See kulą in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
Download JSONL data for kulą meaning in Proto-Germanic (4.9kB)
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*kol"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *kol\nOld English: col\nMiddle English: col, cole\nEnglish: coal\nScots: col, coll\nOld Frisian: kole\nSaterland Frisian: Cole, Koole\nWest Frisian: koal\nOld Saxon: *kol\nMiddle Low German: kole\nGerman Low German: Kahl, Kaal\nPlautdietsch: Kol\nOld Dutch: *kol\nMiddle Dutch: kole\nDutch: kool\nAfrikaans: kool\nJersey Dutch: kôl\nNegerhollands: kool\n→ Caribbean Hindustani: koro\n→ Chinese: 高麗／高丽, 高麗菜／高丽菜 (via Min Nan)\n→ Indonesian: kol\n→ Mahican: gónan\n→ Papiamentu: kolo\n→ Sranan Tongo: kolo\nLimburgish: koeal\nOld High German: kol\nMiddle High German: kol\nCimbrian: kholl\nGerman: Kohle\nLuxembourgish: Kuel\nYiddish: קויל (koyl)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *kol\nOld English: col\nMiddle English: col, cole\nEnglish: coal\nScots: col, coll\nOld Frisian: kole\nSaterland Frisian: Cole, Koole\nWest Frisian: koal\nOld Saxon: *kol\nMiddle Low German: kole\nGerman Low German: Kahl, Kaal\nPlautdietsch: Kol\nOld Dutch: *kol\nMiddle Dutch: kole\nDutch: kool\nAfrikaans: kool\nJersey Dutch: kôl\nNegerhollands: kool\n→ Caribbean Hindustani: koro\n→ Chinese: 高麗／高丽, 高麗菜／高丽菜 (via Min Nan)\n→ Indonesian: kol\n→ Mahican: gónan\n→ Papiamentu: kolo\n→ Sranan Tongo: kolo\nLimburgish: koeal\nOld High German: kol\nMiddle High German: kol\nCimbrian: kholl\nGerman: Kohle\nLuxembourgish: Kuel\nYiddish: קויל (koyl)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "kol"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: kol, kul\nIcelandic: kol\nFaroese: kol\nNorwegian Nynorsk: kol\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: kol\nJamtish: kuł\nOld Swedish: kol, kul\nSwedish: kol\nDanish: kul\nNorwegian Bokmål: kull",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: kol, kul\nIcelandic: kol\nFaroese: kol\nNorwegian Nynorsk: kol\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: kol\nJamtish: kuł\nOld Swedish: kol, kul\nSwedish: kol\nDanish: kul\nNorwegian Bokmål: kull"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵwelH-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ǵwl̥H-o-m"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵwl̥H-o-m",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "gúal",
"3": "",
"4": "charcoal, coal"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish gúal (“charcoal, coal”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ज्वलति",
"3": "",
"4": "to burn",
"tr": "jválati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit ज्वलति (jválati, “to burn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "žvìlti",
"3": "",
"4": "to shine"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian žvìlti (“to shine”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Pre-Germanic *ǵulHom, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵwl̥H-o-m, from *ǵwelH- (“to burn, shine”). Related to Old Irish gúal (“charcoal, coal”), Sanskrit ज्वलति (jválati, “to burn”), Lithuanian žvìlti (“to shine”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kulą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kulō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kulą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kulą",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
},
{
"kind": "other",
"name": "Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"parents": [
"Terms with non-redundant manual transliterations",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w"
}
],
"glosses": [
"coal"
],
"id": "en-kulą-gem-pro-noun-bRFMlfv1",
"links": [
[
"coal",
"coal"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈku.lɑ̃/"
}
],
"word": "kulą"
}
