See krukjō in All languages combined, or Wiktionary
{
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*krukkju"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *krukkju\nOld English: cryċċ, criċċ, cryċ\nMiddle English: crucche, croch, croche, crouch, cruche\nEnglish: crutch\nScots: crutch\nOld Frisian: *krukk, *krekk, *krek\nSaterland Frisian: Krukke, Kruke (possibly from Low German)\nWest Frisian: kruk (possibly from Dutch)\nOld Saxon: krukka\nMiddle Low German: krucke, krocke, krücke\nGerman Low German: Krück\nLow German: krukke, Krükke, Krück\n→ Danish: krykke\n→ Old Swedish: krykkia\nSwedish: krycka\n→ Norwegian: krykke, krykkje\nOld Dutch: *krukka\nMiddle Dutch: crucke, cricke, crocke\nDutch: kruk (see there for further descendants)\nOld High German: krucka\nMiddle High German: krücke\nCimbrian: khrukha\nGerman: Krücke\nLombardic: *krukkja\n→ Italian: gruccia\n→ Latin: crucia, crucea, cruccia, crucca, croccia\nFranco-Provençal: crosse, croche\nItalo-Dalmatian\nItalian: croccia (Tuscan and central dialects)\nNeapolitan: croccia, corcia, crocia\nSicilian: crozza\nPiedmontese: cròssa\nOld French: crosse\nMiddle French: crosse\nFrench: crosse\n→ Portuguese: crossa\nOld Occitan: cròça\nOccitan: cròça",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *krukkju\nOld English: cryċċ, criċċ, cryċ\nMiddle English: crucche, croch, croche, crouch, cruche\nEnglish: crutch\nScots: crutch\nOld Frisian: *krukk, *krekk, *krek\nSaterland Frisian: Krukke, Kruke (possibly from Low German)\nWest Frisian: kruk (possibly from Dutch)\nOld Saxon: krukka\nMiddle Low German: krucke, krocke, krücke\nGerman Low German: Krück\nLow German: krukke, Krükke, Krück\n→ Danish: krykke\n→ Old Swedish: krykkia\nSwedish: krycka\n→ Norwegian: krykke, krykkje\nOld Dutch: *krukka\nMiddle Dutch: crucke, cricke, crocke\nDutch: kruk (see there for further descendants)\nOld High German: krucka\nMiddle High German: krücke\nCimbrian: khrukha\nGerman: Krücke\nLombardic: *krukkja\n→ Italian: gruccia\n→ Latin: crucia, crucea, cruccia, crucca, croccia\nFranco-Provençal: crosse, croche\nItalo-Dalmatian\nItalian: croccia (Tuscan and central dialects)\nNeapolitan: croccia, corcia, crocia\nSicilian: crozza\nPiedmontese: cròssa\nOld French: crosse\nMiddle French: crosse\nFrench: crosse\n→ Portuguese: crossa\nOld Occitan: cròça\nOccitan: cròça"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌺𐍂𐌿𐌺𐌺𐌾𐌰"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌺𐍂𐌿𐌺𐌺𐌾𐌰 (krukkja)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌺𐍂𐌿𐌺𐌺𐌾𐌰 (krukkja)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*grewg-",
"4": "",
"5": "bend, wrinkle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *grewg- (“bend, wrinkle”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ger-",
"4": "",
"5": "to bend, turn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to bend, turn”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *grewg- (“bend, wrinkle”), from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to bend, turn”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "krukjō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krukjôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krukjō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "krukjôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "krukjǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krukjōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krukjōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krukjǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krukjōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krukjōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krukjō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krukjōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krukjō",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"curved staff"
],
"id": "en-krukjō-gem-pro-noun-P7Gbjhu2",
"links": [
[
"staff",
"staff"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"categories": [
{
"_dis": "34 66",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with 1 entry",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "19 81",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Pages with entries",
"parents": [],
"source": "w+disamb"
},
{
"_dis": "15 85",
"kind": "other",
"name": "Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"parents": [
"Entries with incorrect language header",
"Entry maintenance"
],
"source": "w+disamb"
}
],
"glosses": [
"crutch"
],
"id": "en-krukjō-gem-pro-noun-dKvYwVhw",
"links": [
[
"crutch",
"crutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkruk.jɔː/"
}
],
"word": "krukjō"
}
{
"categories": [
"Pages with 1 entry",
"Pages with entries",
"Proto-Germanic entries with incorrect language header",
"Proto-Germanic feminine nouns",
"Proto-Germanic lemmas",
"Proto-Germanic nouns",
"Proto-Germanic terms derived from Proto-Indo-European",
"Proto-Germanic ō-stem nouns"
],
"descendants": [
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gmw-pro",
"2": "*krukkju"
},
