },
    {
      "depth": 2,
      "templates": [
        {
          "args": {
            "1": "lb",
            "2": "Kommer"
          },
          "expansion": "Luxembourgish: Kommer",
          "name": "desc"
        }
      ],
      "text": "Luxembourgish: Kommer"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "ine-pro",
        "3": "*gem-",
        "t": "to press together, grasp"
      },
      "expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *gem- (“to press together, grasp”)",
      "name": "der"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "grc",
        "2": "γέμω",
        "3": "",
        "4": "to be full"
      },
      "expansion": "Ancient Greek γέμω (gémō, “to be full”)",
      "name": "cog"
    },
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "de",
        "2": "Kummer"
      },
      "expansion": "German Kummer",
      "name": "cog"
    }
  ],
  "etymology_text": "From Pre-Germanic *gm̥ros, from Proto-Indo-European *gem- (“to press together, grasp”). Cognate with Ancient Greek γέμω (gémō, “to be full”). An uncertain reconstruction; note that many etymologists view the given descendants as being derived from Latin or a Celtic language (see the etymology at German Kummer).",
  "forms": [
    {
      "form": "no-table-tags",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "table-tags"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "gem-decl-noun",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "inflection-template"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "a-stem",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "class"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kumbraz",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kumbrōz",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kumbrōs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "nominative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kumbr",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "singular",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kumbrōz",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kumbrōs",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "plural",
        "vocative"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kumbrą",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kumbranz",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "accusative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kumbras",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kumbris",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kumbrǫ̂",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "genitive",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kumbrai",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kumbramaz",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "dative",
        "plural"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kumbrō",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "singular"
      ]
    },
    {
      "form": "kumbramiz",
      "source": "declension",
      "tags": [
        "instrumental",
        "plural"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "head_templates": [
    {
      "args": {
        "1": "gem-pro",
        "2": "West Germanic"
      },
      "expansion": "(West Germanic)",
      "name": "tlb"
    }
  ],
  "inflection_templates": [
    {
      "args": {},
      "name": "gem-decl-noun"
    }
  ],
  "lang": "Proto-Germanic",
  "lang_code": "gem-pro",
  "original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kumbraz",
  "pos": "noun",
  "senses": [
    {
      "categories": [
        "Pages with 1 entry",
        "Pages with entries",
        "Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
        "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
        "Proto-Germanic lemmas",
        "Proto-Germanic masculine nouns",
        "Proto-Germanic nouns",
        "Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
        "West Proto-Germanic"
      ],
      "glosses": [
        "sorrow, burden, trouble"
      ],
      "links": [
        [
          "sorrow",
          "sorrow"
        ],
        [
          "burden",
          "burden"
        ],
        [
          "trouble",
          "trouble"
        ]
      ],
      "tags": [
        "Germanic",
        "West",
        "masculine",
        "reconstruction"
      ],
      "wikipedia": [
        "Brill Publishers"
      ]
    }
  ],
  "sounds": [
    {
      "ipa": "/ˈkum.brɑz/"
    }
  ],
  "word": "kumbraz"
}

This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2025-03-06 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2025-03-02 using wiktextract (b81b832 and 633533e). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.

If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.

"kumbraz" meaning in Proto-Germanic

Noun