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*kol"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *kol\nOld English: col\nMiddle English: col, cole\nEnglish: coal\nScots: col, coll\nOld Frisian: kole\nSaterland Frisian: Cole, Koole\nWest Frisian: koal\nOld Saxon: *kol\nMiddle Low German: kole\nGerman Low German: Kahl, Kaal\nPlautdietsch: Kol\nOld Dutch: *kol\nMiddle Dutch: kole\nDutch: kool\nAfrikaans: kool\nJersey Dutch: kôl\nNegerhollands: kool\n→ Caribbean Hindustani: koro\n→ Chinese: 高麗／高丽, 高麗菜／高丽菜 (via Min Nan)\n→ Indonesian: kol\n→ Mahican: gónan\n→ Papiamentu: kolo\n→ Sranan Tongo: kolo\nLimburgish: koeal\nOld High German: kol\nMiddle High German: kol\nCimbrian: kholl\nGerman: Kohle\nLuxembourgish: Kuel\nYiddish: קויל (koyl)",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *kol\nOld English: col\nMiddle English: col, cole\nEnglish: coal\nScots: col, coll\nOld Frisian: kole\nSaterland Frisian: Cole, Koole\nWest Frisian: koal\nOld Saxon: *kol\nMiddle Low German: kole\nGerman Low German: Kahl, Kaal\nPlautdietsch: Kol\nOld Dutch: *kol\nMiddle Dutch: kole\nDutch: kool\nAfrikaans: kool\nJersey Dutch: kôl\nNegerhollands: kool\n→ Caribbean Hindustani: koro\n→ Chinese: 高麗／高丽, 高麗菜／高丽菜 (via Min Nan)\n→ Indonesian: kol\n→ Mahican: gónan\n→ Papiamentu: kolo\n→ Sranan Tongo: kolo\nLimburgish: koeal\nOld High German: kol\nMiddle High German: kol\nCimbrian: kholl\nGerman: Kohle\nLuxembourgish: Kuel\nYiddish: קויל (koyl)"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "non",
"2": "kol"
},
"expansion": "Old Norse: kol, kul\nIcelandic: kol\nFaroese: kol\nNorwegian Nynorsk: kol\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: kol\nJamtish: kuł\nOld Swedish: kol, kul\nSwedish: kol\nDanish: kul\nNorwegian Bokmål: kull",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Old Norse: kol, kul\nIcelandic: kol\nFaroese: kol\nNorwegian Nynorsk: kol\n→ Norwegian Bokmål: kol\nJamtish: kuł\nOld Swedish: kol, kul\nSwedish: kol\nDanish: kul\nNorwegian Bokmål: kull"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ǵwelH-"
},
"expansion": "",
"name": "root"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "",
"4": "*ǵwl̥H-o-m"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ǵwl̥H-o-m",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sga",
"2": "gúal",
"3": "",
"4": "charcoal, coal"
},
"expansion": "Old Irish gúal (“charcoal, coal”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "sa",
"2": "ज्वलति",
"3": "",
"4": "to burn",
"tr": "jválati"
},
"expansion": "Sanskrit ज्वलति (jválati, “to burn”)",
"name": "cog"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "lt",
"2": "žvìlti",
"3": "",
"4": "to shine"
},
"expansion": "Lithuanian žvìlti (“to shine”)",
"name": "cog"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Pre-Germanic *ǵulHom, from Proto-Indo-European *ǵwl̥H-o-m, from *ǵwelH- (“to burn, shine”). Related to Old Irish gúal (“charcoal, coal”), Sanskrit ज्वलति (jválati, “to burn”), Lithuanian žvìlti (“to shine”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "a-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "kulą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kulō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "kulą",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulas",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulis",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulai",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulamaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "kulō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "kulamiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/kulą",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"categories": [
"Proto-Germanic a-stem nouns",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic neuter nouns",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from the Proto-Indo-European root *ǵwelH-",
"Proto-Germanic terms with IPA pronunciation",
"Sanskrit terms with non-redundant manual transliterations"
],
"glosses": [
"coal"
],
"links": [
[
"coal",
"coal"
]
],
"tags": [
"neuter",
"reconstruction"
],
"wikipedia": [
"Brill Publishers"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈku.lɑ̃/"
}
],
"word": "kulą"
}
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-06-27 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-06-20 using wiktextract (0f7b3ac and b863ecc). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.