"expansion": "Proto-West Germanic: *krukkju\nOld English: cryċċ, criċċ, cryċ\nMiddle English: crucche, croch, croche, crouch, cruche\nEnglish: crutch\nScots: crutch\nOld Frisian: *krukk, *krekk, *krek\nSaterland Frisian: Krukke, Kruke (possibly from Low German)\nWest Frisian: kruk (possibly from Dutch)\nOld Saxon: krukka\nMiddle Low German: krucke, krocke, krücke\nGerman Low German: Krück\nLow German: krukke, Krükke, Krück\n→ Danish: krykke\n→ Old Swedish: krykkia\nSwedish: krycka\n→ Norwegian: krykke, krykkje\nOld Dutch: *krukka\nMiddle Dutch: crucke, cricke, crocke\nDutch: kruk (see there for further descendants)\nOld High German: krucka\nMiddle High German: krücke\nCimbrian: khrukha\nGerman: Krücke\nLombardic: *krukkja\n→ Italian: gruccia\n→ Latin: crucia, crucea, cruccia, crucca, croccia\nFranco-Provençal: crosse, croche\nItalo-Dalmatian\nItalian: croccia (Tuscan and central dialects)\nNeapolitan: croccia, corcia, crocia\nSicilian: crozza\nPiedmontese: cròssa\nOld French: crosse\nMiddle French: crosse\nFrench: crosse\n→ Portuguese: crossa\nOld Occitan: cròça\nOccitan: cròça",
"name": "desctree"
}
],
"text": "Proto-West Germanic: *krukkju\nOld English: cryċċ, criċċ, cryċ\nMiddle English: crucche, croch, croche, crouch, cruche\nEnglish: crutch\nScots: crutch\nOld Frisian: *krukk, *krekk, *krek\nSaterland Frisian: Krukke, Kruke (possibly from Low German)\nWest Frisian: kruk (possibly from Dutch)\nOld Saxon: krukka\nMiddle Low German: krucke, krocke, krücke\nGerman Low German: Krück\nLow German: krukke, Krükke, Krück\n→ Danish: krykke\n→ Old Swedish: krykkia\nSwedish: krycka\n→ Norwegian: krykke, krykkje\nOld Dutch: *krukka\nMiddle Dutch: crucke, cricke, crocke\nDutch: kruk (see there for further descendants)\nOld High German: krucka\nMiddle High German: krücke\nCimbrian: khrukha\nGerman: Krücke\nLombardic: *krukkja\n→ Italian: gruccia\n→ Latin: crucia, crucea, cruccia, crucca, croccia\nFranco-Provençal: crosse, croche\nItalo-Dalmatian\nItalian: croccia (Tuscan and central dialects)\nNeapolitan: croccia, corcia, crocia\nSicilian: crozza\nPiedmontese: cròssa\nOld French: crosse\nMiddle French: crosse\nFrench: crosse\n→ Portuguese: crossa\nOld Occitan: cròça\nOccitan: cròça"
},
{
"depth": 1,
"templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "got",
"2": "𐌺𐍂𐌿𐌺𐌺𐌾𐌰"
},
"expansion": "Gothic: 𐌺𐍂𐌿𐌺𐌺𐌾𐌰 (krukkja)",
"name": "desc"
}
],
"text": "Gothic: 𐌺𐍂𐌿𐌺𐌺𐌾𐌰 (krukkja)"
}
],
"etymology_templates": [
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*grewg-",
"4": "",
"5": "bend, wrinkle"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *grewg- (“bend, wrinkle”)",
"name": "der"
},
{
"args": {
"1": "gem-pro",
"2": "ine-pro",
"3": "*ger-",
"4": "",
"5": "to bend, turn"
},
"expansion": "Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to bend, turn”)",
"name": "der"
}
],
"etymology_text": "From Proto-Indo-European *grewg- (“bend, wrinkle”), from Proto-Indo-European *ger- (“to bend, turn”).",
"forms": [
{
"form": "no-table-tags",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"table-tags"
]
},
{
"form": "gem-decl-noun",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"inflection-template"
]
},
{
"form": "ō-stem",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"class"
]
},
{
"form": "krukjō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krukjôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"nominative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krukjō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"singular",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "krukjôz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"plural",
"vocative"
]
},
{
"form": "krukjǭ",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krukjōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"accusative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krukjōz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krukjǫ̂",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"genitive",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krukjōi",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krukjōmaz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"dative",
"plural"
]
},
{
"form": "krukjō",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"singular"
]
},
{
"form": "krukjōmiz",
"source": "inflection",
"tags": [
"instrumental",
"plural"
]
}
],
"inflection_templates": [
{
"args": {},
"name": "gem-decl-noun"
}
],
"lang": "Proto-Germanic",
"lang_code": "gem-pro",
"original_title": "Reconstruction:Proto-Germanic/krukjō",
"pos": "noun",
"senses": [
{
"glosses": [
"curved staff"
],
"links": [
[
"staff",
"staff"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
},
{
"glosses": [
"crutch"
],
"links": [
[
"crutch",
"crutch"
]
],
"tags": [
"feminine",
"reconstruction"
]
}
],
"sounds": [
{
"ipa": "/ˈkruk.jɔː/"
}
],
"word": "krukjō"
}
Download raw JSONL data for krukjō meaning in Proto-Germanic (4.9kB)
This page is a part of the kaikki.org machine-readable Proto-Germanic dictionary. This dictionary is based on structured data extracted on 2024-11-01 from the enwiktionary dump dated 2024-10-02 using wiktextract (d49d402 and a5af179). The data shown on this site has been post-processed and various details (e.g., extra categories) removed, some information disambiguated, and additional data merged from other sources. See the raw data download page for the unprocessed wiktextract data.
If you use this data in academic research, please cite Tatu Ylonen: Wiktextract: Wiktionary as Machine-Readable Structured Data, Proceedings of the 13th Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC), pp. 1317-1325, Marseille, 20-25 June 2022. Linking to the relevant page(s) under https://kaikki.org would also be greatly appreciated.